这个微小的南太平洋岛看起来不大像 This tiny South Pacific island may not look like much.
但它曾经是一座耸立在海上的山脉 But it was once a mountain that towered above the waves.
现在它仅仅是表面破碎了 Now it barely breaks the surface.
它依旧吸引着一大群野生动物 Yet still it attracts a spectacular array of wildlife.
有数千座岛屿就像这样 There are thousands of islands just like this
分散在太平洋各处 scattered across the Pacific,
都充满了生机盎然 and all are teeming with life.
为什么太平洋有这么多的山脉变成这样? So what has reduced the mountains of the Pacific to this?
海洋火山
几乎有7哩深 Almost seven miles deep,
太平洋是地球上最深的海域 the Pacific is the deepest body of water on the planet.
有时 But sometimes,
海床会冲到海面 the seabed shoots to the surface.
目睹自然界最珍贵的景象... Behold one of nature's rarest sights...
(MUFFLED EXPLOSION)
(STEAM HISSES)
一座新岛产生了 ..the creation of a new island.
在所罗门群岛的卡瓦察 This is Kavachi in the Solomon Islands...
是世界上海底火山最活跃的地方之一 ..one of the most active undersea volcanoes in the world.
(MUFFLED EXPLOSION)
(HISSING)
在过去的100年里 卡瓦察出现在海面上只是近年来的事 In the last 100 years, Kavachi has emerged above the waves just a handful of times,
迄今为止没有结果 but so far to no avail.
强烈的海浪把它的成就散发出去 Powerful waves keep sweeping its efforts away.
这是从空中所看到的太平洋一道景色 This is a view of the Pacific as seen from space...
广褒的海洋几乎覆盖了地球三分之一的表面 a vast expanse of water that covers almost a third of the Earth's surface.
今天 这里的广阔海洋只有1%是陆地 Today, only 1% of this vast ocean is land,
很大程度上归功于像卡瓦察那样的火山爆发威力的存在 and much of it owes its existence to the explosive powers
of volcanoes like Kavachi.
赤道以北1500哩 1,500 miles north of the equator,
或许是世界上最有名的火山群岛 perhaps the most famous group of volcanic islands in the world...
夏威夷... Hawaii...
仍然是地球上火山最活跃的地区 ..still one of the most volcanically active areas on Earth.
这是基拉韦厄 And this is Kilauea.
像所有火山 它探伸到地球的最核心 Like all volcanoes, it's plumbed into the very heart of the Earth...
发源地有许多炽热的愤怒的岩石 home to a lot of hot, angry rock.
从海床下面60哩升起来 Rising from 60 miles below the ocean's floor,
这熔岩不停地流了25年 this lava has flowed nonstop for 25 years.
(GLOOPING)
在低坡上 On the lower slopes,
熔岩移动速度每小时不少于100米 the lava travels at less than 100 metres an hour,
稍许暴露出它那令人可畏的力量 betraying little of its awesome power.
(CREAKING AND SPLINTERING)
没有东西能存活 Nothing can survive
就像阴燃的毯子 this smouldering blanket.
外层冷酷了 As the crust cools,
它依旧被下方流动的熔岩运送着 it is lifted by the lava still flowing beneath it.
前进是毫不留情且无法预测 The advance is relentless and unpredictable,
毫无征兆的改变方向 changing direction without notice.
(FIRE CRACKLES)
这里的路常被熔岩冲走 Roads here are regularly swept away
有些路如今已被埋在35米的岩石下面 and some are now buried under 35 metres of rock.
在过去20年间 In the last 20 years,
超过200个家庭被基拉韦厄 火山熔岩流毁掉 more than 200 homes have been destroyed by Kilauea's flow.
它不会在这停止 And it doesn't stop here.
(ROARING)
独特的岩石河投下峭壁 Rivers of liquid rock plunge over the cliffs
流入水下 and into the water below.
(HISSING)
这是自然力量之间交锋的前线 This is the front line in a battle between the elements.
(WAVES WHOOSH AND STEAM HISSES)
多数熔岩在定下来之前一直不停地移动 Most of the lava is swept away before it can settle.
一寸又一寸 岛在成长 But inch by inch, the island grows.
(MUFFLED CLATTERING)
海浪下面 交锋猛烈 Below the waves, the battle rages on.
(SMASHING)
熔岩碰上海水时 它燃烧在1000度以上 As the lava hits the water, it's burning at over 1,000 degrees Celsius.
(SHATTERING)
深处的寒冷洋流使其温度骤降 Cold currents from the deep send its temperature plummeting,
释放蒸发伴随着爆炸结果 releasing steam with explosive consequences.
(EXPLOSION AND SHATTERING)
熔岩继续战斗 The lava fights on,
但交火只一会功夫就结束了 but it's only a matter of time before its fire goes out.
(EXPLOSIONS)
喧闹引起了注意 The commotion attracts attention.
但它要安全逗留在这还要一些时间 But it will be some time before it's safe to settle here.
大量流进海里 Pouring into the sea,
25年以来夏威夷熔岩几乎锻造了2.5平方公里的新陆地 Hawaii's lava has forged almost 2.5 square kilometres of new land
in less than 25 years.
它是冷又硬的岩石 It's cold, hard rock...
凄凉 危险 贫瘠 bleak, threatening and barren.
但这里有些开拓者并没有放弃 But there are some colonisers who just won't be put off.
桃金娘花 原产植物 夏威夷标志 'Ohi'a lehua, a native plant and symbol of Hawaii, is among the first
在新土地上率先茂盛起来 to flourish on this new land.
这种细长的灌木能长到30米高 This spindly bush will grow into a 30m-tall tree,
它鲜艳的花朵是各种鸟类的食物 its bright flowers food for a variety of birds,
像这些夏威夷蜜匍匐植物 like these Hawaiian honey creepers.
一粒种子究竟怎么在无土 But how on earth can a seed become a tree
无淡水痕迹的地方长成大树的? In a place where there is no soil and no sign of fresh water?
桃金娘花长长的坚韧根部穿过缝隙 The long, tenacious roots of the 'ohi'a
桃金娘花长长的坚韧根部穿过缝隙 wend their way through the cracks
深入岩石深处寻找淡水和养分 and penetrate deep into the rock in search of trapped water and nutrients.
探索把它们带往神奇的地下世界 Their quest leads them to a remarkable, subterranean world.
(DRIPPING WATER ECHOES)
曾经有熔岩流正好这里奔流而过 Once, a raging torrent of lava flowed right through here.
当熔岩停止时 它就会留下... When it stopped, this was all that remained...
熔岩管 ..a lava tube...
乌黑 ..pitch black,
常年潮湿 constantly damp...
非常冷 and very cold.
(DRIPS ECHO)
在这严酷之地有什么东西能生存么？ Can anything survive in this harsh world?
令人惊讶地 是的 Amazingly, yes.
细菌斑呈线状分布在墙上 Patches of bacteria line the walls, feeding on the minerals
依靠火山岩石上的矿物为生 in the volcanic rock itself.
但不全是这样 But that's not all.
这是小眼睛大眼睛捕猎蜘蛛 This is the small-eyed big-eyed hunting spider...
一个稀奇的蜘蛛名 a curious name for any spider,
更不用说没一只眼有作用的 let alone one whose eyes barely function.
但在完全黑的环境中有眼睛也无用处 But in total darkness, eyes are little use.
虽然它看不见东西 但它会招待客人 Although he can't see it, the spider has company.
稀有的蟋蟀爬上了岩石 Rare crickets scale the rocks...
有时半透明的地蜈蚣和 ..while translucent earwigs
乳色的千足虫在搜寻食物 and milky millipedes forage for food.
它们是洞穴专家 These are cave specialists,
或叫洞生动物 or troglobites,
一生从未离开过熔岩管 and they never leave the lava tube.
随着时间过去 大部分都会失去眼睛和颜色 Over time, most have lost their eyes and colour...
像这只植物加料斗 ..like this plant hopper.
它的尾部有个奇怪的功能 Its tail has a curious function.
任何掠食者从后面咬它都会没事 Any predator biting it from behind will be left with nothing
但一口刺激的 蜡质般的毛发 but a mouthful of irritating, waxy hair.
这个地方静得可怕 This is a place of ghostly stillness...
这对于小眼睛大眼睛的捕猎蜘蛛来说 肯定有利 a definite advantage for the small-eyed big-eyed hunting spider.
因为它有超级敏感的腿毛 With its super-sensitive leg hairs,
它能捕捉到最细微的空气震动 it can pick up the slightest movement in the air...
它很早就感觉到蟋蟀的存在 在它靠近前有足够时间埋伏 ..and it senses the cricket's presence long before it's close enough to ambush.
猎物是稀少的 As prey are few and far between,
也许上一顿吃已有一段时间了 this may be its last meal for some time.
因为没有光 植物稀少 With no light and little vegetation,
只有行家能在这生存 only the specialists survive here.
但这不是所有熔岩管的情况 But that isn't the case for all lava tubes.
夏威夷东南部座落着横跨赤道的 加拉帕戈斯群岛 Southeast of Hawaii, straddling the equator, lie the Galpagos Islands.
同样在夏威夷 有些火山仍然很活跃 As on Hawaii, some of the volcanoes here are still very active.
(WHOOSHING)
最大的岛屿伊莎贝拉海岸线 The coastline of Isabela - the largest island...
覆盖着火山石 is covered in volcanic rock.
在这里的熔岩管里发现 一种非常不同的动物 Here a very different kind of animal can be found in the rocky tubes.
(CHEEPING)
加拉帕戈斯企鹅的幼雏 The chicks of Galpagos penguins.
没有熔岩管它们就生存不了 Without the lava tubes, they wouldn't survive.
凉爽又安全 熔岩管是完美的育儿所 Cool and sheltered, the tubes are the perfect nursery, protecting the chicks
保护幼雏免遭外面极端气温 from the unforgiving temperatures outside.
如果你是企鹅 这就是严酷 Unforgiving if you're a penguin, that is.
成年加拉帕戈斯企鹅能应付的事 幼雏却不行 Adult Galpagos penguins only cope by doing something the chicks can't yet do.
它们要泡一泡 They take a dip.
成年企鹅跳入从南极一路而来的寒冷海水里 The adults plunge into cool waters
成年企鹅跳入从南极一路而来的寒冷海水里 that have travelled all the way from the Antarctic.
谁说企鹅不会飞？ Who says penguins can't fly?
这里有许多食物 大量的鱼群受到这里的 There's lots of food here, as schools of fish
岩石组成的火山海岸的吸引 are drawn to the shelter of these rocky, volcanic shores.
但父母外出捕鱼时... But while the parents are out fishing...
它们的幼雏只能独自在家 ..their chicks are home alone.
回到熔岩管 Back in the lava tube,
有东西在附近爬行 there's something creeping around.
一只白纹方蟹在打企鹅的主意 A Sally Lightfoot crab has penguin on its mind.
(CHEEPING)
黑暗中蟹无法确信它面对的是什么 It's dark, so the crab can't be sure exactly what it's up against.
(CHEEP)
(CHEEPING)
这时它更多的是凭借触感 This time, it's taken on more than it can handle.
这种遭遇要是早几天的话 Had the encounter been just a few days earlier,
结果可能完全不同 the outcome might have been very different.
蟹是幼企鹅的主要掠食者 Crabs are major predators of baby penguins.
西方的远处 在所罗门群岛生活着 Far to the west, in the Solomon Islands, lives an animal
一种依靠火山另一特性生存的动物 that depends on another characteristic of volcanoes for its survival.
高温 Heat.
(BURBLING)
看到冢雉 也叫恒温箱鸟 Meet the megapode, also known as the incubator bird.
冢雉非常卖力地寻找产蛋的完美地点 Megapodes work hard to find the perfect spot to lay their egg.
要感谢岛上的火山喷泉 And thanks to this island's volcanic springs,
地点只在沙下1,2英尺 that spot is just a foot or two below the sand,
那里的温度是理想的33度 where the temperature is an ideal 33 degrees.
但有些似乎并不热衷挖掘而是其它的... But some megapodes don't seem as keen to dig as others...
有时会导致冲突 ..and this can sometimes lead to fights.
(SQUAWKING)
争端终于平息 胜利者产下了蛋 With the dispute finally settled, the victor lays an egg
然后用沙覆盖 and covers it with sand.
养育结束 Parenting over,
冢雉把费时的孵化工作 the megapode leaves the time-consuming job of incubation
留给了火山 to the volcano.
(CHIRRUPING)
当冢雉在火山高温中兴旺时 While the megapode thrives on a volcano's heat,
回到夏威夷 back in Hawaii,
这里的一个动物与兴旺恰恰相反 there's a creature that thrives on the exact opposite.
莫纳克亚山 This is Mauna Kea...
一座休眠的火山 夏威夷最高的山 ..a dormant volcano and Hawaii's tallest mountain.
难以相信这是座热带岛屿 山顶覆盖着雪 Incredibly for a tropical island, its peak is covered with snow.
很少能生存在如此寒冷的高度 Little can survive at such freezing heights.
臭虫不可能出现在这 Bugs blown up here don't stand a chance.
昏厥或受困于雪中 它们缓慢地死去 Stunned or trapped in snow, they slowly die.
(ICE CREAKS STEALTHILY)
但不是每个东西都臣服于寒冷 But not everything succumbs to the cold.
这个微小的动物是万寇虫 These tiny creatures are wekiu bugs.
它们的细胞充满着一种特殊的防冻剂 Their cells are filled with a special kind of antifreeze
使它们能生存在雪线附近 that allows them to live around the snow line.
起初万寇虫以植物的种子为食 Originally, wekiu bugs were seed-eating vegetarians,
但它们的后代已经适应了这种恶劣环境 but their descendants have adapted to this hostile environment.
如今它们嗜血为生 Now with a taste for blood,
它们是太平洋本土吸血虫 they are the Pacific's own vampire bugs.
针般口器刺入已死或快要死的受害者中 Needle-sharp mouthparts pierce their dead and dying victims,
不吸到东西是不会离开的 before they suck out anything that's left inside.
从海床测量起 Measured from the sea floor,
万寇虫的家是世上最高的山 the wekiu's home is the tallest mountain in the world...
比珠穆朗玛峰还高约1公里 ..about a kilometre taller than Everest.
但它没有保持住记录 But it won't hold this record for ever.
成长了数百万年后 After millions of years of growth,
这座山以每百年20厘米的速度慢慢失去高度 this mountain is slowly but surely losing height
这座山以每百年20厘米的速度慢慢失去高度 at a rate of 20 centimetres every 100 years.
事实上 它绝大部分是扣在海床下面 In fact, it's so massive that it's buckling the seafloor beneath it
并下陷到海洋里 and sinking into the ocean.
莫纳克亚山在法属玻利尼西亚的 社会群岛上能依稀一瞥 Mauna Kea's future can be glimpsed in the Society Islands of French Polynesia.
这些岛的山峰曾经比海底要升的高得多 The peaks of these islands once rose much higher than this from the ocean floor.
自从火山从海洋中首次爆发以来几乎200万年 It's been almost two million years
自从火山从海洋中首次爆发以来几乎200万年 since their volcanoes first broke through the ocean.
侵蚀已洗刷掉火山本来的面貌 But erosion is washing away their volcanic cores.
如今唯一的增长发生在海平面下 Now the only growth occurs just below sea level,
在惜日山脉侧面斜坡上 on what was once the mountain's sloping flanks.
浅海围绕着岛屿的基部 In the shallow waters around an island's base,
珊瑚礁朝着海面升高 coral reefs rise towards the surface.
太平洋里的一切构成 Of all the formations in the Pacific,
这里暗礁中的生命尤为丰富 these reefs are by far the richest in life.
数百种不同的珊瑚 There are hundreds of different kinds of coral.
全由一种叫珊瑚虫的微小动物产生 And all are made up of millions of tiny creatures called polyps,
彼此都覆盖着坚硬的骨架 each covered in a hard skeleton.
暗礁是数千专家的家 Reefs are home to thousands of specialists...
像这些淡绿连鳍唇鱼与周围的 雄鹿角珊瑚很协调 ..like these razorfish that blend in to the staghorn coral around them.
不只是这里的动物与环境协调 But not all animals here need to blend in.
灰礁鲨 Grey reef sharks.
暗礁的顶尖掠食者 这些鲨鱼在逆流中巡视海域 The reef's top predators, these sharks patrol the waters on strong currents.
没有生活在这里的一切 But without all the life on the reef here,
鲨鱼也不可能数量这么多 they could never exist in such numbers.
此刻它们无所事事 They may be idle right now,
但它们不会这样子太久的 but they won't remain this way for long.
当夜晚降临... As night falls...
这是进食时间 it's feeding time.
颚针鱼潜近珊瑚浅海寻找食物 Needlefish stalk the coral shallows in search of food.
白天是掠食者 晚上成了猎物 Predators by day, at night they become the prey.
时速20哩加速逃离 Speeding away at 20mph,
颚针鱼让追赶的鲨鱼你争我抢 the needlefish give the chasing sharks a run for their money.
要从这么多鲨鱼中逃脱很难 But it's hard to escape from so many.
白天显露出另一种暗礁掠食者 Daylight reveals another reef predator.
长棘海星 Crown-of-thorns starfish...
珊瑚杀手 coral killers.
爬过它们的猎物 Climbing over their prey,
它们分泌消化液使珊瑚内部化为液体 they secrete digestive juices that turn the inside of the coral to liquid.
然后它们吸出其养分 Then they suck out the nutrients,
离开后什么也没留下 就像一个可怕的骨架 leaving nothing behind but a ghostly skeleton.
只需几天 它们能破坏大块的暗礁带 In only a few days, they can kill huge swathes of the reef.
幸亏珊瑚有个不讨人喜欢的盟友 Fortunately, coral has an unlikely ally...
大法螺 ..the Triton's trumpet.
相信还是不相信它 这名掠食者在徘徊 Believe it or not, this is a predator on the prowl...
这名杀手猛扑的动作只有加速 那时的时间才能显露 ..its killer pounce revealed only when time is speeded up.
一个不讨人喜欢的英雄 或许吧 An unlikely hero, perhaps.
但大法螺在这些长棘海星身上 有无法估量的控制 But the Triton's trumpet is an invaluable control on these starfish.
长棘海星不是唯一暗礁珊瑚的杀手 And the crown-of-thorns isn't the only coral killer on the reef.
头部凸起的隆头鱼有着锋利的嘴 The razor-sharp beaks of bumphead parrotfish
同样在削弱这生动的景致 also put a dent in this living landscape.
一条鱼在一年时间里难以置信地 啃掉5吨珊瑚 A single fish can chew its way through
a staggering five tonnes of coral a year.
比隆头鱼小些 色彩艳丽的隆头远亲 同样在啃珊瑚 Smaller parrotfish, colourful cousins of the bumphead, are also at it.
它们都有一点回报... But they all give a little back...
地上的珊瑚成了沙子 ..as the ground-up coral comes out as sand.
这是岛屿产生的另一种方法 This is island building of a different kind.
所以一些太平洋最优美的海滩 So some of the Pacific's most elegant beaches
并非出自名门 have sprung from a less than stylish birth.
海上的时间似乎停滞 Above the water, time seems to stand still.
但太平洋岛屿总是在变化中... But the Pacific islands are always changing...
即便是缓慢的 if slowly.
这是大溪地 This is Bora Bora...
有一座被称为“迟到的中年”火山 ..a volcano in what could be called "late middle age".
倾斜的侧坡滑到远处的海中 The sloping flanks have slipped further into the sea,
把暗礁推离了海岸 pushing the reef away from the shore.
一座浅湖形成了 A lagoon is formed.
一片片是露出海面的珊瑚礁和沙子 It's a patchwork of coral outcrops and sand.
受到周围海洋强浪的保护 Protected from the powerful waves of the surrounding ocean,
各种动物都在这片宁静的浅海里得到庇护 all kinds of animals take refuge in these calm, shallow waters.
有些从它们醒目的外表上得到宽心 Some take comfort in their bold appearance.
另一些在珊瑚里得到庇护 But others take shelter in the coral.
例如这些不爱动的 有个适当的名字 圣诞树管虫 Such as these sedentary and appropriately named Christmas tree worms,
从平缓的洋流中过滤食物 filtering food from the gentle currents.
对于大多数来说 整个一生都在珊瑚丛中度过 For many, entire lives are played out within the clumps of coral.
花斑连鳍 Mandarin fish.
它们中的一些居住在露岩 A dozen of them may inhabit one outcrop.
雄鱼总是在寻找雌鱼 Males are always on the hunt for a mate.
竞争是激烈的 And competition is fierce.
起初的争执是有礼貌地警告 Disputes start with a polite warning.
升起背鳍是后退的明确信号 The rising dorsal fin is a clear signal to back off.
有时攻击腹鳍是唯一的方法 But sometimes, going for the jugular is the only way.
战斗结束 到办正事的时候了 The fight over, it's time to get down to business.
产卵是短暂 Spawning is a brief affair.
然后卵就留给了宽容的水流 Then the eggs are left to the mercy of the current.
礁湖的生命依靠来自开阔海洋的 海水每日冲洗 Life in the lagoon depends on a daily flushing of water from the open ocean.
暗礁中天然缺口成了流经的通道 This flows in through channels formed by natural gaps in the reef.
每次潮汐更替 充满碎屑和养分的泥汤河 With each changing tide, a soupy river of debris and nutrients
从礁湖流到外面的大海里 flows out of the lagoon and into the blue.
吸引着各种各样的生命 This attracts all sorts of life.
一个定期访问通道的是轻缓滑行的蝠鲼 One regular visitor to the channels is the gently gliding manta ray.
过滤漂浮在洋流中的极小生物 It filters out minute creatures floating in the currents.
食物太多足够分配的 But there's more than enough to go around.
啮鱼群带头... Schools of snapper take the lead...
一大群红梅鲷做着残羹的扫尾工作 ..while a wall of fusiliers mops up the remains.
掠过南太平洋 Across the South Pacific,
时间不停地在岩石上施展着魔力 time continues to work its magic on rock.
数百万年的侵蚀和渗透已经将莫皮蒂火山 Millions of years of erosion and sinking have reduced
缩减成和小山冈差不多了 the volcanic mount of Maupiti to little more than a hill.
最终这个小山冈也会消失的 Eventually, this hill will disappear too.
到那时就会像这样... And when it does, it will look like this...
马太瓦 一座珊瑚环岛 ..Mataiva, a coral atoll.
升到海面上的珊瑚环岛暗礁包围着浅礁湖 Rising above the waves, a coral atoll's reef surrounds a shallow lagoon.
曾经强大的山峰如今只有了海水 Where there was once a mighty peak, now there is only water.
有数千座像马太瓦这样的珊瑚环岛 星罗棋布的点缀在南太平洋 There are thousands of atolls like Mataiva dotted around the South Pacific,
它们的规模和形状由起初的火山决定 their size and shape determined by the original volcano.
有些珊瑚环岛是圆的 它们的环形没有打破 Some atolls are round, their rings unbroken...
其余的已经被洋流和地震弄得弯曲走样了 ..while others have been bent out of shape
by ocean currents and earthquakes.
有几个跨径距离巨大 And a few span huge distances,
实际证明了火山曾经的 规模和力量实在巨大 a testament to volcanoes whose size and power were once truly colossal.
法属玻利尼西亚的朗伊罗阿 Rangiroa in French Polynesia.
超过30哩宽 Over 30 miles wide,
如果你漂浮在巨大的礁湖中心 its lagoon is so large that if you were floating in its centre,
你看不到任何方向有陆地 you wouldn't see land in any direction.
南太平洋中岛屿产生的故事 The story of land building in the South Pacific
始于火山爆发 may start with volcanic eruptions...
但并不会这里结束 ..but it doesn't end there.
这里曾经有一座形成岛屿的火山 但它沉回水下了 A volcano once formed an island here, but it sank back below the surface.
如今它又再次上升 Now it's on the rise again.
这是奇特的金曼礁 This is the extraordinary Kingman Reef.
离最近的大陆超过3000哩 Over 3,000 miles from the nearest continent,
这是世上留下最后的原始 状态的珊瑚礁之一 it is one of the last pristine coral reefs left in the world.
这里的旅游和捕鱼是禁止的 As tourism and fishing are banned here,
在人类到达之前 the reef is about as close as you'll get
暗礁就比你接触太平洋要近得多 to the Pacific as it used to be, before humans arrived.
这里发现的200种珊瑚中什么使金曼成为特别的角色 Part of what makes Kingman extraordinary
这里发现的200种珊瑚中什么使金曼成为特别的角色 is the 200 types of coral found here.
别的东西也同样 But there's also something else.
它有助产生暗礁 And it's helping to build the reef.
大蛤 Giant clams...
到处都是 everywhere.
比你地球上其它地方看到的多得多 More than you'll see on any other reef in the world.
当大蛤产卵时 它们向海水释放数百万颗卵 When giant clams spawn, they expel millions of eggs into the water.
要是一个开始了其它全部快速跟进 And when one starts, all the others quickly follow.
海中如云般的充斥着生命 The sea soon turns cloudy... with life.
大蛤能存活50年以上 Giant clams can live for over 50 years.
他们的死亡是金曼礁产生的关键 But it's their death that is crucial to the creation of land in Kingman Reef.
这里有几百米的珊瑚碎石和死去的蛤 These few hundred metres of coral rubble and dead clams
成为海面以上金曼唯一看点 are the only visible signs of Kingman above the water...
为过往的航行者提供一个 休息停留的地方 ..providing a valuable rest stop to passing voyagers.
最终 被洋流和鸟类带来的种子 Eventually, seeds brought by ocean currents and birds
将使这里变成一个新岛 will turn it into a new island.
一旦草木扎根 野生动物来临也不远了 And once vegetation is established,
wildlife is never far behind.
善于长途旅行的白燕鸥用岛跃的方式 Being good long-distance travellers,
从这到法属玻利尼西亚 fairy terns island-hopped their way here to French Polynesia.
这些蓝色的长尾吸蜜鹦鹉的祖先 The ancestors of these blue lorikeets, however,
是被最早的玻利尼西亚人带来的 were brought here by some of the earliest Polynesians.
这里被称作最后的蜜月终点 It could be described as the ultimate honeymoon destination.
虽然这些海岸外的海域并不 总是太吸引人的 Though the waters off these shores don't always appear too inviting.
黑边鳍真鲨已经适应了在这种 不足一英尺深的水里游泳 Blacktip sharks have adapted to swim in less than a foot of water.
它们来到浅滩是为了捕食小型鱼类 They come to these shallows to hunt for smaller fish.
像金曼礁 岛的火山自从消失后 Like Kingman Reef, all signs of these islands' volcanic past
所有痕迹消失已久 have long since disappeared.
但要是没有它 陆地也不会在这里开始 But without it, land could never have got started here.
在太平洋西面 In the very west of the Pacific, however,
火山有个帮手 volcanoes have had a helping hand.
帕劳群岛 蜜克罗尼西亚的明珠 Palau - the jewel of Micronesia.
由于太平洋有许多岛屿 其中的火山山峰依旧存在的 As with many islands in the Pacific, its volcanic peaks still linger on.
海岸的远处是另一个熟悉的景致 Beyond their shores are other familiar scenes...
堤礁 ..barrier reefs...
小型的珊瑚环礁 ..and small coral atolls.
但这里 有些东西是不一样 But here, there's something different.
帕劳的暗礁从深处升起 The reefs of Palau have risen from the deep
不像金曼那么慢，但出奇不意 not slowly, like Kingman, but suddenly.
3500万年前 强大的地震迫使它们高高的伸出海面 35 million years ago, powerful earthquakes forced them high above the waves.
帕劳的岩岛诞生了 And Palau's rock islands were created.
有些高达200米以上 Some are up to 200 metres tall.
暴露的峭壁如今露出岩石真正的起源 Exposed cliffs now reveal their rock's true origins.
这是石灰岩 由压碎的珊瑚和古老的贝壳产生 It's limestone, created by crushed coral and ancient shells.
自从地震后 这里发生了另一个大变化 Since those earthquakes, there's been another big change here.
在最后冰川期的尾声 At the end of the last ice age,
这片景致的巨大领域淹没在冰雪融化中 large areas of this landscape became flooded as the ice melted.
在这个过程中 超过70个海湖产生 In the process, over 70 marine lakes were created.
与外面的世界隔断 Cut off from the outside world,
这些湖产生了一些独特的动物 these lakes produced some unique animals.
其中之一是带长触手的海洋掠食者 One of these was an ocean predator with long tentacles.
在这里它进化成了一个 无害的优雅的漫游者 But here, it evolved into a harmless, graceful wanderer.
水母通常以小鱼为食 Jellyfish normally feed on small fish.
但在湖里 猎物稀少 But in the lakes, there was little prey.
所以它们的钟形物成了数百万微小的 光合海藻的家 So their bells have become a home to millions of tiny photosynthesising algae.
暴露在太阳中的这些海藻会产生糖分 When exposed to sunlight, these algae produce sugars,
转而提供给它们的主人作为食物 which in turn provide their hosts, the jellyfish, with food.
如今，每天水母跟随着太阳在湖里穿梭 Now, each day, the jellyfish migrate across the lake,
如今，每天水母跟随着太阳在湖里穿梭 following the arc of the sun.
它们唯一的妨碍就是在游荡时偶尔银莲花会试图捕获它们 Their only obstacle, the occasional anemone that tries to catch them
as they float past.
有时会失败 And sometimes fails.
因为危险很少而食物无限供应 So with little danger, and a never-ending supply of food,
因而水母成倍... the jellyfish have multiplied...
成倍... ..and multiplied...
成倍...增长 ..and multiplied.
让人难以想到帕劳曾经是一望无际的海洋 It's strange to think that Palau was once just a piece of endless ocean.
但没有什么能到永远 But nothing lasts for ever.
在太平洋里不停地上升和下降的陆地 The never-ending rise and fall of land in the Pacific
将不断地产生像这里奇异而精彩的世界 will continue to produce strange and wonderful worlds like these.
这一切的起源都是起初产生这里陆地的那股惊人的自然力量 At the start of it all will always be the incredible natural force
这一切的起源都是起初产生这里陆地的那股惊人的自然力量 that created land here in the first place...
海洋火山 ..the ocean volcano.
制作这系列片期间 During the making of this series,
小组横跨南太平洋拍摄了许多偏远的地方 the team filmed in many remote locations across the South Pacific.
这些与世隔绝的岛屿是一些 真正独特的野生动物的家园 These isolated islands are home to some truly unique wildlife,
有许多在地球上其它地方找不到 many of them found nowhere else on Earth.
生活在偏远岛屿是要付出代价的 But life on remote islands comes at a price.
任何的改变都是灾难性的 Any change can be disastrous.
这是小组来加拉帕戈斯群岛要面对面的事 And this is what the team came face to face with on the Galpagos Islands.
加拉帕戈斯群岛相当的特别 The Galpagos are very special.
当然这些火山岛让达尔文受到启发 It was of course these volcanic islands that inspired Darwin.
这里存在世界上其它地方所没有的惊人的动物种群数量 And here, there are an astounding number of creatures
这里存在世界上其它地方所没有的惊人的动物种群数量 that exist nowhere else in the world.
特有的动物之一是加拉帕戈斯企鹅 One of these unique animals is the Galpagos penguin.
为什么小组想要拍这 This is what the team wanted to film.
近来它们的生存变得前途未卜 Recently, their survival has become increasingly uncertain.
小组知道这会使拍摄十分困难 And the crew knew this could make filming very difficult.
幸亏摄影师非常熟悉加拉帕戈斯 Fortunately, the cameramen had close ties with the Galpagos.
理查德·维勒肯姆作为野生动物向导 在加拉帕戈斯工作多年 Richard Wollocombe worked as a wildlife guide on Galpagos for several years.
(THEY SPEAK IN SPANISH)
他知道企鹅的问题 He was aware of the penguins' problems,
所以这次拍摄行程想趁机找出更多 so this filming trip was a chance to find out more.
具有讽刺的是 事实上岛民的喜爱也导致一些问题 Ironically, it's people's love of the islands
具有讽刺的是 事实上岛民的喜爱也导致一些问题 which has actually caused some of the problems.
来到加拉帕戈斯岛的游客大增是主要问题 The major problem is the big increase in the amount of tourists going to Galpagos
意味着服务行业将更多的产品 运到岛上提供给游客 has meant that the service industries who supply those tourists
have increased the amount of products going to the islands
这些产品非常损害物种引入的物种 and those products can contain very damaging species, introduce species,
对本地动植物群有巨大的有害影响 which can have huge detrimental impacts on the native flora and fauna.
理查德希望影片中有 加拉帕戈斯企鹅巢穴的镜头 Richard hoped to film inside the nests of Galpagos penguins.
这会容易么 没人知道 How easy this was going to be, nobody knew.
如今的企鹅群体数量不足2000只 Today's penguin population stands at less than 2,000,
比25年前少了许多 dramatically less than it was 25 years ago.
现在引入的物种给企鹅的生存 增加了额外的压力 Now introduced species are adding extra pressure to the lives of the penguins.
当理查德到达时 加拉帕戈斯当局 When Richard arrived, the Galpagos authorities
正加强他们的管理 were tightening their regulations, and the final filming permission
最终在国家公园的一次会见后 拍摄许可下达了 was down to a meeting with the National Park in person.
他们决定和我们的拍摄合作 They've decided to collaborate with our filming.
他们为我们即将的拍摄真得感到高兴 And they're really excited we're doing the filming
他们和我们合作是因为一些科学调查 because they can collaborate with us with some scientific investigations.
包括企鹅巢内的一些观察 Few observations had ever been made inside a penguin's nest,
拍摄揭露出企鹅的一些有趣的行为 so filming might reveal some interesting behaviour.
我感兴趣是因为我从未在 电视或视频上看到过 I'm fascinated because I've never seen it on television or video,
所以这是第一次 so it's a first.
不管怎样 拍摄还不能马上开始 However, filming couldn't start immediately.
首先理查德的设备要消毒并放入冷藏室 First, Richard's equipment had to be fumigated and placed in a freezer
为了杀死任何从飞机上带来活的 ...植物或动物 to kill off anything living - plant or animal - that was carried in on the plane.
很惊讶看到在这种工作中的奉献程度 It's so amazing to see the level of dedication going on here in this job.
他们非常仔细地检查我们的设备 They're going through our equipment with a fine-tooth comb,
完全拆开每样东西 taking absolutely everything apart
那怕是最细小的零件都注意 and looking at the finest details.
国家公园是有理由顾虑的 The National Park had cause to be concerned.
灾难几乎打垮伊莎贝拉岛 Disaster had nearly struck Isabela Island,
那里正是理查德要拍摄企鹅的地方 the very place Richard hoped to film the penguins.
起初引进的几只山羊成倍繁殖 变成惊人的10万只 Just a few introduced goats multiplied to a staggering 100,000.
它们不加区别地吃草 毁坏景致 Their indiscriminate grazing devastated the landscape,
毁掉了隐蔽地方和独特大陆龟的食物 destroying the shade and food of the unique giant tortoises.
有些事不得不这样做 Something had to be done.
厄瓜多尔政府发起一场战斗 The government of Ecuador took on the battle,
要根除每只山羊尽管困难 and, against all odds, managed to eradicate every goat.
(GUNSHOTS)
由于山羊的离去 景致立马恢复 With the goats gone, the landscape quickly recovered,
岛民珍贵的大陆龟增加了 and the population of the island's precious giant tortoises increased.
山羊的入侵没有影响企鹅 The goat invasion did not affect the penguins.
但企鹅有其它的压力 But the penguins have other pressures,
并不全是人为的 and not all man made.
加拉帕戈斯企鹅是世上最北面的企鹅 Galpagos penguins are the most northerly penguins in the world.
它们能生活在这是因为有 寒冷而富于养分的洋流 And they can only live here because of the cold, nutrient-rich current,
从南极一路漂来 供养着大片的鱼群... flowing all the way from the Antarctic, which supports huge shoals of fish...
企鹅的食物 penguin food.
只要水温轻微的变化 But just a small change in water temperature
就会彻底改变食物来源 can dramatically alter this food source.
这究竟怎么发生的 And that is exactly what happened.
1982年 有记录以来最强的厄尔尼诺打击了群岛 In 1982, the strongest ever recorded El Nio hit the islands.
厄尔尼诺是自然现象 El Nio, a natural phenomenon,
带来的暖水毁灭了大量的鱼群 brings warm waters which destroys the huge shoals of fish.
结果导致企鹅繁育失败 As a result, penguin breeding failed,
它们的数量骤降近70% and their population crashed by almost 70%.
这里！ Ahoy, there!
经过72小时的冷藏 理查德的拍片设备已通过检查 After 72 hours in the freezer, Richard's film equipment had passed inspection
他准备出发了 and he was ready to set off.
卡罗琳娜·拉雷亚·安格迈尔加入小组 He was joined by Carolina Larrea Angermeyer,
一位当地科学家同意带理查德 a local scientist who had agreed to take Richard
去她所知道的企鹅固定筑巢点 to a location where she knew penguins regularly nested.
到伊莎贝拉岛要16个小时 It would take 16 hours to reach Isabela Island.
他们希望找到躲藏在海岸线 There, they hoped to find the chicks
附近岩石缝中的幼企鹅 hidden in rocky crevices near the shoreline.
但搜寻一开始就没好进展 But the search didn't start well.
那是什么？ RICHARD: What's that?
一只死掉的企鹅 我看到那里不止2只 A dead penguin. I saw two more over there.
难道不是一只猫 或许 - Do you think it's a cat? - Probably.
我不能确信 因为这太久了 你看不到更多 I'm not sure because it's not very recent, so you cannot really see much of it.
这是翅膀 是的 这是翅膀 There's the wing there. Yeah, it's the wing there,
但身体其余部分 不能真正分辨因为... but the rest of the body, you cannot really tell because...
你能相信么？如果是一只猫就太沮丧 RICHARD: Man, can you believe that? It's pretty depressing if it was a cat.
加拉帕戈斯的忧虑之一 So this is one of the troubles in Galpagos,
是我们引入的那些不必演化 is that we have introduced mammals
抗争的哺乳动物 that these animals have not evolved to compete with.
搜寻继续 The search continued.
但他们根本没有找到任何企鹅的巢穴 But they didn't find any penguin nests at all.
我们仍必须检查许多其它巢穴 但... We still have to check a number of other nests, but, um...
我认为我们在这没机会看到企鹅幼雏 I don't think we'll get a chance to see penguin chicks here.
卡罗琳娜安装蚊子捕获器 Carolina set up mosquito traps, as there were also fears
害怕鸡瘟经蚊子传到岛上 that avian malaria may have reached the islands.
我们有点左右为难 We might have a bit of a dilemma,
因为我们期盼找到生命而不是死亡 because what we were expecting to find was life, not death.
我们期盼在巢穴里找到 We were expecting to find a new generation of penguins in their nests,
在父母照料下的企鹅新一代 um, being tended by their parents.
只是到处是死企鹅真得太失望了 And it was really a big disappointment to find just dead penguins everywhere.
加拉帕戈斯的旅游业以 每年10%的速度增长 Tourism is growing by 10% a year in the Galpagos,
以及人类带来的入侵物种 and with people come invading species.
不可能提供严格的薰蒸管理 It's impossible to apply the strict fumigation regulations
拍摄设备可以受到进口商 和贸易商的控制 the filming kit was subject to on the importers and traders.
其它南太平洋群岛 像夏威夷 进行着同样的战斗 Other South Pacific islands, like Hawaii, are fighting the same battle.
那里 估计每年有30个新物种到达 There, an estimated 30 new species arrive every year.
几天里理查德和卡罗琳娜 For several days, Richard and Carolina travelled around the islands
环行全岛搜寻企鹅巢穴 searching for penguin nests.
最终有了好消息 And at last, good news.
我们找到了二只二周大的小企鹅 像这么大 We have got two little babies, two-week-old chicks about this big,
被留在巢里 sitting abandoned on a nest.
目前父母外出捕鱼来确保幼雏能存活 Both parents are out feeding right now to try and ensure their survival.
我太高兴了 (LAUGHING) I'm so happy!
我真得放心了 我得说我... I'm really relieved, I have to say. I am...
Phew!
理查德马上工作将相机安在适当的位置 Richard worked quickly to get the camera in place,
他所有的努力得到回报了 and all his efforts were rewarded.
有很多是父母喂幼雏的镜头 A great view of an adult feeding the chicks.
在上方 一个意外的访客来到巢里 And to top that, an unexpected visitor to the nest.
理查德:幼雏根本不喜欢蟹 RICHARD: The chicks didn't like the crab at all.
只能说在巢穴里始终上演着 针锋相对的故事 Suffice it to say, there was a constant tit-for-tat going on in the nest.
蟹朝前走 企鹅就咬它 The crab would go forward and the penguins would bite it.
然后蟹退回到阴暗里 Then the crab would recede into the shadows.
整个过程真得有趣 但也相当的不祥 It was really interesting for a while. It looked quite ominous.
这太不寻常了 我认为这不... No, it's quite unusual, I think. I don't think that's...
在加拉帕戈斯肯定没人看到过 Certainly no-one in Galpagos has seen
在夜晚巢中发生着什么 what goes on in the nests at night-time.
所以这是非常新奇的 非常新 非常...精彩 So this is all very novel, very new and very, very exciting.