从表面上判断南太平洋仍是 一个健康的海洋 The South Pacific is, on the face of it, still a healthy ocean.
我们靠它维生 We depend on it.
世界60%的捕鱼量 Over 60% of the world's fish catch
来自太平洋 comes from the Pacific.
就像所有的海洋 But like all oceans,
它几乎没有受到保护 it has little or no protection,
因此它的健康可能持续不久 so it may not stay healthy much longer.
人们采取了什么措施来保护它的天然宝藏 So what's being done to preserve its natural treasures?
这个脆弱的天堂又会有一个怎样的未来呢 And what does the future hold for this fragile paradise?
脆弱的天堂
对于南太平洋来说这是生死关头的时期 For the South Pacific, this is a critical time.
要是不改变现状 不遏制下去 It's changing in ways that, if left unchecked,
可能会发展成全球危机 could develop into a global crisis.
有些定居者从前就经历过危机 Some of its residents have been through crisis before.
在上个世纪里大翅鲸被大肆捕猎 Humpback whales were hunted so relentlessly during the last century
它们的数量锐减了90% that their numbers crashed by 90%.
但是最近 它们的数量开始恢复 But recently, they've made a comeback,
从5,000只激增至60,000只 surging from 5,000 to 60,000 animals.
它们的鲸脂不再被熬作油 Their blubber is no longer boiled down for oil.
今天 迎接这些鲸鱼的船上装载的不是鱼叉 Today, these whales are greeted by boats loaded not with harpoons,
而是游客 but with tourists.
汤加的海域是世界上少数能够合法地 The waters of Tonga are one of the few places in the world
与这些大鱼直接面对面的地方之一 where it's legal to get in and meet the giants face to face.
有人称与鲸鱼对视是一种 Some claim that to look into the eye of a whale
人生改变的体验 is a life-changing experience.
1970年代 一场"拯救鲸鱼"运动 In the 1970s, a campaign to "Save the Whale"
成为全球的重大新闻 made the headlines around the world,
并达成了一项前所未有的协议 and led to an unprecedented agreement
来保护世界上仅存的鲸鱼 to protect what remained of the world's whales.
它证明全球的压力能解救处于 威胁之下的野生物种 It proved that global pressure CAN save wildlife that's under threat.
那么太平洋里的野生动物 现在面临什么样的威胁呢? So what are the current threats to wildlife in the Pacific?
全球暖化已经不是一个秘密 It's no secret that the world is getting warmer.
而当全球暖化导致海平面上升时 And the low-lying islands of the South Pacific are on the front line,
地势低的南太平洋岛屿首当其冲 as global warming causes sea levels to rise.
在太平洋岛国图瓦卢 On the Pacific island nation of Tuvalu,
没有一个地方高出海平面五米 nowhere is higher than five metres above sea level.
图瓦卢的九个环礁和岛屿是 12,000人的家园 Tuvalu's nine atolls and islands are home to 12,000 people.
他们对全球暖化影响极小 Their contribution to global warming is tiny,
但全球暖化对他们影响极大 but its impact on them is massive.
防波堤是这个国家的唯一防线 Sea walls are the nation's only defence,
但建筑更高的防波堤也可能是徒劳的 but building higher walls is likely to prove futile.
在大潮期间 During big spring tides,
海水直接透过地面冒上来 seawater simply bubbles up through the ground.
2006年 岛民经历了最高的大潮 In 2006, the islanders experienced their highest tides ever.
这些岛很快会变成无法居住 These islands could soon become uninhabitable.
海水正在破坏土壤和地下水 The seawater is poisoning the soil and groundwater.
最后 人们可能被迫从这些岛上撤走 Eventually, the islands may have to be evacuated.
这会是一次史无前例的迁移－ This would be an unprecedented move...
整个国家被重新安置 an entire nation relocated.
因此拜全球暖化所赐 So the ocean is threatening its islands,
大海正在威胁着它的岛屿 thanks to global warming.
即便如此 太平洋仍在减缓气候改变上 And yet, the Pacific is playing a massive part
扮演着重要角色 in slowing down climate change.
全世界的海洋吸收了工业排放到大气层中几乎一半的二氧化碳 The world's oceans have absorbed about half of all the carbon dioxide
全世界的海洋吸收了工业排放到大气层中几乎一半的二氧化碳 released so far into the atmosphere by industry,
显著地减少了温室效应 significantly reducing the greenhouse effect.
但这有个隐情... But there's a catch...
对于鱼类而言 水中额外的二氧化碳 for the fish, all that extra carbon dioxide in the water
会产生它们不希望的副作用 can have some unwanted side effects.
太平洋里所有的生命都依赖于 最微小的生物 All life in the Pacific is dependent on the tiniest of creatures...
在洋流里自由地飘浮的浮游生物 the plankton that floats freely in the currents.
其中最丰富的一种是海蝴蝶 One of the most plentiful is the sea butterfly,
一种极小的海洋蜗牛 用它增大的足 a tiny marine snail, which uses its enlarged foot
在水里"飞行" to "fly" through the water.
海蝴蝶是众多海洋生物非常重要的食物 Sea butterflies are such important food for so many marine animals
以至被称为"海里的薯条" they have been dubbed the "potato chips of the ocean".
但它们可能已经处在那些 额外的二氧化碳威胁之下 But they could be under threat from all that extra carbon dioxide.
溶解的二氧化碳慢慢地将水变得更酸性 Dissolved carbon dioxide is slowly turning the water more acidic,
使海蝴蝶更难形成它们的钙质贝壳 making it harder for sea butterflies to build their calcium shells.
游动的"薯片"的消失 The loss of these swimming "potato chips"
会往上影响食物链 would have repercussions right up the food chain.
全球有十亿的人口需要 And with a billion people around the world
靠鱼类提供他们所需的蛋白质 dependent on fish for their protein,
鱼的减少显然对人类来说 也是一个坏消息 fewer fish would clearly be bad news for people too.
当然 人们不需要烦恼 Of course, there's no need to worry
只要温室气体被控制住 IF the greenhouse gases are brought under control.
又或者? Or is there?
虽然石油的燃烧经常被视为 最大的环境威胁 Although the burning of fossil fuels
is often viewed as the biggest environmental threat,
在太平洋这里 却有更紧迫的 令人担心的事情 here in the Pacific, there are more pressing concerns.
鱼类可能早于气候变化的影响 得到实际控制之前就已经消失 The fish may disappear
long before the impact of climate change really takes hold.
一个生态学者领导小组最近预测 A leading group of ecologists recently predicted
仅40年内 海鲜就将会从 人们的菜单上消失 that in just 40 years, seafood will be off the menu.
问题的造成与捕渔有很大关联 The problem has a lot to do with fishing.
在斐济莫图里基岛的居民 正在为晚餐捕渔 In Fiji, the villagers of Moturiki Island are fishing for dinner.
使用一种传统的称为赶鱼的捕渔技术 Using a traditional fishing technique known as a fish drive,
他们合作将鱼从礁石中惊吓出来 they work together to scare the fish off the reef
并赶进一个更小的的围栏 and into an ever-smaller corral.
每一年 在太平洋岛屿周围的海岸水域 Each year, in coastal waters around the Pacific's islands,
维持生计的渔民要捕获大约80000吨鱼 subsistence fishermen catch around 80,000 tonnes of fish.
过去 海洋里总有足够多的鱼 In the past, there was always plenty more fish in the sea,
但是近来 渔获一直在减少 but recently, catches have been declining.
为什么会这样? Why should this be?
可能是更高效的捕捞设备 It could be that more efficient fishing gear,
例如新式尼龙网加上日益增加的岛屿人口 such as modern nylon nets coupled with growing island populations,
导致了过度捕捞 has led to over-fishing.
但是过量捕捞 But catching too many fish
可能并非现在鱼这么少的主要原因 may not be the main reason why there are now too few.
太平洋的沿岸鱼生活和繁殖 在最脆弱的栖息地 Pacific coastal fish live and breed in the most fragile of habitats...
珊瑚礁 coral reefs.
但是许多珊瑚礁被船只撞击破碎 But many reefs have been trampled on, smashed by boats,
甚至为了捕鱼而被炸开 and even dynamited in the quest for fish.
被破坏的珊瑚礁里生活的鱼更少了 And damaged reefs support fewer fish.
这可能是渔民捕获的鱼在减少的原因 This could be why the fishermen are catching less.
在斐济 生物学家正在与渔民合作 In Fiji, biologists are working with fishermen
通过重新种植珊瑚礁把鱼群带回来 to bring the fish back by replanting the reefs.
这是一个珊瑚苗圃 This is a coral nursery.
但在野生珊瑚都在奋斗求生的情况下 But with wild corals already struggling,
去哪里弄来这些珊瑚苗 where have these coral seedlings come from?
珊瑚园丁们监视着珊瑚礁 The coral gardeners monitor the reef,
找寻需要帮助的珊瑚 looking for corals that need a helping hand.
尽管是不动产 许多珊瑚还是 因拥挤而死掉 Despite all this real estate, many corals end up clustered together.
被排挤出来后 它们最终会死掉 Crowded out, they will eventually die,
因此园丁连根拔起它们 给其中一些提供空间 so the gardeners uproot them, creating more space for some,
并给被连根拔起的珊瑚一个新的开始 and giving the uprooted ones a fresh start.
每节珊瑚剪成十几指长 Each coral head is broken down into a dozen or more fingers
并逐个固定到水泥盘上 and each of these is tied onto a concrete disc.
正如每个园丁都知道的 旺盛的生长需要阳光 As every gardener knows, vigorous growth requires sunlight,
充足的营养和正确的温度 plenty of nutrients and the right temperature.
因此珊瑚园丁选择恰当的地点 So the coral gardeners choose just the spot.
六个月之内 这些珊瑚长出新枝条 Within six months, the corals are branching out.
它们在毗连的支架上被隔开 They're spaced out onto adjacent tables
移植一两年之后 它们可以收割了 and, a year or two after planting, they're ready for harvesting.
珊瑚枝再次被剪下 The coral heads are broken down once more.
在二年内 一小枝珊瑚 In the space of two years, a single finger of coral
生长了50倍或更多 has multiplied into 50 or more.
其中一些将会移栽到新的盘上 Some of these will be re-planted on fresh discs,
其他的则会被送回珊瑚礁 while others will be returned to the reef.
如果繁殖成功 珊瑚苗圃将有助于 If replicated, coral gardening could help
太平洋各处珊瑚礁的修复 restore reefs throughout the Pacific.
但它最大的成功 But its biggest success
或许是在当地的渔民中播下 保护珊瑚思想的种子 may be in sowing the seeds of conservation in the local fishermen.
几天之内 这些切条将附着在珊瑚礁上 Within days, these cuttings will have stuck themselves to the reef,
一年前移栽的珊瑚礁 while reefs that were replanted a year ago
已经开始开花 are already starting to bloom.
再过几年 这片区域就会充满鱼群 In a few more years, this area should be awash with fish.
因此当地人依赖的海岸捕渔是有希望的 So there's hope for coastal fisheries on which local people depend.
出到公海 又是另一回事 Out in the open ocean, it's another story.
这里没有保护措施 There is no protection here,
而且大多数的鱼正在这些地方被捕捞 and yet this is where most fish are now being caught.
这些可能看起来像米诺鱼 但其实它们是金枪鱼 These may look like minnows, but they are tuna,
每条重达二公斤以上 each a healthy two kilos or more.
有四种金枪鱼在热带太平洋被捕捞 Four different species are fished in the tropical Pacific.
这些是鲣鱼 These are skipjack tuna,
夹杂一些黄鳍金枪鱼 with some yellowfin tuna mixed in.
这艘船没有撒网 But this boat is not setting nets.
以竿和线钓鱼的远古技术 The ancient technique of fishing with rod and line
现在在工业上非常纯熟 is now practised on an industrial scale.
喷射水流从下方打碎船的轮廓 The water jets break up the outline of the boat from below,
并模拟出饵鱼受攻击时的噪音和骚动 and mimic the noise and commotion of baitfish when under attack.
同时 活的饵鱼被撒在船的周围 Meanwhile, live baitfish are strewn around the boat
以吸引金枪鱼 to keep the tuna interested.
看起来好像只为几条鱼大费周章 It may look like a lot of effort for a few fish,
但其实这种"杆和线"的 钓鱼技术惊人的高效 but this "pole and line" technique of fishing can be surprisingly effective.
捕渔出口如今在热带太平洋是大生意 Fishing for export is now big business in the tropical Pacific,
包括金枪鱼在内被捕捞的鱼 with tuna alone accounting for 30 times more fish
超过所有渔民为维生而捕捞的鱼30倍 than all the fish caught by subsistence fishermen.
商业化捕捞可持续吗？ So is commercial fishing sustainable?
鲣鱼是体型最小的 Skipjack are the smallest,
也是迄今太平洋中最丰富的金枪鱼类 and by far the most abundant tuna species in the Pacific.
它们只要一年就发育成熟 They reach maturity in just a year
然后在一个季节之内多次产卵 and then spawn many times within a season.
它们似乎很适宜捕捞 They seem to be the perfect catch,
因为它们的数量会持续恢复 as their numbers just keep bouncing back.
但并非所有的海洋生物都有 这样的恢复能力 But not all marine life is so resilient.
由于现代化的捕捞 Thanks to modern fishing,
一些太平洋最知名的动物深陷困境 some of the best-known animals of the Pacific are in deep trouble.
鲨鱼已经主宰了太平洋数百万年 Sharks have been top dog in the Pacific for millions of years.
它们控制其他鱼类的数量 They control the numbers of other fish,
因此在维持水下生态系统的 and so play a vital role
健康和多样性方面扮演着重要角色 in keeping the underwater ecosystem healthy and diverse.
在法属波利尼西亚 灰礁鲨聚集在一起 In French Polynesia, grey reef sharks gather.
而双髻鲨游弋在加拉帕戈斯群岛 While scalloped hammerheads patrol the Galapagos Islands,
这是少数几个有鲨鱼大量聚集的地点 these are rare hot spots where sharks converge in large numbers.
但是潜水者说这些鲨鱼 But divers claim this is just a fraction
只有他们过去看到的几分之一 of the number of sharks they used to see.
许多鲨鱼是海洋移栖动物 Many sharks are ocean migrants,
穿越数百英里寻找猎物 travelling hundreds of miles in search of prey,
比如长鳍真鲨 like the oceanic whitetip.
令人吃惊的是 它们可能曾经一度是 Amazingly, this may once have been
这个星球上数量最多的大型动物 the most abundant large animal on the planet.
但却成了被渔夫的钩和网毁灭的猎物 But it's fallen prey to fishermen's hooks and nets.
调查表明长鳍真鲨的数量 可能已经惊人地 Surveys suggest oceanic whitetips may have declined
锐减了99% by a staggering 99%.
如同美国大平原上野牛的消失 It's like the disappearance of bison from America's great plains,
只是这发生在过去短短50年里 yet it's only happened in the past 50 years,
而且几乎无人关注 and almost no-one has noticed.
难以置信地 自从工业化捕捞开始后 Incredibly, the world's oceans may have lost more than 90%
全世界的海洋损失了超过 90%的掠食性鱼类 of their large predatory fish since industrialised fishing began.
虎鲨仍在夏威夷的水域出现 Tiger sharks still turn up in Hawaiian waters,
被另外一种伟大的大海流浪者吸引至此 drawn here by another great ocean wanderer.
这些黑足信天翁是一个濒危物种 These black-footed albatross are certainly an endangered species,
但不是因为鲨鱼 but not because of the sharks.
每年有数以千计的成年黑足信天翁被鱼线所捕获 Thousands of adult black-footed albatross
每年有数以千计的成年黑足信天翁被鱼线所捕获 are caught each year on fishing lines.
事实上 全世界22种信天翁中的19种 In fact, 19 of the world's 22 species of albatross
正受到威胁或濒临灭绝 are endangered or vulnerable to extinction,
主要是由于捕渔 largely thanks to fishing.
Antipodean 又叫漂泊信天翁 The Antipodean, or wandering albatross
在新西兰附近水域安家 is found in the waters around New Zealand,
这是世界上种类最多的海鸟家园 home to the most diverse sea bird community in the world.
也是最富饶的捕渔场所 These are rich fishing grounds for fishermen too.
鸟儿知道只要哪里有渔夫 The birds know that where there are fishermen,
哪里就有免费的午餐 a free lunch is sure to follow.
这是如何给它们惹来麻烦的呢? So how does this get them into trouble?
凭着三米宽的翼展信天翁能够飞越 With a wingspan over three metres, an albatross is built to soar
大洋数千英里觅食 thousands of miles across the ocean in its quest for food.
因为它可能几天一无所获 As it might go for days with nothing,
由不得精挑细选 it can't afford to be choosy.
海面上的任何东西都要抢先到手 Anything near the surface is snapped up.
不幸地是船上渔夫投下的东西不是每一样都能吃的 Unfortunately, not everything a fisherman casts overboard
不幸地是船上渔夫投下的东西不是每一样都能吃的 is a healthy meal.
远在大海外面 一艘长线钓鱼船正在布线 Far out at sea, a long-line fishing vessel is setting its line.
长线钓鱼船尤其应该对 It's long-line vessels in particular that have been held responsible
信天翁数量的下降负责 for the decline of the albatross.
渔民在海面上放出一条30英里的长线 The fishermen pay out a line 30 miles long
渔民在海面上放出一条30英里的长线 across the surface of the ocean,
每隔几米 他们绑上一条副线 and every few metres, they attach a secondary line
上面有一个钩 用鱼或乌贼作饵 with a hook, baited with a fish or squid.
每个晚上 这艘船投放超过1,000个鱼钩 Every night, this vessel casts over 1,000 hooks,
而它只是穿梭于太平洋的 许多长线钓鱼船中的一艘 and it is just one of many long-liners plying the Pacific,
其中一些船的鱼线长达100英里 some with lines 100 miles long.
但是这个渔民清楚知道这对海鸟的威胁 But this fisherman is well aware of the threat to the sea birds,
和如何阻止它们吞下他的鱼钩 and to prevent them from swallowing his hooks,
他采用了对鸟类友善的钓鱼方法 he has adopted bird-friendly fishing methods.
这是为什么他在晚上 信天翁睡觉的时候布鱼线的原因 It's why he sets his lines at night, when the albatross are sleeping.
他放置的是"柱脚凸形圆盘线" And he deploys "tori lines".
这些简单的彩条带效果显著 These simple streamers are remarkably effective
将鸟吓离鱼钩 at scaring birds away from the hooks.
他还在钩住鱼饵之前融化它 He also thaws out his bait before hooking it,
因此它很快下沉不见 so it sinks out of sight quickly.
被他误捕的鸟事实上为零 His bird catch is now virtually zero.
这为捕捞他的目标大眼金枪鱼留下较多的鱼钩 This leaves more hooks free for his target species - bigeye tuna.
这些鱼很有力 体重超过100公斤 These are powerful fish, and can weigh well over 100 kilos.
可能看起来残忍 但最人性化的杀鱼方法 It may look brutal, but the most humane way to kill one quickly
是将它射杀 is to shoot it.
信天翁的未来仍安危未定 The future of the albatross still hangs in the balance.
在新西兰附近的鸟类正受益于一道法律 The birds around New Zealand are benefiting from a law that states
规定所有的长线渔船必须使用 对鸟类友善的捕渔法 all long-line fishing vessels must use bird-friendly methods.
但是信天翁是伟大的旅行者 But albatross are great travellers,
因此它们在南太平洋的其余 各处仍然处于险境 so they're still at risk throughout the rest of the South Pacific.
除非如果所有的渔船采取对 鸟类友善的技术 Only if all fishing vessels adopt the same bird-friendly techniques
信天翁的故事会不会... will the story of the albatross...
象鲸鱼那样...有一个幸福的结尾 like that of the whale - have a happy ending.
拯救的鲨鱼的道路没有如此平坦 Saving sharks is not so straightforward.
它们被捕捉并非偶然... They're not just caught accidentally...
它们的鳍很值钱 their fins are worth a fortune,
全因东方人喜欢喝鱼翅汤 thanks to an Oriental taste for shark-fin soup.
每年有超过七千万只鲨鱼被捕杀 Over 70 million sharks are killed every year,
在南太平洋的很多地方 割取鲨鱼鳍要么并不违反法律 many in the South Pacific, where shark-finning is neither outlawed
要么得不到有效管理 nor properly regulated.
这是一条大眼长尾鲨 This is a bigeye thresher,
一种几乎从未在野生环境被见到过的鲨鱼 a shark that's almost never been seen in the wild.
切割鲨鱼鳍是一种浪费 而且通常以残忍的方式 Shark-finning is a wasteful and often cruel practice,
可能最终打乱整个海洋生态的平衡 and one that may ultimately disrupt the balance of life in the ocean,
并被证实对其他海洋生物同样是 毁灭性的灾难 proving catastrophic for other marine life too.
那如何拯救鲨鱼? So how can sharks be saved?
在斐济的贝加湖 当地居民证明 In Bega Lagoon, in Fiji, the local people are proving
一条活着的鲨鱼比死掉的更有价值 that sharks can be more valuable alive than dead.
游客愿意为了与真实的活着的鲨鱼 进行一次相会而花大钱 Tourists will pay good money for an encounter with real, live sharks.
这是一片集体拥有的珊瑚礁 This is a community-owned reef
收入的一部分归当地的村民 and some of the money goes to the local villagers...
对禁止捕杀鲨鱼有很大激励 a big incentive not to kill the main attraction.
斐济人长久以来和鲨鱼关系密切 Fijians have long had an affinity with sharks.
他们的祖先崇拜一位鲨鱼神 Their ancestors worshipped a shark god,
他们相信他能保护他们免受伤害 who they believed kept them safe from harm.
他们会喂养鲨鱼 而不捕杀它们 They would feed sharks, not hunt them,
这些潜水者延续这一传统 and these divers continue the tradition.
首先来赴宴的是黄褐色的护士鲨 First to the feast are tawny nurse sharks.
但是这些鲨鱼是清道夫 But these sharks are scavengers.
游客们想要见到的是大型掠食者 It's the big predators the tourists want to see.
白真鲨 Bull sharks.
能长到三米半长 Growing up to three-and-a-half metres long,
这些鲨鱼是大海中的最高层掠食者之一 these sharks are one of the ocean's top predators,
因其富于攻击性而闻名 with an aggressive reputation.
首席喂鲨人 The chief shark feeder
来自于仍然内崇拜鲨鱼神的一个村庄 is from a village where the shark god is still worshiped.
因此他无所畏惧 So he has no fear.
一碗鱼翅汤能卖到超过100美元 A bowl of shark-fin soup can sell for over 100 dollars,
但在这里 每个游客花钱是为了 见到这些活着的鲨鱼 but here, each tourist pays that to see these sharks alive
潜水每星期进行几次 and dives take place several times each week.
为了保护鲨鱼 To protect the sharks,
这片珊瑚礁现在已经被宣布为海洋保护区 this reef has now been declared a marine reserve...
连带着其他的鱼类也得到了保护 ..with the added bonus that other fish are protected too.
在保护区设立以前 这片珊瑚礁的鱼曾被捕光了 Before the reserve was established, this reef had been fished-out.
那时甚至这般大小的金骨鱼也很稀少 Even a single giant trevally of this size was a rarity.
今天 潜水者受到特别的礼遇 Today, the divers are in for a special treat.
一只五米长的虎鲨 A five-metre tiger shark.
潜水员领队给它起名叫疤面人 The dive leaders have named her Scarface.
它一个月左右出现一次 She turns up once a month or so.
它很好奇 但不具攻击性 She's inquisitive, but not aggressive.
表演结束 The show's over.
潜水者度过了美好的一天 当地居民也得到了好处 The divers have had a great day, and local people benefit too.
鱼这么多 使得有一些进入到了 保护区外的水域 With so many fish, some spill over into the waters beyond the reserve,
在那里渔民们现在捕到的鱼 where fishermen now catch many more
要多于保护区设立之前 than they did before the reserve was set up.
海洋保护区显然起效了 Marine reserves clearly work.
那为什么不多设一些呢? So why aren't there more of them?
事实上 海洋保护区在保护野生生物方面 比陆地上落后数十年 In truth, marine protection is decades behind wildlife protection on land.
以新西兰群岛为例 Take the islands of New Zealand.
在耕种区之外是大自然可以 蓬勃发展的荒野 Beyond the farmed landscape are wild places where nature can flourish.
超过1/4的国土被留作 More than a quarter of the country is set aside
国家公园和其他的保护区 in national parks and other reserves.
相比之下 只有不足1%的 太平洋海域受保护 In contrast, less than 1% of the Pacific Ocean is protected.
相反地 它被划分为多个捕捞区 Instead, it is divided up into fishing zones.
每个岛国拥有在其海岸 200英里内捕渔的权利 Each island nation owns the fishing rights up to 200 miles offshore.
这些领海之外是所谓的"公海" Beyond these territorial waters are the so-called "high seas".
被各国海域所包围 Bounded by national waters,
西太平洋的公海口袋形水域 the high-seas pockets of the western Pacific
面积有五十万平方英里 cover half a million square miles.
周围的岛国希望这些"口袋" The surrounding island nations would like these pockets
被宣布为海洋保护区 to be declared marine reserves...
洄游鱼类觅食的安全避难所 safe havens where migratory fish can breed.
绿色和平组织正努力实现这一想法 The idea is being promoted by Greenpeace.
绿色和平组织因发起拯救鲸鱼运动而扬名 Greenpeace made their name campaigning to save the whales.
他们正在就人们关于太平洋鱼类 They're now responding to concerns
未来的担忧作出回应 about the future of the Pacific's fish.
他们现在所巡逻的"公海口袋" The high-seas pockets they're now patrolling
曾经一度自由捕渔 were once a fishing free-for-all.
虽然现在受国际条约约束 Although now regulated by international treaty,
这些地方还是极少被管制 they are rarely policed,
因此绿色和平组织自己 担任了监视者的角色 so Greenpeace have assigned a monitoring role to themselves.
这是埃斯佩兰萨号 This is the Esperanza...
绿色和平组织最大的一艘船 Greenpeace's largest vessel.
船员正在寻找捕渔活动的迹象 The crew are searching for any sign of fishing activity
但这是片广阔的区域 but it's a huge area.
出海两个星期之后 雷达上的信号显示 After two weeks at sea, a blip on the radar indicates
有一艘渔船在附近 a fishing vessel is near.
绿色和平组织想知道 Greenpeace want to discover
船是从哪里来的 和它捕获了什么 where the vessel is from and what it's been catching.
他们放出皮艇 They launch their inflatable boats.
虽然绿色和平组织会拍摄他们自己的活动 Although Greenpeace film their own activities,
我们仍在船上安排我们的摄影师 以确保对事件作没有偏见记录 we put our cameraman on board to ensure an unbiased record of events.
因为这是国际公海 任何的国家都能合法地在这里捕渔 As these are international waters, any nation can fish here legally,
很多国家都这么做 包括美国 and many do, including the US,
欧盟、日本和其他东亚国家 the European Union, Japan and other East Asian countries.
这是一艘巨大的台湾长线渔船 This is a large Taiwanese long-liner.
台湾拥有大型的捕渔船队 其中许多船 Taiwan has a large fishing fleet, with many vessels fishing
几乎专门在国际公海中捕渔 almost exclusively in international waters.
这次会面相当友善 The encounter turns out to be entirely amicable.
对渔民而言在公海上访客是罕有的 Visitors are rare for fishermen on the high seas,
而这些人不认为他们有什么需要隐瞒 and these men are not aware they have anything to hide.
绿色和平组织询问他们能否检查捕获物 Greenpeace ask if they can inspect the vessel's catch
渔民答应了他们的请求 and the fishermen oblige.
在一个冰库里 有数十条冷冻的鲨鱼 In a freezer, there are several dozen frozen sharks
但是有价值的部份被储存其他地方 but the valuable parts are being stored elsewhere.
鲨鱼鳍 你们会...? The shark fin, what do you...?
你们也在台湾出售它们吗？ 不 不 Do you sell them in Taiwan too? No, no.
在另外一个冰库里是十几麻袋的鱼翅 In another freezer are a dozen sacks of shark fins.
数百条鲨鱼身上的鳍 The fins from hundreds of sharks.
藉由证明这些捕捉 绿色和平组织希望强调 By documenting these catches, Greenpeace hope to highlight
为什么将这些公海口袋宣布 为海洋保护区是必须的 why it's necessary to declare these high-sea pockets marine reserves,
并支持日渐发展的太平洋岛民的保护运动 and to back the growing movement from Pacific Islanders for protection.
这将有助于保护所有的海洋生物 This would help to protect all ocean life,
尤其是宝贵的金枪鱼 especially the valuable tuna.
金枪鱼是掠食性鱼类 Tuna are predators.
它们将小鱼赶到海面 They herd smaller fish to the surface,
在那里把小鱼逐一吞食 where they can be picked off one by one.
它们游动迅速－是大海里的猎豹 They are high-speed fish - the cheetahs of the ocean.
它们也是牛羚－常常成千上万地聚集 They're also the wildebeest - they herd together in their thousands
并为寻找猎物在太平洋各处 进行史诗般的迁移 and undertake epic migrations across the Pacific in search of their prey.
如果生活在陆地上 If these animals lived on land,
它们将会因为地球提供最壮丽的 野生动物奇观而闻名 they'd be famous for providing the greatest wildlife spectacle on Earth.
然而 现在人们更多地认识它们是 作为三明治的填充物 Instead, they're better known as a filling for a sandwich.
在没有海洋保护区的大海中 洄游鱼类无处藏身 In an ocean with no marine reserves, migratory fish have nowhere to hide.
长2公里深200米 Up to 2 kilometres long and 200 metres deep,
大型围网被专门设计用来围捕金枪鱼 "purse seine" nets are designed to encircle schools of tuna.
一个渔民检查他的网 呼吸的空气由一根管子 A fisherman checks his nets, breathing air pumped down a tube
从上方的船泵压下来 from the vessel above.
这些网捕捉到的不只是金枪鱼 It's not only tuna that get caught in these nets.
一只孤独的海龟在错误的时间 来到了错误的地方 A lone turtle was in the wrong place at the wrong time.
它只能屏息几分钟 She can only hold her breath for a few minutes
辨不清往海面的路 and the path to the surface isn't clear.
它开始惊慌 She begins to panic.
渔民里有关于海龟的迷信 These fishermen are superstitious about turtles.
把海龟抓上船 Bringing one on board
会带来厄运 is bad luck.
这是它的幸运日 It's her lucky day.
每年有越来越多的渔船被吸引 More and more fishing vessels are being drawn
到南太平洋 这是最后几处 to the South Pacific each year, as this is one of the last oceans
鱼群数量健康的海域之一 where healthy numbers of fish still remain.
可是还能持续多久? But for how much longer?
捕渔现在是高科技作业 由雷达辨认 Fishing is now a high-tech operation, with radar picking up
远方显示水下觅食鱼群的海鸟群 distant flocks of birds that indicate fish feeding below.
撒下的渔网在鱼周围围成了 一个巨大的包围圈 The net is paid out in a wide circle around the fish.
这是场与时间的赛跑 因为鱼群会随时消失 It's a race against time, as the fish could disappear at any moment.
当这个圆收缩 颜料块被丢到水里 As the circle closes, pellets of dye are dropped into the water.
颜料和上方的高速快艇 The dye, and the speedboats overhead,
使金枪鱼丧失冲出收缩中的 discourage the tuna from making a dash through the closing gap
网墙空隙的信心 in the wall of net.
当网收紧 As the net closes,
网底部的拉绳被拉紧 a draw-cord running along the bottom of the net is pulled tight.
渔网成为一个袋子或"囊"而鱼被困住了 The net becomes a bag, or "purse", and the fish are trapped.
这一网有150吨鱼 There are 150 tonnes of fish in this one haul.
过去一艘渔船要花一整年才能捕这么多鱼 It used to take a fishing vessel one whole year to catch this many fish.
大部分是黄鳍金枪鱼 加上一些鲣鱼 These are mostly yellowfin tuna, plus some skipjack.
因为它们发育比鲣鱼更缓慢 As they're slower breeders than skipjack,
许多黄鳍金枪鱼在长到能够繁殖前就被捕捞 many yellowfin are caught before they're old enough to breed.
这使它们更容易因过度捕捞而受损 This makes them more vulnerable to over-fishing.
金枪鱼捕捞已经发展成一项 八十亿美元的产业 Tuna fishing has grown into an eight-billion dollar industry.
每年在全世界有超过 四百万吨金枪鱼被捕捞 And over four million tonnes of tuna are caught worldwide each year,
每十年增加四倍 a four-fold increase in as many decades.
目前有几乎三分之二是来自太平洋 Almost two-thirds of the catch now comes from the Pacific.
在大西洋 黄鳍金枪鱼的捕获量 自1990年以后就一直下降 In the Atlantic, yellowfin catches have been shrinking since 1990.
现在相似的减少已经在太平洋开始 Now a similar decline has begun in the Pacific.
金枪鱼需要持续游动 Tuna need to swim constantly
使海水流过它们的鳃 否则它们不能呼吸 to keep water flowing over their gills, otherwise they can't breathe.
渔工要尽快地把他们弄出水 The fishermen want to get them out of the water as quickly as possible.
当缺氧时 它们的肌肉中会有乳酸形成 When starved of oxygen, a build-up of lactic acid in their muscles
导致肉质恶化 causes the quality of their meat to deteriorate.
鱼被捞出水 每次一两吨 The fish are scooped up from the water, a tonne or two at a time.
这个7,000尾的黄鳍金枪鱼和鲣鱼鱼群中的每一条鱼都被拖出水面 Every last fish from this school
这个7,000尾的黄鳍金枪鱼和鲣鱼鱼群中的每一条鱼都被拖出水面 of 7,000 yellowfin and skipjack tuna is plucked from the water.
今天捕渔技术的高效 With fishing techniques now so efficient,
加上越来越多往来于太平洋的渔船 and with ever more vessels plying the Pacific,
生物学家们真正担心的是 there is real concern among biologists
甚至恢复力强的鲣鱼也可能开始减少 that even the resilient skipjack may begin to decline.
这艘船不是新来的 This vessel is not one of the newcomers.
它是艘悬挂巴布亚新几内亚旗帜的船 在他们的领海捕渔 It's a Papua-New-Guinea-flagged ship, fishing in their territorial waters.
有必要设立太平洋水域捕捞限制 及规范的严格体制 So it's subject to catch limits
有必要设立太平洋水域捕捞限制 及规范的严格体制 and regulations that are amongst the strictest in the Pacific,
以保证金枪鱼捕捞的可持续性 designed to ensure that tuna fishing remains sustainable.
新几内亚籍的渔民担忧的是外国捕捞太平洋金枪鱼的渔船数量的日益增长 But New Guinea's fishermen are concerned
新几内亚籍的渔民担忧的是外国捕捞太平洋金枪鱼的渔船数量的日益增长 about the increasing numbers
新几内亚籍的渔民担忧的是外国捕捞太平洋金枪鱼的渔船数量的日益增长 of foreign vessels now fishing for Pacific tuna.
第一个计划将国家水域外的公海口袋 They were the first nation to propose
宣布为海洋保护区的国家 that the high-seas pockets beyond their national waters
这得到了绿色和平组织的拥护 be declared marine reserves, as now advocated by Greenpeace.
在我们的摄影师离开埃斯佩兰萨号之后 After our cameraman left the Esperanza,
绿色和平组织继续他们的旅程 Greenpeace continued their journey,
并拍下世界最大的围网渔船的这些画面 and captured these images of the world's biggest purse seiner,
几乎四倍于新几内亚渔船捕捞能力 with a capacity almost four times larger than the New Guinea vessel.
它是艘西班牙的太平洋金枪鱼渔船 It's a Spanish ship fishing for Pacific tuna
为欧洲的超级市场供货 to stock European supermarkets.
如此大型船只的出现 The presence of such large vessels,
来自一些捕光了金枪鱼的国家 from countries that have already over-fished their own tuna stocks,
已经使当地捕渔船队的 操作员不耐烦和愤怒 has riled the operators of local fishing fleets,
也许是有一定道理的 perhaps with some justification.
一些生物学家最近已经警告 太平洋的金枪鱼 Some biologists have recently warned that tuna populations in the Pacific
将在五年之内消失 除非采取紧急的行动 will be crashing within five years unless urgent action is taken.
也许是时候反思我们捕渔的方式了 Perhaps it's time to think again about the ways we fish.
这些用杆和线的渔民是所罗门群岛居民 These pole and line fishermen are Solomon Islanders,
这种捕渔法是当地的一种工业 and this fishing is a local industry.
他们针对的是特定的种群和成熟的个体 They target specific species, and mature individuals.
几乎没有任何的附带捕捉－没有海鸟 没有鲨鱼 There's almost no by-catch - no sea birds, no sharks.
而且他们是有选择的 把鲣鱼从鱼钩上解脱 And they can be selective, flicking juvenile fish off their hooks
使它们能成长并繁衍 so they can grow and breed.
因为不可能钓起鱼群中的每一条鱼 Because it's impossible to hook every last fish in a school,
总有一些能留到将来 some are always left to fight another day.
而且因为鱼不被困在网中长达数小时之久 And since the fish don't suffer for hours in nets,
肉的品质很好 this meat is of a high quality.
这些渔民或许不像围网渔船 能捕到那么多鱼 These fishermen may not catch as many fish as a purse seiner,
但是 那才是重点 but then, that's the point.
捕渔方式是否恰当取决于 Whether any fishing is sustainable
有多少鱼被捕捞, 有多少被留下繁殖 depends on how many fish are caught, how many are left to breed
又有多少其他的种类被意外捕获 and how many other species are caught by accident.
但这些渔民可能已经正确掌握了这点 But these fishermen may have got it about right.
海洋管理委员会评估了世界渔业 The Marine Stewardship Council assesses the environmental impacts
对环境的影响 他们相信杆线捕渔有潜能 of the world's fisheries, and they believe
被核准为正式的可维持性捕渔方式 that pole and line fisheries have the potential
被核准为正式的可维持性捕渔方式 to be approved as officially sustainable.
因此现在接下来的问题是我们吃鱼的人 So now it's down to us, the fish-eaters.
可能要多花几便士来买一听 It may cost a few pennies more
标有"可维持性捕捞"的金枪鱼 to buy a tin of tuna labelled "sustainably caught",
但是它会确保子孙后代也能享用 金枪鱼三明治 but it could ensure future generations can also enjoy a tuna sandwich,
金枪鱼排或生鱼片 tuna steak or sashimi.
而且保护鱼类赋予太平洋所有的海洋生物 And protecting the fish will ensure a healthy ocean
一片健康的海洋 for all the marine life of the Pacific.
它需要国际间的约定和合作 It will require international commitment and co-operation,
但鲸鱼的例子提醒人们这是可行的 but the whales are a reminder that it can be done.
为了鲸鱼 为了鱼类 也为我们自己 For the whales, for the fish, and for ourselves,
我们收获太平洋的方法 the way we harvest the Pacific is key
关键是要保护这个脆弱的海洋天堂 to protecting this fragile ocean paradise.
要拍摄围网捕鱼场景 To film the purse seine fishing sequence,
南太平洋摄制组决定他们要将一名摄影师 the South Pacific team decided they would need to put a cameraman
派到渔网内 inside the fishing net.
极少潜水者曾经尝试过这种做法 Few divers have ever attempted this before
而且被证明是一场真正的挑战 and it proved to be a real challenge.
为及时到达正确地点 To be in the right spot at the right time,
摄制组不得不长住在一艘围网渔船上 the film crew have to take up residence on a purse seine vessel.
这艘60米的巴布亚新几内亚 渔船能装800吨的鱼 This 60-metre Papua New Guinea vessel can hold 800 tonnes of fish.
对于30多名清一色男性的 船员来说船就是家 For the 30-strong, all-male crew this boat is home.
他们一年中有330天在海上度过 They spend 330 days of the year at sea,
而且一走就两年见不到他们家人 and can go two years without seeing their families.
他们的生活就是不停追逐鱼群 Their lives are a never-ending quest for fish.
他们进港三天 They're in port for three days,
给了摄制组一个 which gives the film crew a chance
登船的机会 to jump on board.
我们来了 Here we are.
这是一片辽阔的大海 It's a vast ocean,
连渔民也不知道鱼在哪里 and even the fishermen don't know where the fish are,
因此他们为大收获地点定了一条路线 so they set a course for the location of their last big catch.
摄制组安排了一艘潜水船 在那里与他们汇合 The film crew have arranged for a dive boat to meet them there.
没有专业潜水船的支持 Without the support of a professional dive boat,
进入水里并拍摄会有危险 it would be dangerous to get in the water and film.
出发后仅几小时 收到报告说 Just hours after leaving, reports come in
大金枪鱼群在北边 of big tuna catches up north,
于是船长设定新的路线 and the captain sets a new course.
对摄制组来说这不是好消息 This is not good news for the team.
我们的潜水船停在这儿 Our dive boat is based out of here...
而我们要往这里去 and we're gonna be up here.
对于潜水船 得走上大约45个小时 For the dive boat, that would be about 45 hours.
新地点完全超出了潜水船的范围 This new location is well out of range of the dive boat.
由于拍摄的成功取决于潜水 With the success of the shoot hinging on the diving,
事态的转变令人担忧 this is a worrying turn of events.
渔船马达彻夜轰鸣把摄制组带离 The fishing boat motors on all night, taking the team
计划中的集合地越来越远 further and further from their planned rendezvous.
我们现在的位置是三度... Our position now is three degrees...
最后 摄制组联络上了一艘经过的渔船 Eventually, the crew make contact with a passing fishing boat,
它正向后朝他们潜水船的方向去 and it's heading back in the direction of their dive boat.
那儿有另一艘船 There is another boat out here,
它的路线要好得多 所以我们要换船了 which is going on a much better course, so we're gonna transfer.
摄制组的幸运逃亡 It's a lucky escape for the team.
新船没日没夜地驶向新的渔场 The new vessel spends all day and all night
新船没日没夜地驶向新的渔场 motoring towards the new fishing grounds.
早上8:28 我们发现鱼了 8.28 in the morning, and we've already discovered fish.
就在那里 大约150米 Right out there, about 150 metres,
大海在翻腾冒泡 the sea is frothing and boiling
显然金枪鱼在那 and that's obviously where the tuna are,
因此船绕着它转一个圈而 他们将会那里下网 so the ship is doing a circle round it and that's where they'll set the nets.
开始了 开始了 It's all on, it's all on.
虽然开始拍摄让人松了一口气 Although it's a relief to begin filming,
真正的挑战才刚要到来 the real challenge is still to come.
他们要进入网内 They need to get inside the net,
而现在 前景不容乐观 and right now, that's not a very inviting prospect.
首先 要让他们的潜水船在 这片辽阔的海域找到他们 But first, they need their dive boat to find them in this vast expanse.
我看到我们的潜水船在地平线上 远处的一个小点 I can see our dive boat on the horizon. She's a little spec in the distance.
我们又走了 换船 Here we go again, ship transfer.
在那 那是我们的新家 There you go, that's our new home.
明天见 See you tomorrow.
清晨五点 渔夫已经在布网 At five in the morning, the fishermen are already setting the nets.
是去冒险的时候了 It's time to take the plunge.
或许有点奇怪为什么 It may seem a little strange
我们把渔网放在我们的水中呼吸器装置上 why we're putting fishing net on our scuba gear,
但其实它有个非常有用的目的 but it has a very useful purpose. These jagged edges of the gear
这些机器凸凹不平的边缘完全被渔网覆盖 are completely covered with this fishing net
可以防止我们象鱼一样被钩住 to prevent us from getting snagged and caught like fish.
我通常不会带这么大一把刀 但是在这种情形下 Idon't normally wear a knife this big, but in this kind of situation,
身边都是网有被缠住的可能 with all the nets around and the possibility of entanglement,
带上它绝对是个好主意 it's a really good idea.
这是个鲨鱼出没的地方 一艘金枪鱼渔船 This is a shark shield, and with a tuna-fishing boat,
水中数千条血淋淋的金枪鱼 thousands of bloody tuna in the water,
一片充满鲨鱼的海洋 它会很容易进来 anda sea full of sharks, it could come in very handy.
他们进入了渔网 They enter the net.
尽管能做的准备都做了 Despite having done all they can to prepare,
这一跳下去一切都还是未知 this is a jump into the unknown.
网大得让人叹为观止 The scale of the net is breathtaking.
他们轻松了 因为看到这回没有鲨鱼 They're relieved to find that there are no sharks this time.
可是别的鱼也没有 But there are also no fish.
无奈地 几天过去了 Frustratingly, days pass
渔民找不到鱼 and the fishermen fail to find any more fish.
我们将要到达最后阶段 We're going down to the wire here.
只剩两天时间了还是一条鱼都没见到 We've got two days left and westill haven't seen any fish,
因此变得有点紧张 so getting a little nervous.
是的 出来到这里却没有 机会拍摄会是悲惨的 Yeah, it'd be tragic to be out here and not have the opportunity to film this.
最后 他们定位了一个鱼群 Eventually, they locate a school.
问题是 那张网里有鱼吗? So the question is, are there any fish in that net?
这是摄制组获得该场景的最后机会 This is the team's last chance to get the sequence.
让他们如释重负的是 他们所有的努力最终得到回报 To their great relief, all their effort has finally paid off.
他们和150吨金枪鱼一起在渔网里 They share the net with 150 tonnes of tuna...
这一年最大的收获之一 one of the biggest catches of the year.
一次紧张的经验 It's an intense experience.
又一次 没有鲨鱼 Once again, there are no sharks.
但当网勒紧 内部空间变得更小 But as the net tightens, the space inside gets ever smaller.
鱼开始惊慌 The fish begin to panic.
最后 摄制组不得不摆脱困境 Eventually, the crew have to bail out.
他们从网外面继续拍摄 They continue to film from outside the net.
拍摄成功了 The filming has been a success,
但目睹如此规模的死亡使摄制队 受到相当大的震撼 but seeing death on this scale has quite an impact on the team.
无话可说真的 Speechless, really.
真的...难以置信 It was...unbelievable
真的 难以用言语描绘 Really. It's hard to find words to describe that.
你刚进去的时候 空空如也 只有一片宁静 然后... At first you got in, it was just empty, there's just that serene silence, that...
回过头 突然间整个空间塞满了鱼 Turn around, and all of a sudden, this whole space is filled with fish,
发狂的快速游动的鱼就像疯了一样 just frenetic, fast-moving fish just going crazy.
然后在那里面 彻底的紧张混乱 From then on in, it was just absolutely intense.
你分不清上下左右 You don't know which is up or down or side.
你的整个参考系乱套了 Your whole frame of reference goes off.
最后 网是那个固定点 不是吗 And finally, the net was the one static point, wasn't it?
在开始潜水时 你好像觉得渔网 At the start of the dive, you feel like the net
是要远离的东西 但潜水到最后 is something to keep away from, but by the end of the dive
渔网是你唯一的参考系 the net is the only thing you can use as a frame of reference
别的一切都在运动 令人非常容易失去方向感 and everything else is just moving, and it's very disorientating.
还有其他的惊奇 And there were other surprises.
从这里面流出的血流 如同从网中涌出 The slick of blood that comes from this is just, like, pouring out of the net
在这么大的血流里 你会想在这片大海中 in this massive slick, and you would have thought in this ocean
它会引来数以百计的鲨鱼 it would have attracted hundreds of sharks,
但是我一条也没看到 一只鲨鱼也没有 but I didn't see a single one, not one shark.
这是一个令人担心的信号 表明南太平洋的一切都不对了 It's a worrying sign that all is not well in the South Pacific.
鱼的情况怎样? So what of the fish?
今天我们所见到的是一次非常独特的体验 What we saw today was a highly-unique experience
而我想当你看到那样的第一手资料时 它会让你想知道 and I think it does make you wonder what our impact on the oceans are
我们对于大海构成了什么影响 when you see it first-hand like that.
摄制组很幸运 The team were lucky.
如今这么多船在太平洋各处捕捞 With so many vessels now fishing throughout the Pacific,
能拍摄到像这样的场景的 日子可能不会太久了 it may not be possible to film scenes like these for very much longer.