字幕修整，合并：罗永强
I'm embarking on the second leg of my world tour 我展开环球之旅的第二程
of 80 of the greatest treasures ever created by man. 找寻80件人类创作的珍宝
I'm about to travel through two thousand years of history, 我要穿越二千年历史
from the ancient civilisations of Mexico 由墨西哥古文明
to the promised land of the United States. 来到希望之乡美国
It's a journey which will take me from mysterious pyramids and lost cities 这一程始于神秘金字塔和失落城市
to the skyscrapers of New York. 终于纽约的摩天大厦
I've been on the road for two and a half weeks. Leaving behind South America, 我上路两个半星期，离开南美洲
I fly from Brazil to the southern Mexican state of Chiapas. 由巴西飞往墨西哥南部的恰帕斯
I'm in the rainforest of southern Mexico, 我来到墨西哥南部的雨林
and it's here that civilisation started to emerge, three thousand years ago. 三千年前文明在此萌芽
I'm searching for a treasure created by this most bloodthirsty of civilisations. 我要找一个由血腥文明建造的宝藏
Ah, now here's a clue. 这儿有线索
Ancient structure. 古代建筑遗迹
I'm obviously heading in the right direction. 显然是正确方向
For centuries this dense forest concealed a shocking and grisly secret: 几百年来，密林隐藏着可怖秘密
a lost city in which human sacrifice was a way of life. 一个惯以活人祭神的失落城市
Palenque - the great city of the Mayans, 帕伦克是马雅人的伟大城市
built in the hundred years after 650 AD, 建于公元650年后的一百年间
by King Pacal and his sons. 由帕卡尔王与儿子所建造
What a fantastic commanding site. 居高临下，地势优越
There's the plain over there - from the city. 远望城后的平原
The king, his warriors, could watch what's going on. 国王和战士在这儿一览无遗
What we're seeing here is the sacred heart of the city. 入目是全城的心脏地带
The temples and the palace. 神庙和皇宫
Palenque is one of the world's most remarkable ancient cities. 帕伦克是首屈一指的宏伟大古城
It reveals so much about the Mayan civilisation, 体现马雅文明的特色
which dates back to a thousand BC or earlier. 马雅文明上溯至公元前一千年前
The Mayans ruled a vast empire, stretching through Central America 马雅帝国幅员广大，跨越中美洲
from Mexico to Guatemala and Honduras. 由墨西哥延至危地马拉和洪都拉斯
The buildings at Palenque are adorned with reliefs an hieroglyphs 帕伦克的建筑刻满浮雕和象形文字
which unlock the door to a sophisticated yet savage world. 揭露一个先进但野蛮的世界
The Mayans evolved a calendar and were great astrologers, 马雅人发明历法，又是星象专家
and are best known for practising human sacrifice. 却以活人祭献最为闻名
At the heart of this violent and bloody world 这个血腥暴力世界的中心
was King Pacal's palace. 是帕卡尔王的皇宫
It was built high on a hill to make it easy to defend. 建在山丘之上，易于防守
Its thick stone walls were designed to withstand attack. 厚石墙能抵御袭击
Wars between rival kingdoms were ritualistic and 敌对王国打仗乃常事
governed by the movement of the planet Venus, so were known as 'star wars'. 由金星运行操纵，故名“星战”
This must have been a very important courtyard in the palace. 这儿想必是宫内一个重要庭院
This is where subjects came to pay homage to the king, to bring tribute. 子民前来谒见国王，前来进贡
They'd have walked through here and they'd have passed these huge images of captives, 必然经过这些俘虏人像
naked figures - of warriors taken in war, people who had been humiliated. 战败被掳的战士，赤身露体受凌辱
These were a warning to the subjects coming through to pay homage. 藉此警惕来见的子民
These men had frightfully miserable faces. Even the dead, 俘虏的表情悲苦，甚至有死人
naked which is a sign of humiliation in this culture. 马雅文化以赤裸为耻
And this figure at the end is strange - 末端的人像向上望
Iooking upwards towards perhaps where the king would be. 或是仰望国王
Naked and with, again this gigantic penis. I wonder why. 赤条条，露出巨大阳具，不知何解
I do know that part of the ritual of sacrificing a captive 我知道献祭俘虏的仪式中
was often to mutilate, to cause pain, to, 往往要宰割祭品，大概要施加痛楚
I suppose, prove the warrior was worthy of sacrifice. 好证明战士配做祭品
He wasn't meant to show the agony he was - put through. 俘虏要忍痛而色不变
And I suppose this could be a part of that ritual, the scarring of the penis. Astonishing. 阳具的伤痕大概是仪式的一部份
Blood sacrifice was at the core of the Mayan way of life. 血祭是马雅生活的核心
This is an altar, 这是祭坛
and some people believe this is where the Maya sacrificed captives taken in war. 有人相信就是在这儿杀战俘献祭
These unfortunate chaps would have their heads cut off, 不幸战俘先给斩首
or more disturbing, their heart plucked out, 更惊心的是给挖出心脏
and while the heart still pumped the blood 心脏还扑扑跳时
would be smeared over the gods kept in the temple, 把血抹在神庙内的神像上
and then the body skinned and the skin draped over the priests, would dance around. 再把祭品剥皮，祭司披上跳舞
Very hard for us to take all this, but of course, you have to remember, 我们难以接受，但不要忘记
the Maya didn't hold life cheaply. They valued it greatly, 马雅人并非贱视生命，而是珍而重之
that's the point. 正因为生命宝贵
It was so precious, it was the most precious thing to give to the gods. 所以是最贵重的敬神祭品
Some mutilated captives would be dragged up the steep steps 有些俘虏受宰割后给拖上陡峭石阶
of the temple of the inscriptions 送上碑铭神庙
to face further humiliation and aony at the top. 受进一步的羞辱和痛苦
But blood letting was not restricted to enemies. 然而马雅人不光把敌人放血
After victory in battle, King Pacal himself would pierce his penis 帕卡尔王战胜后会自刺阳具
and let it bleed on the altar to thank the gods, 让血滴在祭坛上酬神
while the queen slit open her tongue. 王后则割破舌头
I'm descending into the bowels of the pyramid, 我拾级而下金字塔的内部
into the Mayan underworld. Very steep steps. 踏足马雅人的阴间，梯级陡斜
Above me, is a spectacular system - of vaults for which the Mayans - are famous. 头上是连串拱顶，马雅人的名作
These cauldron vaults, incredible structures. 这些挑出拱顶，结构巧妙
The amazing thing is, all of this structure and what's below 最神奇是上上下下的建筑
was lost for nearly 1 500 years, buried. 给埋没失传近1500年
Although I'm deep underground - well, deep in the pyramid - it's incredibly hot. 地底深处金字塔内仍然热得出奇
And these stairs are really treacherous. 梯级步步惊心
They're now running with water condensation 水气凝聚，滴滴答答
and I've got to be very careful not to tumble down 我要步步为营
and maybe never come back again. 免得失足而回不了去
Mmm, my goodness me, they are slippery. 老天，滑得很
Here's a massive slab acting as a door, sealing a tomb. 这块大石是门，封闭墓室
And inside, here it is, the massive stone sarcophagus of King Pacal. 里面有帕卡尔王的巨大石棺
And what we see is the lid suspended on steel girders now. 棺盖现有钢梁抬起
Originally, it would have - have sat right down there on the sarcophagus itself - 原本该是紧盖着石棺
- in which is this moon-shaped opening which received the king's body. 中间的月形坑安放国王遗体
So here we see a piece of the art as the Mayan people themselves would have seen it, 这件艺术品一如当年马雅人所见
preserved for all those years. Incredible. 保存了千多年，了不起
One sees in the middle the king himself. 中间部份是国王
Now - he died at the age of eighty, 他死时80岁
but here you see him as a vigorous young man. 但画中刻的是精壮少年
He's lying on his back, he's falling down into the mouth, 国王仰卧，掉进死神口内
the jaws of death, represented by the great jaguar god, 死神也就是掌管幽冥之豹神
the god of the underworld - the god of death. 祂是阴间的神，掌管死亡
That's below the king; above him - rises this - this great tree - the tree of life. 那是国王下面，上面生出生命树
But in the form of a cross. The cross was a sacred symbol for the Mayan people. 形如十字，是马雅人的神圣象征
Fascinating. It represented the connection between the underworld, where I am now, 把我现在所处的阴间
the heavens above, and the land of the living - 与天堂和人间连起来
- whose blood was, in a way, the most powerful sacred element of this - of this world. 活人血是这个世界最具力量的圣物
Because the whole image here is to do with life coming from death, that's the point. 构图的主题就是死而复生
The great cycle of existence, 生命的循环
as the seasons come and as night follows day and the sun returns in the morning, 季节转换，日而夜，然后旭日再升
this is declaring that through death comes rebirth. 图案象征经历死亡而重生
Yet the Mayan way of life did die, in around 900 AD. 马雅人终在公元九百年灭绝
Exactly why is a mystery. 个中原因仍是个谜
The best guess is a combination of famine and war. 但大多相信是因饥荒和战祸所致
I leave Palenque with a yearning 我怀着思念离开帕伦克
to find out more about the enigmatic civilisations of Central America. 继续寻找中美洲谜一般的文明
So I head to Central Mexico, 我前往墨西哥中部
to a place which has been compared to ancient Egypt. 寻找一个与古埃及能相题并论的地方
The city of Teotihuacan is larger and older than Palenque, 特奥蒂瓦坎比帕伦克宏大和久远
but lacks its atmosphere 但它缺乏活力
and has been over-restored. 而且曾经过度修茸
It's not one of my treasures, 虽然它并无列入我的珍宝之中
but you can't deny its scale and power. 但它的规模和力量实在令人不能忽视
The origins of - Teotihuacan are surrounded in mystery. 特奥蒂瓦坎的起源仍是个谜
It may date from as early as 200 BC - 年期大概可追溯至公元前200年
- and the great creators of the city may have been the enigmatic Toltecs. 而建筑师大概是托尔提克人
At its peak, it was one of the world's largest cities, 山顶上曾是世上最大的城市一
with a population of 1 25,000 people. 拥有十二万五千名居民
It covers an area of up to eight square miles. 占地近八平方公里
The Temple of the Sun is the third largest pyramid in the world, 太阳神殿是世上第三大金字塔
after one at Cholula in Mexico 排名紧次于墨西哥的乔卢拉金字塔
and great pyramid in Egypt. 和埃及大金字塔
Phew. Some climb. 63 metres probably. 呼！这座山足足有六十三米高
More like 70 originally, with a temple at the top. 接近七十米，山顶上有一座神殿
An amazing achievement. 是一座惊人的建筑物
Incredible view here. 这里风景如画
There's the Way of the Dead, the great street, 那是亡灵之路，是一条大街
Ieading the temples each side to the Temple of the Moon over there. 将各处的神殿引领到月之神殿
Until recently nobody knew exactly why 直至目前，金字塔兴建的原因
these pyramids were built. 仍是个谜
Then archaeologists excavating the Temple of the Moon 但考古学家发掘月之神殿时
discovered a dozen skeletons, 发现了十二具骸骨
ten of whom had been ritually decapitated. 其中十具依仪式被斩首
So like Palenque, 所以这里大概跟帕伦克一样
this was once the scene of human sacrifice. 是奉献活人的地方
To find my treasure, I must follow in the footsteps of the Toltecs, 我随托尔特克人足迹找下一项宝藏
who in 750 AD mysteriously abandoned Teotihuacan 他们在公元750年遗弃特奥蒂瓦坎
and built a new capital at Tollan Tula. 在图拉另建新都
Just a few ruins of this once-great city survive. 这个辉煌古都的遗迹零星落索
But these include four mighty warriors. 包括四位巨人战士
Here, one of the great, most moving memorials to the Toltec people. 一件动人心魄的托尔特克人遗迹
These great statues were only discovered in the 1 940s, 这些巨像1940年代才重见天日
buried in a trench. 之前给埋没深坑中
They date from about 900 AD, 建造于大约公元900年
and they're thought to be columns supporting a temple on top of a flat pyramid. 估计是支撑金字塔顶神庙的巨柱
The details suggest that they were - representing warriors - or guardian spirits. 雕刻细节推测，是战士或守护神
Warriors because that is the feathered headdress of a warrior, 线索是头上的战士羽毛头饰
and they're holding bows, arrows and spears. 而且手持弓、箭和矛
The god they were guarding is revealed, suggested anyway, by some of the details. 另有细节吐露战士守护的神
The stylised butterfly up there - 上面的蝴蝶装饰
- and below - the feet have feathers. 下面覆盖脚掌的羽毛
These are emblems of the great god of the Toltecs. 都是托尔特克人一个主神的标记
And on the rear of this great warrior or guardian is this solar disk. 战士背面还有太阳盘
Here it is. In the centre, a face - the sun god. 中央是太阳神
And here, carvings. 这儿有石刻
You can speculate - this might be writing. No one's deciphered it. 可能是文字，却未有人能解读
Also there's evidence here of colour. There's red here. 那儿还有色彩残迹，这儿是红色
All four of these great giants - originally would have been brightly coloured. 四尊巨人原本色彩斑斓
The giants give a hint of just how splendid the city of Tollan Tula must have been. 图拉的盛世风华由巨人像可见一斑
The later Aztec people told of incredible Toltec treasures. 后来的阿兹特克人提过图拉的宝藏
These have long since disappeared, 然而早已风流云散
but a series of carvings gives an insight into their sinister beliefs. 连串石刻道出他们的诡秘信仰
I'm in the temple area at the base of the pyramid - 这是金字塔底部的神庙
- and there are amazing images on the wall. 墙上满布精致石刻
Jaguars, ferocious heads. 豹、恶形恶相的头脸
Over there, rattlesnakes devouring - human beings. 那边有响尾蛇吞噬人类
Skulls. Amazing. 头骨
But the mighty - Toltec empire disappeared 然而托尔特克帝国在12世纪末
in rather mysterious circumstances in the late 1 2th century. 离奇消失
It is said that its great king-priest was exiled. 据说其祭司国王流亡国外
He was associated with the great god Quetzalcoatl, the god of the Toltecs. 他与托尔特克人的羽蛇神颇有渊源
This god had a white face and a grey beard, always shown as that. 羽蛇神的形象总是白脸灰须
And it was said that one day he would return from the east to repossess this land. 传说终有一日由东方回来夺回领土
This god, of course, did return, but not quite as expected. 传说果然应验，只是来的不是神
A man did come from the east, white face, grey beard. 而是一个东方来的灰须白人
He was Cortez. 他叫科尔特斯
Cortez was a Spanish conqueror who arrived in 1 51 9. 科尔特斯是1519年来的西班牙人
By this time, the Aztecs were ruling Mexico. 当时由阿兹特克人统治墨西哥
Their emperor, Montezuma, mistook Cortez for Quetzalcoatl 国王蒙提祖马误会科氏是羽蛇神
and welcomed him as a saviour. 欣然欢迎这位救世主重临
This proved to be the downfall of Aztec civilisation. 谁知就此断送阿兹特克文明
The ancient culture of Central America was mercilessly destroyed. 中美洲古文化受无情摧残
The Spaniards laid waste to Aztec cities, 西班牙人把阿兹特克诸城变成废墟
Iooted their treasures and slaughtered the population. 掠夺其财宝，屠杀其民众
My journey now takes me to Mexico City, 我继续上路往墨西哥城
a sprawling metropolis of 22 million people. 一个人口2200万的大都会
It's here that the Spanish conquerors built their capital, 西班牙征服者在这儿建都
on the site of a great Aztec city. 原址是一个阿兹特克人城市
Mexico finally gained independence from Spain in 1821, 墨西哥终在1821年脱离西班牙独立
Ieaving the Catholic Church and a succession of dictators and emperors 留下天主教堂，还有连串独裁者
to fight for the soul of the nation. 为国家的灵魂奋战
In the 1920s, Mexico enjoyed a great renaissance in the arts, 1920年代，墨西哥艺术界
fired by the idealism of the political Left. 受左倾的理想主义刺激而复兴
From this was born my next treasure, 由此孕育出下一项宝藏
the first painting on my journey. 此行第一幅画作
However, its story doesn't start here, but thousands of miles away. 画作的故事要由几千里外说起
It's the story of two men who embody one of the great struggles of the 20th century, 两位主角参与20世纪一场重大斗争
between Capitalism and Communism. 资本主义和共产主义之争
In 1 933, the American tycoon Nelson Rockefeller 1933年，美国大亨洛克菲勒
commissioned the leftwing Mexican artist Diego Rivera 委托墨西哥左派画家里维拉
to paint a huge mural for his flagship office block in New York City. 替他在纽约市的商厦画巨型壁画
Rockefeller was so much offended by the content of the painting that he had it destroyed. 后洛克菲勒不满内容而毁灭壁画
But that wasn't the end of the story. The artist made sure of that. 但事情并未结束，画家不甘心
Rivera wanted to bring his murdered mural back to life, 里维拉要令被毁的壁画复活
and he achieved it here, in the Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico City. 他在墨西哥城的艺术宫内如愿以偿
This was painted in 1934. 壁画成于1934年
And this version - is called Man, Controller of the Universe. 这一幅名为《人类-宇宙主宰》
And we see in the centre of the picture, man, the worker, 中央的工人
using modern technology to look into the future, to control the future, 用现代科技前瞻未来，主宰未来
to select the world in which he wants to live. 选择他希望生活的世界
The painting - tells another story, is divided in half. 画分两半，合成另一个故事
It's the conflict of two world visions, 突显两套世界观的冲突
the conflict between - Communism and Capitalism. 共产主义和资本主义的冲突
Here on the left, between the wings, one sees a nightclub scene, a speakeasy. 左边在双翼之间是灯红酒绿夜总会
Men and women drinking martinis, I think. 男男女女在饮马天尼
Obviously this is the decadence of capitalism. 分明是描绘资本主义的堕落腐朽
There's a lovely little portrait here of Rockefeller. 混入了洛克菲勒的小肖像
Then there's a strange image indeed. 另有奇怪人像
The great sort of Roman or Greek statue looking down rather threateningly, 罗马式或希腊式石像凛然下望
and round its neck a crucifix. 颈间挂上十字架
This is a - a cry - for - for - for the - for the indigenous peoples of this land 是代土著和
and their ancient religions and culture. 其古老宗教文化的怒吼
And he obviously sees the church as a tool in the hands of the capitalists 视教会为资本家的工具
to oppress and suppress the spirit and the nature of the people, 压迫和钳制本地人的心灵和本性
the true ancient people of this land. 真正的本地古民族
Then in the centre a scene again from New York. 中间夹杂纽约街景
Police attacking workers. 警察攻击工人
And there's police on horses with batons thumping on their heads. 骑警挥动警棍向工人头颅打过去
A scene of skyscrapers. 背景为摩天大厦
Amazing image. Over here, though, we see the artist's ideal universe. 而这边则是画家的理想世界
This half of the painting is dedicated to the - the beauties, the benefits of Communism. 这一半刻划共产主义的美好
We see there one of the great powers of early Communism, Lenin, 共产主义早期的大人物列宁
holding hands with the workers. 与工人手相牵
At the top, workers marching together. 顶部有工人集体游行
Below them, the red flag being held by Marx and Trotsky. 下面马克斯和托洛茨基举起红旗
Trotsky a man that came to Mexico and that Rivera knew in the late 1930s. 托洛茨基1930年代末来墨西哥
So there we are an incredible powerful image of how things ought to be. 一个鲜明的理想国景象
But of course reflecting back with the perspective of history, 当然，现在回望历史
it has a certain sadness indeed absurdity really. 不无伤感，甚或荒诞
The whole vision offered up here has crumbled, 画中理想早已崩溃
and the evil world of Capitalism, which the artist here is doing his best to destroy, 画家尽情鞭打的资本主义邪恶世界
has flourished and gained new strength. 益发繁荣，势力日增
In a way, it's a sad document to a great aspiration not realised, 此画教人唏嘘，伟大理想终究落空
partly because of the weakness of the politicians who had the world in their hands, 一面慨叹操控世界的政客无能
and also sad because the artist himself 一面慨叹画家本人
proved to be a lesser man than the painting proclaims. 远不及画中理念那样崇高
Rivera's politics may have been socialist, 里维拉的政治思想可能偏向社会主义
but his way of life wasn't. 但他的生活方式可不然
He was intoxicated by the glamour of high living. 他爱沉醉于上流生活之中
I wonder what Rivera would make of modern Mexico, 我在想里维拉对现代墨西哥
where Capitalism has triumphed. 这个充满资本主义的国家会有何看法
He'd probably feel very much at home. 大概是有宾至如归的感觉吧
When I go for supper in the Plaza Garibaldi, 我来到加里波底广场晚膳
I'm immediately pounced on by dozens of mariachi singers. 即时被几十个墨西哥街头乐队突击
Tonight I'm going to be serenaded, 今晚不论我喜欢与否
whether I like it or not. 都会被情歌包围了
My ears take a battering from this strange cacophony. 古怪杂音一直在我耳边回荡着
I've been on the road for almost three weeks 我离家已有三个星期
and it's beginning to take its toll. 开始听到钟声了
The following day I head for another country, the most powerful on earth. 第二天我朝世上最强的国家进发
The flight across the stunning landscape of the south-western United States 飞机越过美国西南部高空
brings much-needed calm and respite. 带来了宁静和休息
The USA is a wonderfully curious creation. 美国是一个耐人寻味的国家
In little more than two centuries, this great melting pot of people 这个种族大熔炉在二百多年间
has achieved a powerful sense of identity and grown to world domination. 建立起重要地位，渐次称霸世界
In my short time here, I hope to dig beneath the surface 我希望在逗留期间拨开美国的表象
and through my treasures learn more about the way the United States, 通过我选的宝藏了解美国
the land of the free, views itself. 了解这个自由之邦如何看自己
My first treasure here is sure to offend some people, but it's arguably the single object 我选的首项美国宝藏或会惹人反感
which best defines the United States. 却道尽美国的本质
It's a dark, indeed a deadly treasure, 一件能置人于死地的宝藏
that enabled white Europeans to express their conviction 欧洲白人用它宣示信念：
that it was their manifest destiny to possess this land, 天注定他们拥有这片土地
and in the process suppress its indigenous peoples. 不惜为此镇压土著
To find it, I've come to Cortez in Colorado. 找到了，来到科罗拉多的科特斯
I have an appointment with Dale, alias William D. Foot 约见了戴尔，又名威廉D大脚
of the Windy Gap Regulators Gun Club. 风峡治安会枪会
Hi. 喂
- How you doing? - Very well. And 你好吗？ 很好
- Pleased to meet you. - Nice to meet you, Dale. 幸会 幸会
Here's my treasure. The 1 851 colt revolver. 我选中的是1851年科尔特左轮手枪
The 1 851 Navy Colt revolutionised gun design 1851科尔特左轮手枪革新手枪设计
and helped change the world. 由此改造世界
The Colt has a - a terrific beauty. A violent beauty, I suppose. 科尔特的美大概是暴力之美
There isn't another gun like them. 没有别的枪及得上它
It was the most popular of all of the hand guns during the Civil War. 是南北战争年间最普遍的手枪
And then after the Civil War a lot of the soldiers were able to keep their weapons, 战后许多士兵留下自己的佩枪
and they moved west with them and these guns made the journey west 这些人西迁，枪随人西移
and were a - a big part in taming the western frontier. 成为征西的要角
Interesting, of course, in - in American history, the gun has this very powerful role. 有意思，美国史上，枪械举足轻重
Almost as if - it's almost a symbol of - of freedom and independence, 近乎自由和独立的象征
going of course back to the Second Amendment, I suppose. 大慨是源自第二修正案
Every citizen has a right to bear arms to protect the freedom of their country. 公民都有持枪捍卫国家自由的权利
And of course that is very much an issue today, isn't it? 正是当前的切身议题，对不对？
So it's still very pertinent, there's a debate about the right to bear arms 大家争论机枪
- and the meaning of - of guns and all that. - Oh yes. 和枪的意义 对
What do you reckon guns mean now? In this - in this land? 你觉得如今枪械在美国有何意义？
There's - there's several different sayings about firearms and freedom. 有好几句话关于枪与自由
An armed man is a free man, 有枪的人是自由人
an unarmed man's a slave. 没枪的人是奴隶
And that's kind of the philosophy of people in this country for the most part, I think. 我想是大部份美国人的心态
We - we tend to appreciate our guns. 我们重视自己的枪械
We don't - we don't want to misuse them. 不会滥用
We don't - we don't go around shooting everyone we see, 不会见人便开枪
but we have the right to defend ourselves and to protect our home and our families. 但有权自卫，保护家园和家人
And guns are an integral part of that. 枪是不可分割的一部份
So Samuel Colt came up with the idea, invented the six shot cylinder. 科尔特于是创制出六弹弹筒
- The revolver, right. - Yeah, revolver. Six shots in - 转轮手枪 对
you know, without having to reload made it possible to do a lot of damage to an enemy. 连开六枪不必逐次上弹，杀伤力大
Oh definitely, yeah. 不用怀疑
It's a pioneering mass produced object with components which one could - 可以大量生产，由组件合成
- I suppose damaged components could be replaced, or indeed - Exactly. 组件受损，可以个别更换
A new cylinder dropped in. 甚至换新的弹筒 对
It has a extraordinary functional engineered beauty, 它散发奇特的功能之美
which also in some extraordinary way absolutely expresses its rather lethal power. 也流露其杀伤力
- Do you love them? - Oh yes. Yeah. 你爱它们？ 对
The 1 851 is my favourite of all the cap and ball revolvers. 左撞击式枪机左轮中最爱这一款
So - so have you - these - these are - are component objects, 这些是组件合成的枪
very much pieces of pioneering 1 9th century industrial design. 19世纪革命性的工业设计
- Right, easy to take apart. - Remove this pin. 对，很容易拆开 抽出撞针
- The pin's the key, isn't it? - It's called the wedge, by the way. 撞针是重点？ 它叫楔子
- The wedge. - That's right. That's right. 楔子 对
Slide the barrel assembly off. Slide the cylinder out. 退下枪管，退下弹筒
And those are your three main components. 是三大组件
Each object in itself is this pure industrial design of the highest order. 每一件都是一流的工业设计
Just a very classic, classic pistol. 手枪中的经典
- Do you think you want to fire one of these? - I think I do. All right. 有兴趣试开一下吗？ 有的
My finger on the trigger, 手指扣着扳机
get into a position which feels comfortable. I'm going to squeeze it now. 找一个舒适位置，现在扣动了
Good shot. 好枪法
- Thank you. - You got it. 过奖 一学便会
When you cock this time, just turn it sideways as you cock, 这次扣扳机时，把枪枝打侧
to keep that fired cap from falling down and blocking the cylinder motion. 火帽掉下来时不会妨碍弹筒转动
Yes, I'm with you. 好，明白
So I put my finger on the trigger. 手指扣着扳机
- Squeeze it. - Oh right. 用力扣动 好
It's a good smell, black powder. 好，火药味很醉人
- I love the smoke and smell. - I love the smell 我爱那股火药味 我也爱
of powder in the afternoon. 特别在下午
Keep your hand on your gun, 拿着你的手枪
don't you trust anyone. 别相信任何人
There's just one kind of man that you can trust, 但有种人你可以相信
that's a dead man, or a gringo like me. 那就是死人，又或是我这样的美国人
All right. 好
- Good job. - That was very enjoyable. Thank you. 表现蛮好 痛快之极，谢谢
I leave Dale feeling very uneasy. 跟戴尔告别后，心里有点忐忑
The Navy Colt is a fine and pioneering machine, 海军科尔特是开先河的精良工具
yet I feel guilty for admiring it 我欣赏它，却为之内疚
because of its role in winning the west for the white man 因为它辅助白人征西
and destroying the native American way of life. 摧毁了美国土著的生活方式
I've always been fascinated by the early history of North America, 我对北美先民历史的素有兴趣
so for my next treasure I stay in Colorado 所以留在科罗拉多寻访下一项宝藏
but step back in time. 但要回到过去
Deep in the canyons of the Rocky Mountains 在洛矶山脉峡谷深处
Iies the most important ancient site in the United States. 有美国最重要的古遗迹
Its very existence is a riddle. 它的由来是个谜
It was created by mysterious people who disappeared 建造它的神秘民族已无迹可寻
without trace long before Europeans set foot on the Americas. 在欧洲人踏足美洲前已经消失
When it was discovered by two cowboys a century ago, 一个世纪前由两名牛仔发现后
Mesa Verde rewrote the history of the west. 弗德台地马上重写了西部历史
It showed that native Americans in this region had lived in well-built, 反映区内的美国土著有巩固房屋
organised and permanent urban communities. 社区有组织，俨如城镇
Within Mesa Verde are concealed the remains of a mysterious people 弗德台地是一个神秘民族的遗迹
who flourished here about a thousand years ago. 一千年前在此繁衍过
So little is known about them beyond the fact that they were great builders. 对他们所知不多，只知建筑术出色
They constructed for themselves essentially urban communities. 建造了城市雏型
And what one gets here is this incredible sense of their at-oneness, 让人感受到
I suppose, with the world in which they live. 他们与环境融为一体
This organic building. 这是有机建筑
So who were these remarkable people? 这个优秀民族是什么人？
The answer is, we really don't know. 我们真的不知道
Sometimes they're called the Anasazi, 有时给唤作阿纳萨齐
but that's simply the Navajo name for 'the ancient ones'. 那只是纳瓦霍语，意思是“古人”
The fact is, they've disappeared from history, 他们由历史上消声匿迹
Ieaving behind this haunting imagery, 空余惹人遐想的景物
these beautifully constructed buildings. 一些构造精良的建筑物
Little is known about the spiritual beliefs of the Anasazi. 我们对阿纳萨齐的精神信仰了解不多
What we do know has been gleaned 而得来的资料
from intriguing underground ruins known as kivas. 都是来自称为大地穴的地下遗迹
Most have now lost their roofs. 它们大部份都已没有屋顶
Ah now, this is a very good example of a kiva. 这是大地穴的好例子
A circular subterranean room, 里面有一个圆形的地下密室
where the family would gather as if for prayers, 全家人就会在这里祈祷
to tell tales. 或者说故事
And on the floor are two holes. 而地下有两个洞
The bigger hole, fireplace. 大一点的是壁炉
The smaller hole is a (sipapu) 小一点的是灵源点
That is, a symbolic connection 是与地下世界
to the underworld, to their place of origin. 亦即是他们起源的地方相连的象征物
They're returning to their place of creation, into the womb. 他们要返回创造的地方，回到子宫
This small town, known as Cliff Palace, 这小城叫悬崖宫殿
has 23 kivas, 有23个大地穴
about 220 rooms, 总共有220个房间
and was home to around 250 people. 居住了大约250人
Here clearly is the front door. 这里是前门
A step. 一步梯级
Set of steps going up. 可以向上走的
A small tapering entrance through 大概是这里的居民
which these people would have passed. 会用到的细长入口
See if I can get in here. 且看我是否能够进去看看
I suppose this is the right approach. 我猜这方法是可行的
Leg over. Ah, yes. 举高脚，可以了！
Oh. 噢！
Astonishing. 很震撼！
This is where a family, I suppose, 我猜这大概是一家人
would have lived, slept after a hard day's toil 经过一天平顶山田野辛劳的工作后
in the fields above on the mesa. 居住和睡觉的地方
They'd come down here. 他们就会来这里
Another door. 还有另一道门
Ah! 呀！
Good god. Absolutely amazing. 天！很惊人
Up here there are wall paintings. 这地方居然会有油画摆设
If these people are, as some people think, Toltecs who came up here 有人认为，这里的特奥蒂瓦坎人
from Central America 来自中美洲
and then went back they'd have seen, they'd have remembered, 那么他们大概会看过或记得…
these great pyramidal structures 这些金字塔图案
would have been part of their landscape, 曾在他们的家乡出现
their experience from centuries past. 但那已是一百年前的事
Incredible. 难以置信
Being in here, one connects so directly 身处这里，能与这群神秘
with this mysterious and lost people. 而又迷失的人连上关系
In the days of the Anasazi, 在阿纳萨齐的时代
the only way to reach the fields on top 要踏足山顶上的田野
was by climbing the steep cliffs using footholds 就得运用石隙间的立脚点
cut in the rock. 爬上这些悬崖
They must have had the agility of mountain goats. 他们必需拥有石山羊的敏捷身手
I soon give up and resort to ladders, 不久我就放弃这行径
which are treacherous enough. 改而选用危险十足的梯子
As I explore, it soon becomes clear that Cliff Palace, 愈发探索，愈清楚悬崖宫殿
one of many small communities and homesteads built into the Rockies. 原来就是建于洛矶山脉的家园
I can't help reflecting on the fate of the indigenous peoples 我想起几千年前
of the Americas stretching back thousands of years. 美国土著的命运
They were very sophisticated and very admirable, 他们的生活既复杂又令人羡慕
particularly in their relationship with nature. 特别是他们与大自然的联系
They respected the world in which they lived. 他们尊重居住的世界
They recycled. 他们懂得循环再用
They worked with nature, not against it. 懂得与自然合作，不抗衡
They didn't obliterate the environment. 并不会忘掉大自然的恩赐
We can learn from this. 这都是我们应当学习的
From one of America's earliest-known towns, 从美国最早期的城市
I travel 1 700 miles 起程往1700里外
to the most powerful place on earth. 地球上最强的地方
Washington DC 这是美国民主的发源地-
is the home of United States democracy, 华盛顿特区
and the capital of the world 是世界上既有名
in everything but name. 又有影响力的首都
The United States proclaims high ideals of equality, liberty and justice, 美国是为拥公平，自由和公义的国家
but can be overbearing 但要达至目标
in the pursuit of its goals. 亦难免有所行动
In Washington's imposing neoclassical builders, 华盛顿强增新古典主义建筑
power brokers deliberate 有权力的经纪
over the fate of nations. 决定了整个国家的命运
But none of these, not even the White House, 但以上种种，甚至连白宫
is my treasure. 都并不列入我的珍宝之一
Instead I've chosen a building which is, in my view, 而我更选了一座在我眼中
a much more potent symbol of nationhood and independence. 更能代表对国家状态和独立的建筑
It lies about a hundred miles south-west of Washington, 它位于华盛顿西南一百里
in the small Virginian town of Charlottesville. 位于弗吉尼亚小镇夏洛茨维尔
Monticello was designed and built in the late 18th century 蒙蒂塞洛于18世纪末
by America's third president and 由美国第三任总统设计和建造
one its most revered founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson. 他也是位极尊崇的建国元老杰斐逊
He drafted the Declaration of lndependence, 他起草独立宣言
which proclaimed that all men are equal 宣称人人平等
and laid down man's right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. 确立生存、自由和追求幸福的权利
His home is not huge, 他的故居地方不大
but it reveals more about the early history of the United States than any other building. 体现的美国早期历史却非比寻常
Monticello's a declaration of independence, American independence, in bricks and mortar. 蒙蒂塞洛乃砖石砌的美国独立宣言
It's an affirmation of national identity, a symbol for the new nation. 确立国家身份，象征一个新国家
Thomas Jefferson wanted to create a new architecture for this new land, 杰斐逊在新天地创造新建筑
an architecture which summed up the aspirations of the people. 概括人民的理想抱负
And he did this by fusing different architectures - 于是糅合了不同建筑风格：
Italian Renaissance architecture - 意大利文艺复兴建筑
- English 1 8th century architecture, 18世纪英国建筑
and above all, French 1 8th century architecture. 为首是18世纪法国建筑
All these architectural styles were classical, 几种都是古典风格
and in the late 1 8th century classicism has a very particular meaning. 在18世纪末，古典主义别有深意
In newly-born republican France, 在新诞生的法国共和国内
it had come to stand for revolution 它代表革命
and the ideals of equality, liberty and fraternity. 平等、自由和博爱的理想
Those great inspirational moments when people are free of the tyranny of kings and princes, 人民摆脱君王暴政
free to express themselves as individuals, 自由表达自我的时刻振奋人心
and that is what this building is meant to represent. 也就是这座建筑所要传达的理想
Now, the entrance hall, like the exterior, 门廊跟外面一样
has a very particular and powerful meaning. 有特殊含义
A meaning to do with the new nation of the United States. 与新生的美国有关
Jefferson called this his lndian hall, 杰斐逊唤之“印第安厅”
because he embellished it with lndian artefacts along 摆放了印第安工艺
with other artefacts and objects from this great new promised land - 还有这片希望之乡的其他物品
to make it clear that it had a unique very powerful individual identity. 赋予它鲜明的独立身份
As you walk around, it's clear how much Jefferson was inspired by European culture. 布置反映杰斐逊受欧洲文化影响
But Monticello is more compact and practical than grand and ostentatious. 精巧实用，不尚虚华富丽
And also on the ground floor Jefferson's own private world. 地下是杰斐逊的私人天地
He wanted to make this house convenient and comfortable as well as a political statement. 他要家居方便舒适，配合政治立场
And so here he has this bed alcove. 这是他的寝室
So he gets into bed this side. 在这边上床
So morning cock crows, up comes Jefferson - 天明鸡啼，杰斐逊起来
and steps straight into his study. 下床便是书房
Practical chap, can get on with his scientific experiment, 实际的人，马上投入科学实验
and all the time one sees emerging in this house this new nation, 这房子和这新国家
with all its power, with all its complexity, 大权在握，国事错综复杂
with all its contradictions of course. 当然包含许多矛盾
Monticello with its 5,000 acre estate 蒙蒂塞洛有五千英亩庄园
offers an idyllic vision of the New World. 像新世界一片田园乐土
A green and plentiful Arcadia. 绿油油的世外桃源
But it has dark secrets that lie at the heart of the Great American Dream. 谁知美国梦隐藏黑暗秘密
Despite his fine liberal pronouncements, 杰斐逊言论开明
Jefferson supported the forcible removal of native American tribes from their land, 却支持驱赶美国土著离开原居地
and exploited slave labour on his plantations at Monticello. 又在蒙蒂塞洛种植园内剥削奴隶
When he died in 1809, 杰斐逊1809年过世
Jefferson chose his beloved Monticello for his final resting place. 选择以蒙蒂塞洛为最后安息地
The memorial bears testament to his proudest achievements, 纪念碑刻有他最骄人的成就
including the Declaration of lndependence and the statue establishing religious freedom. 包括独立宣言和宗教自由的法令
So those are great things, admirable things. 那些是教人景仰的伟大成就
But of course there are other sides to the man. He was a paradox. 但这位名人有许多面，是个矛盾
Even after he'd written the words that all men are created equal, 写下人生而平等之句后
he kept slaves to serve his needs. 继续用奴隶服侍自己
And I suppose in a way, one can say he was a victim of the age, 也许他也是时代的受害者
despite his vision he was very much a man of the late 1 8th century. 虽有理想，终归是18世纪末人
He liked the common man, but at a distance. 他爱平民，但要保持距离
And in a way, the paradoxes, the flaws in his character, 这些矛盾，这些性格缺点
are the flaws and paradoxes in the very nation which was involved in creating - 也是这个国家的矛盾和缺点
a nation dedicated to freedom, to vision, to the expression of individual rights. 一个追求自由、理想和人权的国家
Jefferson is revered as a hero by many Americans, 许多美国人奉杰斐逊为伟人
but not all, as I find out when I talk to Ben Thomas, 但有例外，班托马斯就有异议
who served as a marine corps sergeant in Vietnam. 他在越战期间当海军陆战队中士
Well, I'll say, I'll say that he was a brilliant man. 我同意他是人中之杰
But I also said that he helped write the Declaration of lndependence 他有份草拟独立宣言
which said all men was created equal. 宣告人生而平等
He forgot the clause they should have had in there, 'except black'. 却忘记补充“黑人例外”
Because at that time he owned five thousand slaves, when he wrote it. 他草拟宣言时拥有五千名黑奴
Jefferson is said to have fathered an illegitimate child 传闻杰斐逊有一名私生子
with one of his slaves, Sally Hemmings. 母亲是黑奴萨莉亨明斯
I asked Ben what he thinks about that. 我问班对此有何看法
There was an engineer out at the airport - 机场有一名工程师
and one day we was talking about Sally Hemmings and Thomas Jefferson, 那天我们谈及杰斐逊和萨莉亨明斯
and President Clinton and Lewinsky. 还有克林顿总统和莱温斯基
So he said, 'oh, they're both the same, they're both the same.' 他说：他们都一样，他们都一样
So I said, 'l - I beg your pardon, my good man.' 我说：恕我不能苟同
I said, 'the women that slept with Clinton did it because they wanted to, 跟克林顿睡的女人甘心情愿
the women that slept with Thomas Jefferson had to because he owned them.' 跟杰斐逊睡的女人是服从主子
That gentleman never spoke to me from that day until this very day. 那位工程师那天起再不理睬我
He never spoke to me again. 至今再没跟我说话
So it seems the contradictions and the broken promises of the American Dream 看来美国梦的矛盾与失落
can be traced right back to Jefferson. 可上溯至杰斐逊
By the time I reached Washington station, 我来到华盛顿车站时
I hadn't slept for nearly 40 hours and I'm weary beyond words. 已近40小时没有睡，累得无法形容
The constant travelling and long hours are catching up with me. 长时间的旅途奔波，体力不支
But if there's one place which can reinvigorate me, it's my next port of call. 但下一个目的地可以让我恢复精力
New York is one of the world's greatest and most vibrant cities. 纽约是一个朝气勃勃的大都会
I arrive at my hotel after midnight. 我午夜后入住酒店
My spirits perk up as I look out over the Queensborough bridge. 远望昆斯伯勒大桥马上精神抖擞
I love this city. It feeds the body and the soul. 我爱纽约，这个城市滋养身心
I'm off to see a treasure 我来参观的宝藏
that represents the aspirations, the pride, the claims, the hopes of a nation, 代表美国理想、尊严、主张和希望
a symbol recognised around the world. 一个举世认同的象征
I want to see if it lives up to its reputation. 且看它是否名实相符
The Statue of Liberty is one of the world's most famous icons. 自由神像是举世知名的标记
Behind its kitsch image lie powerful truths. 庸俗外表下是不朽真理
Like Jefferson's Monticello, 好比杰斐逊的蒙蒂塞洛
it embodies so much of what is admirable and what is troubling about the United States. 体现美国可敬和可虑的一面
She stands 47 metres high, hollow 自由神像身高47米，中空
and inside is a spiral staircase, 内有螺旋梯
and the idea was from the start that people would go up the staircase 原意是让人拾级而上
and go into a viewing platform, just within - within her crown. Terrific. 上达皇冠内的观景台
- And this in front of me is the door, 入口就在眼前
the public door leading to the viewing platform. 这是通往观景台的大门
But as you can see, it's closed. 大家看见了，大门紧闭
And there are crowds of people here all wanting to get up. 外面群众都希望上去
It's been closed since the attack of 9/1 1 on the World Trade Centre Tower, 但911，那边世贸中心遇袭后
the twin towers just over there. 大门长关
Sadly, there are no plans to reopen the spectacular staircase offering this terrific 可惜的是尚未有计划重开楼梯
and tremendous view from the image of liberty over the great city of New York. 再让人由自由神像欣赏纽约市美景
If this is to be a symbol of freedom and liberty, then it has to be just that. 若是做自由象征，就得自由到底
The power to say, 'we are a free country - 要敢于说：我们是自由国家
and we will operate as we intend this symbol to represent.' 本着雕像象征的精神运作下去
But no, alas, it's closed down. 可惜事实不然，它关闭了
Terror has won 恐怖主义得胜
and the internal world of the statue is denied me and everybody else. 我与其他人都无缘深入自由神像
Bad. 不应该
It's a far cry from the spirit in which it was conceived in 1 865. 实在违背了1865年立像的精神
A gift from France to the United States, 自由神像是由法国赠送给美国
the statue was to celebrate the final abolition of slavery and the centenary of independence. 庆祝美国废除奴隶制和独立一百年
The statue was designed by the sculptor, August Bartholdi 自由神像由雕塑家巴托尔迪
and the engineer Gustave Eiffel. 联同工程师埃菲尔设计
They built the colossus out of sheet copper beaten 用铜片打造成形
and moulded over a steel and iron skeleton. 罩在钢铁支架上造像
It was prefabricated in France in sections 在法国预制组件
before being shipped to New York for assembly. 运来纽约装嵌
It was supposed to be the great symbol of freedom, 原是自由象征
but from day one was dogged by controversy. 但立像第一天便触发争议
Suffragettes protested that if Liberty were a woman, 自由神像是女子，妇权份子质问：
why do women have so few rights in America? 为何美国女性的权利寥寥可数？
I suppose most troubling of all 我想最可悲者
is the fact that when the statue was unveiled eventually in October 1886, 是自由神像于1886年10月揭幕时
things had changed very radically for the worst in America. 美国的自由急剧恶化
Draconian new immigration laws were brought in, 美国引入严苛的新移民法例
keeping out the sick and the poor, 不欢迎病弱、穷人
criminals, dissidents and Chinese labourers. 罪犯、异见份子和中国劳工
People fleeing oppression and poverty were given the briefest glimpse of liberty 逃避镇压和贫苦的人
as they arrived at Ellis lsland in the shadow of the statue. 在埃利斯岛对自由神像惊鸿一瞥
Their dreams were cruelly crushed as they were turned away, 随即梦想粉碎，被拒入境
often with families torn apart. 往往一家人给硬生生拆散
Many did not make it back to their homelands alive. 许多命丧还乡路上
I find the statue so enthralling because it embodies the paradox of America. 神像正好包罗了美国的矛盾
She's certainly a very ingenious construction. Very elegant actually. 它构造精妙，形态优雅
And of course she's one of this big family of colossal figures dating back to antiquity: 与古往今来许多巨像一脉相承
the Colossus of Rhodes or many of those great images around the world. 罗得斯岛巨像以降的伟大雕像
I've seen one already in Rio, Christ the Redeemer. 包括里约热内卢的基督像
And she's certainly more handsome. 自由神像当然更加俊美
I'm seeing her for what she is. 我看的是自由神像的本貌
And she is a thing of beauty, if flawed, if there are many contradictions, 它代表美，只是有瑕疵有矛盾
which there are. 不容否认
What liberty? What liberty now? 自由何在？如今自由何在？
But nevertheless, as an ideal, as an aspiration 无论如何，它代表的理想与抱负
she is sublime. 确是至高无上
In 1886 the Statue of Liberty must have seemed like a giant. 自由神像在1886年必定是硕大无朋
All that was soon to change. 但它很快要退位
The 20th century heralded an ambitious new age for America, 美国在20世纪迈进雄心勃勃新时代
one which is encapsulated by my next treasure. 我下一项宝藏正好表现这年代
When you think of the great modern cities, you picture a towering skyline. 想到现代城市，自然想到摩天大楼
This brave new world started in New York and Chicago 这个勇敢新世界在百多年前
more than a century ago. 始见于纽约和芝加哥
Manhattan was to become the world's first vertical metropolis, 曼哈顿是全球首个向高空发展都会
a showcase for the engineering miracle called the skyscraper. 是工程学奇迹摩天大厦的展览场
The Statue of Liberty aspired to the American Dream, 自由神像启发美国梦
but the skyscraper delivered it. 摩天大厦实践美国梦
It has become the great symbol of commerce and Capitalism. 成为商业世界与资本主义的象征
My next treasure is a skyscraper. 我选的宝藏是一楝摩天大厦
My challenge is choosing one. There are so many contenders. 候选作品林立，选起来费煞思量
The Flatiron Building is the best of New York's early skyscrapers. 熨斗大厦是早期摩天大厦代表作
Completed in 1 902 to designs of D. H. Burnham, 由伯纳姆设计，1902年落成
it has a pioneering steel frame construction, 是钢架建筑的先驱
but outside it's clad in stone and made to look rather like an extruded ltalianate palazzo. 外铺石墙，像压扁了的意大利宫殿
Rather charming, also rather odd. 相当迷人，标奇立异
But it's not my treasure. 但我选中的宝藏不是它
For many, the Chrysler building 许多人把佳士拿大厦
embodies the golden age of the skyscraper, 奉为摩天大厦黄金时代的杰作
when art deco was the style of choice for the image-conscious magnates of Manhattan. 当时装饰艺术派在曼哈顿风行一时
The Empire State building and the Chrysler building, 帝国大厦和佳士拿大厦
both completed in the late 1920s, 均是落成于1920年代后期
are icons of skyscraper design. 是摩天大厦设计的典范
They are technically superb, both with massive steel frames, 建造技术卓越的大型钢架建筑
constructed very, very quickly indeed, 建造时间极短
yet over this modern steel frame there is still a veneer of history. 但现代钢架依然披上历史外衣
They still pay homage to the past. 向古代致敬
The Chrysler even with gargoyles. 佳士拿大厦甚至有怪兽状滴水
They are superb but they're not my treasures. 它们都是杰作，但并非我选的宝藏
In fact, this is my treasure. 这一楝才是我心中之选
It's not the tallest at only 39 stories high, 它并非最高，只有39层
nor is it the oldest. It dates from the unfashionable '50s. 也不是最老，是1950年代作品
Yet I adore the Seagram building. 可我就欣赏西格拉姆大厦
Now many people will be surprised, even shocked that 许多人很讶异我会选上它
I've chosen this rather than the Flatiron building, the Chrysler building - 却舍弃熨斗大厦或佳士拿大厦
or the Empire State building. 或帝国大厦
But for me, this is where those buildings were leading. 然而我认为它是后三者的延续
This is a quintessence of skyscraper commercial design. 它集合了摩天大厦商业设计的精髓
An amazing object. 了不起的设计
It's an honest, ruthless, elegant expression - 风格坦率、直接而优雅
- of its means of construction, materials of construction, and of its use. 表现建筑方式、建材和其运用
The Seagram building was designed by 西格拉姆大厦的设计者
the German architect Ludovic Mies van der Rohe, 是德国建筑师密斯范德罗厄
who emigrated to the United States in 1937. 他在1937年移民到美国
Mies preached simplicity and clarity, but he did not stint on costs. 密斯崇尚简洁，但不惜工本
His masterpiece has specially-tinted glass to reduce glare 用特制的有色玻璃减少强光
and its steel frame was clad on the outside with bronze. 另钢架包铜
This made the Seagram, per square metre, the most expensive skyscraper of its time. 以平方米计，是当时最昂贵的大厦
The building is set in its own small square, 大厦位处小广场内
to give it maximum light and unlimited views. 光线充足，景观无阻
Unlike traditional New York skyscrapers, which rose up from the pavement's edge 传统的纽约摩天大厦建在行人路旁
to form dark, canyon-like streets. 令街头暗黑，宛如峡谷
Although the building doesn't have any obvious 大厦表面看不出
or superficial references to past historical styles of architecture, 古建筑风尚
Mies was deeply influenced by architectural history, 其实密斯深受建筑史影响
particularly by the rational constructional systems of Greece and Rome. 特别是希腊和罗马的理性建构
He loved columns supporting entablatures, vertical and horizontal. 爱用柱承梁的横直组合
And you get that here, on the entrance. His columns, this great horizontal element above. 大门立柱，上面是横向元素
And the curtain walling, which is this glass skin over the steel frames inside. 玻璃幕墙包着钢架
Very rational. 非常理性
Simply curtain wall is like a curtain wrapped round the structural frame - 幕墙是薕幕，包围着架构
not structural itself, simply hung there. 不属于构造，只是轻轻挂着
Incredible detailing. 细节丰富
I love these little steel l-section columns that brace up the whole curtain wall there. 工字柱支撑整幅幕墙
Now inside. 再看里面
The entrance hall. Absolutely fascinating. Very revealing. 入口大堂已尽现风格
This is bold simplicity, very vocal simplicity. 简洁得干脆，简洁得彻底
Mies said, 'less is more.' And this is it. 密斯说过：简单就是丰富
Just beauty coming from the simplest of forms. 美来自最简单的形态
He got to the essence of things, stripped back, inspired by history, 他直取事物精髓，往历史取灵感
but he wanted to get to the central qualities of history. 但要挖出历史的核心质素
He loved classical proportions, golden section, 他欣赏古典比例、黄金分割
root two, two to one proportion. 二的开方，二比一比例
Those things he believed would give power and memory to the most simple of spaces. 认为可赋予最简单空间力量和印象
And here we see it in his entrance hall. 在这个大堂可见一斑
A powerful space achieved simply by proportion. 纯以比例营造强而有力空间
No obvious overlay of grandeur or history. I love it. 没有表面的华贵或历史
One, two, three, four simple lift doors, punched in the wall, 墙上开一、二、三、四道升降机门
but of a beautiful proportion with incredibly simple detailing. 完美的比例，出色的简单细节
That's what it's about. Power through simplicity. Less is more. 用简单营造力量，简单就是丰富
God in the detail. 细节的主宰
38.
38th floor. Astonishing lift. 38楼，升降机同样设计出色
This dates apparently from 1958, when the building was complete. Incredible. 1958年大厦落成时沿用至今
Oh my goodness, extraordinary dazzle pattern, 老天，这些图案叫人目眩
but here we see Mies' sort of high tech. 密斯用了高科技
This is almost 50 years old, this interior, 升降机内部是近50年前的设计
and it's so modern, pioneering, cutting edge, still. 却依然有走在时代尖端的感觉
That's the thing, when you get to the essence of things it's timeless isn't it? 大抵事物精髓是永不过时的吧？
Beautiful detail here. Everything's thought out and reduced to the functional essence. 细节精巧，锐意精简至功能至上
I love this, it's all steel and copper. Dramatic. 我好欣赏，钢铜相配
Peep into each floor. So here we go. 每上一层都发声，到了
Level 38, the top of the building more or less. 38楼，差不多是顶层了
The floor is currently unoccupied 这一层暂时空置
and it shows off the benefits of this type of building. 把这种大厦的优点表露无遗
Now, this is the great thing about metal framed buildings, they're very flexible. 金属架建筑的好处是灵活有弹性
All the loads are carried on columns and one can have partitions like this put in and moved around. 重量由柱承担，间隔随意变动
They're not structural. 无损结构
This one has a great, as I say, open plan. 这是开放式设计
Very good sort of thing for all sorts of different uses. 适合五花八门的用途
And ah, vindicated really. Light flooding in and terrific views out. 光线充足，外望无敌景观
The whole point, as I said before, 我刚才提过
of this sort of architecture with the curtain walling being entirely glazed, 这种玻璃幕墙设计
one has glass from floor to ceiling and no wall, 地下至天花整块玻璃，没有墙壁
because the - the structure is being carried on the columns back there, 因为重量由后面的柱承担
or the occasional columns, there's one over there. 或是那边的柱
So I say - here we go, the whole point of a building like this, 这类建筑的优点
Iight flooding in, terrific views out. 就是光线充足，景观开扬
The skyscraper reached its apogee in Manhattan. 摩天大厦在纽约达登峰造极境界
But somewhere along the line the bold and ethical vision of building cities in the skies 城市高空发展原是大胆正面的理想
has been lost and confused. 只是理想渐见迷失
Skyscrapers are part of a - an urban ideal, 摩天大厦是城市理想的一部份
part of a vision of a futuristic city of towers. 建构未来的大厦之都
They were meant to harness technology to help man, 原意是驾驭科技协助人类
they were to realise high rise housing giving working people light, 建高楼安置劳动人口
healthy area homes with a great prospect, 提供明亮、健康、有前景的住宅
or they're meant to provide commercial space in tight city centres. 或是在逼迫闹市提供商业用地
But the vision was betrayed. 无奈理想变质
The high rise housing became housing hells, terrible ghettos. 高楼大厦变成地狱窝居
And office blocks really became images of commercial greed. 商厦沦落为商界敛财的象征
So towers have become symbols of all that's wrong with modern urban living. 大厦成了都市生活弊端的象征
Most of my treasures in North America were born from worthy principles and high ideals 我选的北美宝藏无不源自崇高理念
and ended up being compromised. 到头来都变了质
And today this nation, conceived in the battle for liberty and democracy, 生于一场自由民主之战的美国
offers a divided world a stark choice: 现在向分歧世界提出苛刻要求：
accept the American way or face the consequences. 接受美国方式，不然后果自负