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翻译：麦克杜格 太阳熊小英能 小康 天朝直属 暖玉 小榴莲
校对：Leona 时间轴：小狱
后期：鱼骨头 总监：Leona
印象派: 绘画与革命
四好友集团
在本纪录片中 我们将仔细审视 In this series, we're going to be looking at
一些有史以来伟大的画作 some of the greatest art ever painted
和最伟大的画家们 and the greatest painters.
莫奈 雷诺阿 梵高 Monet, Renoir, Van Gogh,
塞尚 高更 Cezanne, Gauguin.
印象派的故事 就是他们的故事 The story of Impressionism is their story.
这个故事的主题 是反抗与勇气 It's a story of rebellion and courage.
莫奈创作了艺术史上最大胆的画作 Monet painted some of art's bravest pictures.
雷诺阿 创作出最生动的作品 Renoir, some of the liveliest.
德加释放了芭蕾 Degas unleashed the ballet.
修拉释放了色点 Seurat unleashed the dot.
而梵高 则释放了颜色 Van Gogh, well, he unleashed colour.
我认为 这是艺术史上最激动人心的一次暴动 I think it's the most exciting mutiny in art.
从此 一切皆焕然一新 The days when everything changed.
*And it hardly looked like a novel at all*
*And the city treats me, it treats me to you*
*And a cup of coffee for you*
* I should learn its language and speak it to you*
*And 70 million should be in the know*
*And 70 million don't go out at all*
*And 70 million wouldn't walk this street*
*And 70 million would run to a hole*
*And 70 million would be wrong, wrong, wrong*
*And 70 million never see at all*
*And 70 million haven't tasted snow.*
萨沃伊饭店
-早上好 汤姆 -早上好 先生 - Morning, Tom. - Good morning, sir.
主持人 瓦尔德玛·雅努史扎克
-早上好 迪克 -早上好 先生 - Good morning, Dick. - Good morning, sir.
-早上好 哈利 -早上好 先生 - Good morning, Harry. - Good morning, sir.
克劳德·莫奈
这就是当年 莫奈 This is the room that Monet,
最著名的印象派画家 the most famous of the Impressionists,
在伦敦时 居住过的房间 actually used to stay in when he came to London.
他曾经透过这扇窗户 He used to paint the Thames
描绘过泰晤士河 from this very window.
在那个年代 In those days, of course,
莫奈还不像现在这样出名 Monet wasn't as famous as he is today.
现在 莫奈和其他印象派画家简直无处不在 These days, Monet and the Impressionists are everywhere.
极其流行 极其熟悉 Terribly popular, terribly familiar,
极其商业化 terribly commercialised.
莫奈
德加 梵高
我去买了些与印象派相关的东西 I have been Impressionist shopping
看看都有什么 and look what I've got.
印象派雨伞 印象派钢笔 Impressionist umbrellas, Impressionist pen,
印象派包 印象派拼图 Impressionist bag, Impressionist jigsaw,
这件漂亮的印象派衬衣 this fine Impressionist shirt
还有 最重要的 印象派巧克力 and, above all, Impressionist chocolate.
一盒又一盒的巧克力 Boxes and boxes of chocolates.
如果你想寻找适合印在巧克力盒上的画作 When you're looking for art to put on a chocolate box,
印象派作品一定是你的首选 对吧 you turn to the Impressionists, don't you?
因为这些作品看上去是那么甜美愉快 Because these days their art seems so sweet and pleasant.
如果印象主义运动 从不是我们想象中那种 But what if the Impressionism never was this charming,
充斥着甜美与迷人的艺术幻想 会怎样 sugary art movement we like to imagine?
如果印象主义实际上 What if the real story of Impressionism
是一场革命 一场颠覆 was the story of a revolution, an overthrow,
其本质危险又难以驾驭 会怎样 artistically dangerous and hardcore?
如果印象派画家的作品 What if the art of the Impressionists
并不适合印在巧克力包装上 belongs not on a box of chocolates...
而是适合包裹炸药 又会怎样 But on a case of dynamite?
印象派画家们从未制定什么计划 The Impressionists never really had a plan.
这场运动并非那样开始的 That wasn't how it happened.
历史将他们聚到一起 改变了整个艺术界 History threw them together to change art.
某些人的贡献更为突出 Some contributed more than others
我们追踪的 就是这些人的脚步 and they're the ones we need to follow.
一定要给他们的故事定个起点的话 If their story began anywhere,
那就是这里 it was here,
圣托马斯 隶属维尔京群岛 St Thomas, in the Virgin Islands,
画家卡米耶·毕沙罗 where the painter Camille Pissarro
于1830年7月10日 出生在这里 was born on July 10th, 1830.
毕沙罗并非最受人喜爱的印象派画家 Pissarro isn't the best loved of the Impressionists.
他也不是最著名或最流行的 He's not the best known or the most popular.
莫奈名气更胜于他 雷诺阿也是 Monet is more famous than him, and so is Renoir,
但如果没有他 他们不会 but none of them could've got together
走到一起 完成他们的创举 and did what they did without him.
正是毕沙罗 Pissarro was the glue
将印象派凝聚在一起 that held Impressionism together.
印象派画家举办过八场画展 仅此而已 The Impressionists had eight exhibitions, and that's it.
八场画展 改变了整个艺术界 Eight shows that changed art.
唯一出席全部画展的 就是毕沙罗 And the only artist who appeared in all of them was Pissarro.
卡米耶·毕沙罗
毕沙罗家开了一家五金店 The Pissarro family ran a hardware store in the High Street,
向来往这里的船只 supplying useful stuff for the boats
出售工具 coming in and out of here.
水晶街 犹太教堂山
然而 从艺术史角度来说 As far as art is concerned, however,
他的家族最有趣的方面在于 the most interesting thing about them
他们是犹太人 is that they were Jewish.
如果我让你说出一位 If I were to ask you to name me
在毕沙罗之前的伟大犹太艺术家 a great Jewish artist before Pissarro,
你会觉得困难 因为没有这样的艺术家 you couldn't, because there weren't any.
在他之后 则有很多犹太艺术家 Plenty after him, of course.
罗斯科 莫迪利亚尼 苏丁 Rothko, Modigliani, Soutine,
但之前没有过 but none before.
因为犹太教禁止进行艺术创作 Because the Jewish religion forbids the making of art.
"不可为自己雕刻偶像 "You shall not make for yourself any likeness
也不可作什么形像仿佛天上 of what is in the heavens above
和地上的百物" or on the earth below,"
《十诫》第二条如是规定 says the second commandment firmly.
正因如此 犹太教堂内 That's why there are no paintings
没有任何绘画或雕塑 or sculptures in synagogues.
毕沙罗家族十分正统 Pissarro's family were orthodox enough to follow
遵守了大部分教规 most of the observances of their religion,
但他们又有挑战与违反教规的企图 but they also had reason to challenge it and turn against it.
毕沙罗的父亲 弗雷德里克·毕沙罗 Pissarro's father, Frederick Pissarro,
在他叔叔过世后 前往圣托马斯 had been sent to St Thomas to take over
去接手他的生意 his uncle's business when the uncle died.
令人惊恐的是 他很快就开始和叔叔的遗孀 To everyone's horror, he quickly started a relationship
瑞吉儿·毕沙罗进行交往 with his uncle's widow, Rachel Pissarro.
虽然她已经有了四个孩子 And even though she already had four children,
他们还是走到一起 又生了四个孩子 they got together and had four more,
其中就包括卡米耶·毕沙罗 including Camille Pissarro.
犹太教会反对这桩婚事 这是当然 The synagogue disapproved - how could it not?
侄子不应该成为他婶婶孩子的父亲 Nephews shouldn't father their auntie's children.
这桩婚姻从来没有被接受 The marriage was never accepted,
毕沙罗家族 和他们多年的信仰之间 and a crack appeared in the ancient relationship
出现了裂痕 between the Pissarros and their faith.
无论是否违反教规 Whether he was supposed to or not,
毕沙罗一直在画画 Pissarro drew all the time.
从不停歇 He was always at it.
在码头 观察渔民 Down on the docks, watching the fishermen.
在田野中 和劳动妇女一起 Out in the fields with the working women.
这些印象派画作的雏形 风格谦逊 It seems so modest, this Impressionism-to-be,
敏感而恬静 so sensitive, so quiet.
但不要让这表面的恬静欺骗了你 But don't let this quietude fool you.
他在画中犯下了大罪 Powerful sins are being committed here.
一个犹太男孩 打破了古老的禁忌 A Jewish boy is breaking an ancient taboo.
他也不是普通的犹太男孩 Not just any Jewish boy, either,
他是一个被困在远离巴黎4500英里的 but a Jewish boy stuck 4,500 miles away from Paris,
维尔京群岛的犹太男孩 in the Virgin Islands,
这一切 与艺术大家的身份格格不入 just about as far away from the story of art as you can get.
如果毕沙罗生活在其他的年代 If Pissarro had been alive in any other era,
他根本没有机会成为画家 there would've been no chance of him becoming a painter.
不仅存在宗教上的禁忌 Not only was it a religious no-no,
实际操作上 也是困难重重 but the practical difficulties were immense.
这附近 哪里能找到作为画家 Where around here would he have got materials he needed
所必需的原材料呢 to become an artist?
当时 画家需要的东西十分繁杂 In those days, painters needed so much stuff
他们使用的颜料 准备工序也十分复杂 and the colours they used were so complicated to prepare.
这是天青石 一种亚宝石 This is lapis lazuli, semi-precious stone.
十分昂贵 产自阿富汗 Incredibly expensive, it comes from Afghanistan,
但最纯正的蓝色 便是从其中提取出来的 but the best blues were made from this.
首先 要将其敲碎 First, though, you needed to crack it
不断研磨 直到成为颜料 and crunch it and grind it and turn it into paint.
当研磨和溶解的工序结束 And when all the grinding and oiling was done,
得到的颜料 要如何携带呢 how do you actually carry around this paint that you've made?
当时 In those days,
要把颜料 塞进猪膀胱里 you shovelled it into pigs' bladders.
没错 猪膀胱 Yes, pigs' bladders.
所以 在19世纪初期 So at the beginning of the 19th century,
画家需要费此周章 才能进行创作 painters needed all this to make art.
但随后 1841年 在英格兰 But then, in 1841 in England,
一位名叫约翰·G·兰德的美国人 an American called John G. Rand,
就职于温莎·牛顿公司 working for good old Winsor & Newton...
他发明了一种旷世奇物 invented something remarkable, something brilliant and inspired.
就是这个美丽的小家伙 Rand came up with this little beauty here.
颜料管 The paint tube.
颜料管对艺术的影响 The impact of the paint tube on art
不容小觑 can't be overestimated.
它的诞生改变了一切 It changed everything.
它解放了艺术 This freed art.
也解放了毕沙罗 并促成了印象派的诞生 It freed Pissarro and made Impressionism possible.
新发明的颜料管之便携 令人叹为观止 The new paint tubes were spectacularly portable,
无论你去哪里 它都可如影随形 so easy to carry wherever you went.
颜料从设计精妙的颜料管中流畅地淌出 Squeezed quickly out of its quick new tube,
可以用于迅速捕捉转瞬即逝的画面 the new paint could capture quick new movement.
所有极难捕捉的光影效果 All sorts of elusive light effects
这样一来 都变得极易描绘和欣赏 were now easier to record and enjoy.
颜料管也有一种解放的效应 It had a liberating effect too
它似乎解开了人们精神上的束缚 and seemed to free the spirit,
正如它解开了毕沙罗精神上的羁绊 as it definitely freed Pissarro's.
虽然印象派的时代尚未到来 None of this had happened yet, of course.
但此时已经万事俱备 只欠东风 All of it was now possible.
但首先 毕沙罗得离开 First, though, Pissarro had to get out
维尔京群岛 前往巴黎 of the Virgin Islands and into Paris,
在那里 刚诞生的便捷式颜料最具用武之地 where the quick new paint was particularly useful.
然而当他于1855年到达巴黎时 But when he finally got here in 1855,
毕沙罗发现这座城市 Pissarro found a city
正以疯狂的速度向未来跃进 fast forwarding crazily into the future.
巴黎的大街小巷正上演着惊人的戏码 What was happening to Paris was scary.
它正经历着天翻地覆的变革 The city was in the middle of a huge transformation.
一切都瞬息万变 Everything was changing.
人们将老巴黎夷为平地 The old Paris was being knocked down
并迅速在其上建起了一座崭新的巴黎 and a new one was being rushed up in its place.
巴黎今天为世人所爱的景观 Pretty much all of the Paris that we love today,
如林荫大道 公园 以及壮丽的街景 the boulevards, the parks, the big vistas,
几乎都是在这一时期诞生的 all that was created now.
这一切呼啸而至 令人目不暇接 And it was happening at breakneck speed.
巴黎迎来了崭新的都市节奏 Paris was now moving to a new rhythm.
而这种节奏在同时期的绘画中亦有所体现 And that rhythm got into its art.
艺术必然反映生活 对吧 It had to, didn't it?
雷诺阿是印象派画家中名列第二的先驱者 Renoir, the second of the great pioneering Impressionists,
他在卢浮宫旁长大成人 actually grew up next to the Louvre
即今日著名的里沃利大街的前身 on what is now the famous Rue de Rivoli.
里沃利大街
这是里沃利大街今日的风貌 This is it today.
它是巴黎最优雅 最时尚的地区之一 One of the poshest and most fashionable addresses in Paris.
然而 雷诺阿在这里成长之时 But when it Renoir grew up here,
里沃利大街根本还未建成 the Rue de Rivoli didn't even exist,
当时巴黎的这片区域完全不是这副景象 and this bit of Paris didn't look anything like this.
而是这幅景象 It was more like this.
俨然一副中世纪阴森街道 A wobbly medieval ghost ride
与曲折小巷的样子 of spooky streets and twisted alleys.
这里老鼠成灾 污水遍地 Infested with rats, sewage slopping in the streets,
老巴黎似乎一直停留在中世纪 the old Paris had barely changed since the Middle Ages.
这是《巴黎圣母院》中钟楼怪人的理想家园 It was a superb home for the Hunchback of Notre Dame.
但却是印象派画家的梦魇 But not for an Impressionist.
究竟为何要重建巴黎 So why the big rebuild?
为何一砖一瓦地重修巴黎呢 Why start Paris from scratch?
因为法国的新一任国王即位了 Because France had a new emperor,
他就是拿破仑一世的侄子 拿破仑三世 Napoleon III, nephew of the first Napoleon.
拿破仑家族的人一旦掌权 便想翻天覆地 And when a Napoleons take over, they change things.
而对于背井离乡 颠沛流离的巴黎市民来说 For the citizens of Paris, turfed out, moved on,
那是一段不堪回首的年代 these were terrible times.
一段混乱不堪的年代 An era of disruption.
然而印象派画家 却如鱼得水 But for the Impressionists, the conditions were perfect.
这座城市发生着日新月异的变化 A city was changing beyond recognition.
因此 绘画界也有着变革的诉求 So its art needed to change as well.
雷诺阿的父亲是一名裁缝 Renoir's father was a tailor
雷诺阿幼年的美术启蒙 and apparently little Renoir learned to draw
来自于用父亲的粉笔在地上涂涂画画 by using his father's chalks on the floor.
他最初的画笔就是那些 You know, those tailor's chalks
裁缝用来标记尺寸的粉笔 they used to mark out their designs.
但他最有趣的美术学习经历 还数少年时代 But the most interesting part of his education came in his teens
给精美瓷器制造商打工的日子 when he started to work for a posh manufacturer of luxury porcelain,
那里每天都会出产大批花瓶 茶杯和瓷盘 churning out of vases and teacups and plates.
拿破仑和他的男仆追求美食 美酒 Napoleon and his lackeys liked eating, drinking
而且好大喜功 酷爱自吹自擂 and commemorating their achievements,
因此 他们吃饭时需要很多奢华的瓷盘 so they needed lots of posh plates to dine on.
雷诺阿14岁时 来到利维家族公司 Renoir was 14 when he was sent to work at Levy & Sons
开始了瓷器画匠学徒的生涯 as an apprentice porcelain painter.
雷诺阿在瓷盘上绘制花朵 Renoir was so good, so quick,
图案漂亮 技法娴熟 at painting flowers on plates,
不久便用攒下的积蓄 that he soon made enough money
为全家置办了一套房子 to buy his family a house.
这段经历显然在他身上打下了烙印 And it obviously influenced him, too.
看看画匠是怎样在盘子上作画的 Look at the way people paint these plates.
手握小小的画笔 The tiny brushes,
轻轻地点缀上美丽的细小图案 dabbing on pretty little effects,
极具装饰性 光彩熠熠 so decorative, so luminous,
很像雷诺阿的风格 so Renoir.
在瓷器上作画 What is the difference between
与在画布上作画有何区别 painting porcelain and painting pictures?
在瓷器上作画时 With porcelain painting
由于瓷器只能平放在桌上 the painter has to work horizontally,
画匠的肘部与腕部必须一直保持这个姿势 with the elbow locked and the hand locked
这样手才不会抖 so they don't shake.
这是一门无比精细 无比精巧的艺术 We work on things that are very fine and delicate,
画匠必须学会控制自己 增强定力 and you have to learn to control your movement
最好浑身上下只有手腕在动 so that it is only the wrist that moves.
用于绘制瓷器的颜料也极具装饰性 The colours are very decorative,
比如这种蓝色 like this blue.
我们从未在画中见过这种特殊的蓝色 You don't find THAT in paintings.
它叫作钴蓝 This blue is cobalt blue.
中国人从远古时期就开始用它作为颜料了 It has been used since antiquity by the Chinese.
塞夫勒瓷器的特点就是 The speciality at Sevres is
绘制时要逐层上色 to apply it in many layers
以便将颜色渲染得异常浓郁 to create a depth of colour that isn't found anywhere else.
钴蓝是塞夫勒瓷器的标志 The mark of Sevres is cobalt blue.
如果我们按下时光的快进键 If we jump ahead a few short years
看一看当雷诺阿成为印象派绘画大师后 and look at what Renoir went on to paint
创作的绘画作品 when he became an Impressionist,
我们也一眼就能认出 那来自陶瓷工艺的 we can surely recognise the ceramic origins
轻柔 飘渺与不羁的笔触 of his feathery, flickery, decadent touch.
为陶瓷上色的工作经历 Painting pots made Renoir different
使雷诺阿具有了独树一帜的风格 from everyone around him.
那真是个疯狂的年代 These really were crazy times.
告诉大家一组令人咋舌的数据 Here's an amazing statistic.
1850年 巴黎城中有100万居民 In 1850, there were a million people in Paris.
到了19世纪70年代 人口增至200万 By the 1870s, there were two million!
短短几十年内 巴黎的人口翻了一番 Paris doubled in size in a couple of decades.
而印象派正是在这无比疯狂的 And these mad decades are exactly the decades
几十年中诞生的 in which Impressionism was born.
这个崭新的巴黎到处充满诱惑 The new Paris was packed with temptations.
印象派盛行的时期 巴黎城中 One third of all the babies born here
三分之一的新生儿都是私生子 in Impressionist times was illegitimate.
可怜的毕沙罗 Poor old Pissarro,
突然间被丢进这个瞬息万变的大染缸之中 thrown into the deep end of this cauldron of change,
他措手不及 完全不知所措 couldn't have known what had hit him.
他过于敏感 受过良好的家教 He was just too sensitive, and well brought up,
这里所发生的一切都令他难以适应 for what was going on here.
这个来自西印度群岛小镇上的犹太男孩 Here's this small-town Jewish boy from the West Indies
突然发现 自己竟置身于 suddenly finding himself
地球上最野蛮 最邪恶的城市 in the wildest and most sinful city on God's earth.
洛雷特圣母院大街
知道"洛雷特"是什么意思吗 Do you know what a lorette is?
这是个法语单词 It's a French word.
是19世纪在巴黎流传的俚语 A piece of 19th century Parisian slang,
意思是漂亮的女郎 which means a pretty girl.
更确切地说 是行为比较轻佻的女士 A girl with loose morals.
在印象派的画作中 她们随处可见 You find them all over Impressionist pictures.
有的在抽烟 有的在喝酒 Smoking, drinking,
有的咯咯笑 有的暗送秋波 giggling, giving you the eye.
她们是新一代的女性 活在当下的女性 They're the new woman, the woman of today,
尽情享受着从未享受过的自由 enjoying freedoms they'd never had before.
洁身自好的绅士 Lorettes are the kinds of girls
是不会接近这种女孩的 respectable men stay away from.
而人们之所以称她们为"洛雷特" And they are called lorettes
则是因为她们中有很多人都住在这个街区 because most of them lived around here,
洛雷特圣母院大街
即洛雷特圣母院大街 la Rue Notre-Dame de Lorette.
而毕沙罗 就住在这条大街的49号 And so too, at number 49, did Pissarro.
毕沙罗的母亲特意来到巴黎照看他 Pissarro's mother came to Paris too to keep an eye on him.
他同母异父的姐姐 艾玛 So did his stepsister, Emma,
和她的五个孩子也来了 and her five children.
还有一个厨子 一个女仆 There was a cook as well, a maid,
以及从圣托马斯岛带回来的一个黑奴 and a black slave brought back from Saint Thomas.
所以毕沙罗 与这五个女人和五个小孩 So that's five women, five children, plus Pissarro.
一起挤在这间小公寓里 All crammed into there.
难怪他早期作于巴黎的作品 Small wonder his earliest Paris paintings
不遗余力地想摆脱现实的喧哗和吵闹 try so hard to get away from it all.
这些宁静的乡村风景画 These quiet landscapes,
取材于城郊的短途旅行 painted on day trips out of the city,
蕴含着这位来自热带的画家 are the works of a man from the Tropics,
对于瞬息万变的光影的喜爱 who is in love with light, in all its varieties.
在转角处那座哥特式建筑所在的位置 On that corner there, where the Gothic building is,
曾经有一间古旧的画室 there used to be a beaten-up painting studio.
瑞士画院 The Academie Suisse.
这是一间自由画室 It was what they called a free studio,
即没有老师认真地传授绘画技巧 meaning nobody actually taught you anything in there.
你可以随心所欲地驰骋画笔 You decided for yourself what you wanted to paint.
毕沙罗 Pissarro,
这位具有无政府主义倾向的画家 who had strong anarchist tendencies from the start,
初到巴黎 便注册加入了瑞士画院 enrolled at the Academie Suisse as soon as he got to Paris.
一天 一位新同学出现在画室里 One day a new student turned up at the studio,
这位英俊潇洒 衣着考究的年轻人 a handsome young chap, a bit of a dandy,
神气洋洋地穿着有花边袖口的衣服 who cut quite a dash with his lacy cuffs
梳着安东尼奥·班德拉斯式的发型 and his Antonio Banderas hair.
安东尼奥·班德拉斯: 著名西班牙演员
毕沙罗和他一见如故 Pissarro got on very well with him.
这位年轻人也热衷户外作画 This new chap also enjoyed painting outdoors.
巴黎的洛雷特也喜欢挑逗这位年轻人 The lorettes, they liked him too, which they made pretty clear.
"我只睡女仆和公爵夫人" "I only sleep with maids and duchesses,"
新来的年轻人傲慢地说道 replied this new chap haughtily.
"最好是公爵夫人的女仆" "Preferably duchesses' maids."
他就是莫奈 That was Monet.
克劳德·奥斯卡·莫奈 来自勒阿弗尔 Claude Oscar Monet was from Le Havre,
一个位于诺曼底的工业港口 a busy industrial port on the Normandy coast,
他非常善于捕捉 whose watery textures
那里水波反射的光线纹理 he was instinctively quick at capturing.
莫奈天资聪慧 Monet was so talented
他在绘画上的非凡才能 and the first unmistakable signs of this talent
十四五岁时便显露无遗 appeared when he was 14 or 15,
他开始为勒阿弗尔的社会名流 and began drawing cartoons and caricatures
创作夸张的漫画形象 of Le Havre's most prominent citizens.
这些名流喜欢自己在画中滑稽好玩的样子 The prominent citizens loved these jokey portraits of themselves.
于是莫奈便大量进行创作 Monet was soon churning them out
迅速靠漫画累积了大笔财富 and making so much money from his comic drawings
并从那时起 向往成为一名正经的艺术家 that he started to dream of becoming a proper artist.
一位室外风景画家 A serious landscape painter,
拥有足够的速度和技巧 quick enough and skilled enough
来捕捉他周围流动的光和影 to capture the shimmering, changeable sights that surrounded him.
但首先 他要经受许多考验 First, though, there were hoops to jump through.
而且都是不小的考验 Big ones.
要进入巴黎的艺术圈 To make it in the Parisian art world,
首先要在巴黎艺术沙龙 you needed to show your work
展出自己的作品 at the infamous Paris Salon,
这一全世界最富盛名的展览 the most prestigious art exhibition in the world,
每年都会挑选并展出 where every year, some of the world's most pompous pictures
世界上最华而不实的作品 were proudly selected and displayed.
此处指描绘美化宗教主题和宗教人物的绘画
这就是他们的敌人 This is the enemy.
这就是莫奈 雷诺阿 毕沙罗 This is what Monet, Renoir, Pissarro,
所有这些印象派画家 all of them,
共同反抗的敌人 were up against,
所谓的官方艺术体系 the official art of the era.
一幅典型沙龙作品的画面 The surface of a typical Salon picture
就像新车的喷漆那样平滑而有光泽 is as smooth and shiny as the paintwork on a new car.
细腻柔和 平整完美 Glistening, perfect,
这就是沙龙作品的标准 that's how they wanted it.
要想在巴黎的艺术界出名 To make it in the Paris art world,
就必须遵守这样的游戏规则 this is the game you had to play.
而规则的制定者就在这里 Everything was controlled from here.
法兰西学会 The Institute de France,
在1795年由共济会会员建立 created by a gang of Freemasons in 1795.
这里便是绘画及雕塑学院 In here is the Academie de peinture et de sculpture.
法兰西艺术院
艺术院负责委派教师 The Academie appointed the teachers who taught here
前往美术学院任教 at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts.
国家高等美术学院
想要进入美术学院深造 To get into the Ecole des Beaux-Arts,
首先要通过一些考试 you needed first to pass some exams.
作品会由学会成员进行考评 Judged, of course, by the Academicians.
他们也将决定你的作品是否会在 The Academicians also made sure your work was accepted
巴黎沙龙展出 for the Paris Salon,
因为他们就是评委会成员 because they were the jury for it.
如果你的作品展出后反响热烈 If you did well at the Salon,
那么你就会经学会成员提名 the state, advised by the Academicians, naturally,
由国家委任 参与大型绘画的创作 gave you a prestigious commission.
就像这里的几幅作品 Like these ones here at the Pantheon.
完成若干这样的作品之后 After a few prestigious state commissions,
你也可以加入法兰西学会 you too could now become an Academician
并在美术学院执教 and teach at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts
开始传道授业解惑的生涯 where you passed on your methods to your students
因循守旧 周而复始 and the whole rotten process could begin again.
这就是印象派艺术家们所反抗的制度 So that is what the Impressionists were up against.
这就是他们要逃离的制度 That is what they had to get away from.
来龙去脉就是如此 That is why they happened.
莫奈不想画一辈子维纳斯 Churning out Venuses was not the career that Monet wanted.
他想画真实的世界 His guilty pleasure was the real world.
这是近年来最大的莫奈作品展 This is the biggest Monet exhibition of recent years.
在巴黎大皇宫美术馆展出 It's at the Grand Palais in Paris,
这次盛大的展览 将莫奈的成就尽收眼底 a magnificent display of everything that Monet achieved.
这是勒阿弗尔附近的海滩 他长大的地方 There's the beaches near Le Havre where he grow up.
这些是森林 And here are the forests
他偷偷跑去和毕沙罗作画时的作品 he sneaked off to paint with Pissarro.
然后 在莫奈生命临近尾声之际 And then, at the other end of his life,
看看这些独出心裁 别具一格的睡莲 look at these outrageously brave and inventive water lilies.
多富有冒险精神的作品啊 I mean, how adventurous is that.
这些作品 在稍后的节目中将详细解读 All that happens later, of course.
现在带大家到这里来 But I've brought you here now
是想告诉各位 because I wanted to give you
一条关于欣赏印象派画作的重要建议 an important tip for looking at Impressionist art.
每当你觉得印象派画作 If ever an Impressionist picture
看起来千篇一律 乏善可陈 begins to look predictable or boring,
好像似曾相识一般时 like you've seen it before,
差不多的海景 差不多的河岸 another seascape, another riverside view,
那么你需要慢慢走近这些画作 what you need to do is get closer.
一步一步地慢慢靠近 Shuffle right up to it, as close as you can.
如果在博物馆的话 就走到最近的地方 If you are in a museum, get as close as they'll let you.
然后仔细观察作品的细节 And really look at what's happening in an Impressionist picture.
注意印象派画作的笔触是多么大胆 Notice the brushstrokes, look how brave they are,
多么狂野 多么不羁 how cocky and adventurous.
一种新的艺术语言就此诞生 A new language is being invented
来表现焕然一新的艺术感觉 to convey new sensations.
越是靠近印象派画作 The closer you get to an Impressionist picture,
越容易体会到革命的精神 the easier it is to feel the spirit of the revolution.
为了抗击沙龙体制 To beat the Salon system,
巴黎出现了大量的私人艺术学校 various private art schools had opened up in Paris.
在这条秘密小巷的尽头 就有一家 This one here, down this secret alley
由画家查尔斯·格莱尔执教 was run by an old boy called Charles Gleyre.
格莱尔曾是一名沙龙画家 Gleyre had been a Salon painter in the past,
擅长表现悲情神话题材 specialising in doomy mythologies.
但他的思想自由解放 But he was of a liberal bent,
所以他的学生 风格也比较激进 so the students he had were more progressive than most.
当时雷诺阿已经在他的画室中学习 Renoir was here already,
并且是公认的懒鬼 and known to be something of a slacker.
"年轻人" 一天格莱尔告诉他 "Young man," Said Gleyre to him one day,
"你才华横溢 天赋异禀 "You're very talented, very gifted,"
但你似乎只把画画当作消遣而已" "But it looks as if you took up painting to amuse yourself."
格莱尔慧眼识才 堪比伯乐 So Gleyre was an insightful old bird.
雷诺阿是寻欢作乐的能手 Renoir had a nose for pleasure.
他来到了塞纳河畔 And it led him to the Seine,
和他新结识的好友一起探寻新的天地 which he liked to explore with his new painting buddy,
这位朋友就是莫奈 Monet.
整个夏天 莫奈和雷诺阿 Monet and Renoir would spend their summers
在塞纳河畔寻寻觅觅 sniffing out modern places by the river,
希望找到时髦人士玩乐的的地方 where modern people were having fun in modern ways.
不久便找到了一处低俗热闹的好去处 That's how they found a notorious riverside hot spot
青蛙潭 called La Grenouillere
又名"青蛙池塘" which means "The frog pond".
青蛙潭
青蛙潭相当于河上的移动酒吧 La Grenouillere was a gang get, a floating bar on the river
人们在周日前来 where people came on Sundays
下河游游泳 上岸调调情 for a bit of swimming and a lot of a flirting.
青蛙潭名声远扬 So infamous La Grenouillere
连国王和王后 都于1869年来到这里 that even the Emperor and his wife turned up here in 1869
亲自探究传闻的真实性 to see for themselves if all the stories were true.
在同年夏天 In that same summer, 1869,
莫奈和雷诺阿也来到了这里 Monet and Renoir turned up as well
改变了艺术史的进程 to change the story of art.
这两位绘画好友 莫奈在右 The two painting buddies, that's Monet on the right,
雷诺阿在左 试图捕捉 Renoir or on the left, set out to capture
人 光和水之间的相互作用 the interaction of people and light and water.
想达到这一目的 莫奈和雷诺阿 To do that, Monet and Renoir
就要用到这个美丽的小家伙 needed this little beauty here.
虽然看起来不大起眼 It doesn't look like much,
但这块闪闪发亮的金属 but this shiny piece of metal
使得印象派成为可能 made Impressionism possible.
它名为金属箍 It's called a ferrule.
是一个很小的锡制护套 在十九世纪中期 It is a tiny tin sheath that appeared on the ends of paintbrushes
被用于画笔底端 halfway through the 19th century.
在这些金属箍问世之前 Before these metal ferrules were invented,
所有的画笔基本上都是圆的 all brushes were basically round.
笔头的毛是用细线 The clusters of hairs would be tied to the shaft
绑在笔杆上的 with string or binding.
使用这种平头刷 Being able to use a flat brush like that
而不是原来那种圆头刷 instead of a round brush like that,
具有革命性的意义 revolutionised art.
此举彻底地改变了绘画发展史 It completely changed the story of painting.
平头刷的笔触更具表现力 The brush strokes you can make with a flat brush are much more expressive.
更适宜描绘 水中的波浪 They're better for capturing the choppiness of the water,
涟漪 以及水面上光的闪烁 the ripples, the flicker of the light on the surface.
还能快速地覆盖更多的画布 And you can cover much more of the canvas quickly.
如果你急于捕捉 If you're in a hurry to record
那种稍纵即逝的光影效果 an elusive effect before it disappears,
印象派画家们就是这样 as the Impressionists often were,
那么 你需要的就是这个 what you need is one of these.
他们在这里完成的画作 The paintings they made here
是对印象派最初的尝试 are the first raw attempts at Impressionism.
迅速 不安 敏感 Quick, fidgety, responsive.
画中捕捉的 不仅是青蛙潭的景致 It's not just the look of La Grenouillere that's being captured here,
还有那里的精神 but also its spirit.
一切都变了 塞纳河改换了河道 It's all changed now, the Seine was re-routed
之前的河流 现在变成了陆地 and what was previously river, is now dry land.
不过还是可以看到 You can still see this little island
雷诺阿和莫奈画中的这个小岛 that Renoir and Monet painted.
小岛名为"卡门贝尔" It was called the Camembert
法国著名软干酪
因为它又小又圆 because it was round and small.
这些现在都没有了 It's all gone now,
感谢上帝 莫奈和雷诺阿 thank God Monet and Renoir
带着他们的新型笔刷来到这里 and their new types of brush came here
并且在它消失之前 将其记录下来 and painted it before it disappeared.
想要画河畔的小屋 Before you can paint a riverside pleasure den,
首先要到那里去 you need to get to it.
这在以前可不容易 That hadn't previously been easy.
尤其是那些还依靠着 Particularly for those old-fashioned painters
老式绘画设备的老派画家 who still relied on old-fashioned painting equipment.
这就是当时典型的画架 This is a typical studio easel of the time
在印象派画家之前的大多数人都用这个 what most painters were using before the Impressionists.
可以看出 As you can see,
这种画架需要两个大块头才能搬动 it takes two big blokes to manoeuvre it in.
用这个进行户外写生 实在不太现实 Painting outdoors with this would have been impossible.
这时你需要的 What you need instead
就是这个 is one of these.
新品种 便携式 可折叠 好上手 The new, portable, fold away, easy to use
附有内置画具的旅行画架 travelling easel with built-in painting kit.
有了这个 去青蛙潭就是轻而易举 With one of these, getting to La Grenouillere was a doddle.
只需跳上一匹这种 You just hopped on board one of these
新近在法国出现的铁马 new-fangled iron horses that had recently appeared in France
就能快速到达目的地 and you steamed there at speed.
这个新型便携式画架设计的精妙之处 The various design subtleties in these new, portable easels
使它成为外出绘画的最佳助手 made them the perfect tool for outdoor painting.
很实用 简单易懂 So practical, so easy to use.
这些带着金属箍的平头刷 The flat brushes, the ones with those new ferrules,
都放在这里 they all went in there.
颜料管取代了猪膀胱 都装在这里 Tubes of paint had replaced the big pigs bladders, they all go there.
最上面是简易可折叠的调色板 There's a handy, fold away palette on top.
只需几步简单的操作 就可以开始 Just a few clicks of the box and you're a fully prepared,
在户外进行印象派画的创作了 outdoor Impressionist,
可以描绘火车到达之处的一切美景 ready for any landscape the train can take you to.
青蛙潭的周日总是刺激又有趣 Sundays at La Grenouillere were exciting and fun.
而来自圣拉扎尔车站的火车 The train from la Gare Saint-Lazare
总是载着饥渴的寻求刺激的人们 was always heaving with eager pleasure-seekers.
并非所有印象派画家的创作 Not all the crucial pioneering of the Impressionists
都在巴黎的家门口完成 was undertaken on Paris's doorstep.
有时 铁马需要走得更远 Sometimes, the iron horse needed to make a longer journey.
法国南部的蒙彼利埃 Montpellier in the south of France.
典雅 文明 保守 Classy, civilised, conservative,
离巴黎很远 and a long way from Paris.
蒙彼利埃因其历史悠久的大学 Montpellier is famous for its ancient university,
和这些阳光普照的小可爱而闻名 and for these sun-drenched lovelies.
当地人广泛种植葡萄 Southern grapes grown by the barrel-load
以制造出便宜又醉人的本地酒 for producing the cheap and cheerful local wine.
蒙彼利埃最富有的酿酒家族中 Among Montpellier's richest wine families
便有巴齐依家的席位 there were the Bazilles,
这是巴齐依家的豪华庄园 梅里克庄园 who ran this posh establishment, the Domaine de Meric.
梅里克
巴齐依夫妇有一个儿子 The Bazilles had a son,
弗雷德里克·巴齐 他长得异常地高 Frederic Bazille who was exceptionally tall,
异常地羞涩 异常地有才华 exceptionally shy and exceptionally talented.
他的才华是如此地出众 So talented, that he might have become
如果不是德国人杀害了他 the greatest of all the Impressionists
他或许能成为最伟大的印象派画家 if the Germans hadn't killed him first.
巴齐依是第四位印象派开路人 Bazille is the fourth of the key Impressionist Musketeers.
莫奈 雷诺阿 毕沙罗和巴齐依 Monet, Renoir, Pissarro and Bazille.
他于1870年死于普法战争 He died in 1870 in the Franco-Prussian war.
英年早逝 未能完整地参与印象派革命 Too young to see through the Impressionist revolution,
但是他见证了印象派的诞生 but he was there at the beginning
并且是关键性的一员 and he was crucial.
巴齐依夫妇希望弗雷德里克从医 The Bazilles wanted Frederic to become a doctor.
但是他所有的考试都没通过 But he failed all the exams
最终与莫奈和雷诺阿一起 去了格莱尔学院 and ended up instead with Monet and Renoir at the Academy Gleyre.
他的父母在零花钱上出手很是大方 His parents were generous enough to give him a full allowance
他的同学们都很乐意帮他挥霍 which his fellow students were happy to help him spend.
但是巴齐依的迷人之处 But what is fascinating about Bazille,
他的与众不同之处在于 what makes him stand out,
除了他那将近七英尺的身高之外 apart from the fact he was nearly seven foot tall,
他最有趣的作品并非作于巴黎 his most interesting pictures weren't painted in Paris
在莫奈和雷诺阿身边完成 with Monet and Renoir around,
而是在蒙彼利埃 but here in Montpellier,
在这片炎热 干燥 outdoors in this hot, dry
耀眼的土地上 luminous landscape.
这就是他的杰作 This is his masterpiece.
展示了他的家庭成员 A haunting picture showing the whole of his family
聚集在梅里克庄园的庭院中 arranged on a terrace at the Domaine de Meric.
父母 姐妹 Mum and dad, sisters,
表姐妹和她们的情人 cousins and their beaus.
巴齐依自己 却别扭地挤在角落 With Bazille himself squashed uncomfortably into the corner.
他们本应看起来轻松随意 They're supposed to be looking relaxed and informal.
他们来到阳光灿烂的庭院 They've all come together on a sunny Montpellier terrace
为的是合家团聚 享受平静的下午 for a quiet afternoon of family bonding.
为什么他们看起来那么僵硬和焦虑 So why do they all look so stiff and anxious?
因为巴齐依更醉心于 Because Bazille is more interested in
捕捉南部的阳光 capturing the light of the south
而并不在乎家人的感受 than in being nice to his family.
巴齐依和莫奈关系很好 Bazille and Monet were close.
巴齐依有钱 莫奈没钱 Bazille had money, Monet didn't.
所以 莫奈和雷诺阿用巴齐依的工作室 So, it was useful for Monet and for Renoir
实在是很有帮助 to use Bazille's studio.
偶尔还能住进去 不收房租 And occasionally to move in there, rent free.
一天 巴齐依建议他们应该 One day, Bazille suggested they should
成立一个志同道合的艺术家团体 form a group of artists with similar ideas.
莫奈很赞成 然后暂时将其忘到一边 Monet agreed and then forgot about it for a while,
学生都这样 as students do.
巴齐依还建议在最难完成人物画的地方 It was also Bazille who suggested painting some life-size figures
画一些真人大小的人物画 in the most difficult place there is for figure painting,
室外 太阳底下 outdoors, in the sunshine
人物就摆在你面前 with the figures in front of you.
巴齐依自己并未作出尝试 不过莫奈尝试了 Bazille himself never tried it, but Monet did,
事实上 他决定画一幅人物 in fact, he decided to paint an outdoor scene
有两倍真人大小的户外场景 in which the figures were double life-size.
它跟伦敦巴士一样高 It was the height of a London bus.
也差不多一样宽 And most of the width of one, as well.
过去 这样大尺寸的作品 In the past, pictures of this huge historic size
总是用于展示 had always shown us
有重大历史意义的事件 events of huge historic importance -
战争 加冕 或者屠杀 wars, coronations, massacres.
但莫奈表现的 But all Monet shows us
是他的一帮朋友在野餐 is a group of his friends on a picnic,
在户外游玩 having fun outdoors.
莫奈的情妇卡米耶 Monet's mistress, Camille,
是所有女性背影的模特 posed for all these interestingly backlit women.
巴齐依则是所有头戴圆顶硬礼帽小伙子的原型 Bazille is all the chaps in bowler hats.
创作这幅画的开销巨大 以至于莫奈因此 It was so expensive to paint that Monet ran out of money
都没钱付房租 and couldn't pay his rent.
房东把他赶了出去 The landlord kicked him out
然后把这幅巨画留作抵押 and kept the giant painting as security.
莫奈最终将它赎回时 大部分已经烂掉了 When Monet finally got it back, much of it had rotted away.
他只能挽救出其中的两大块 He could only saved two big bits.
因为这个大家伙没能成功 Since the whopper hadn't worked out,
第二年夏天 the following summer,
也就是1866年 莫奈决定再画一幅 in 1866, Monet decided to have another go.
很明显新画尺寸会小很多 Sensibly, the new picture was going to be much smaller,
只相当于今天的8英尺高 only around 8ft tall this time.
但是他主要的壮志雄心 But his chief ambition -
在户外的阳光下 画一幅日常生活场景 to paint a scene of everyday life out in the open air,
这一雄心仍未磨灭 in the sunshine - that ambition remained.
他画了几名花园中的妇女 He painted some women in a garden,
在阳光下打发时间 lounging around in the sunshine,
衣着漂亮 无所事事 wearing lovely dresses and not doing much.
户外作画从各方面来讲都很困难 Painting outdoors is difficult for all sorts of reasons,
想画一幅巨画 更是难上加难 particularly if you're painting a whopper.
比如说 画比画家本人还大 How, for instance, do you paint the top of a picture
顶上的部分怎么够得着呢 that's much bigger than you?
莫奈的方法是在花园里挖条沟 Monet's solution was to dig a trench in the garden
然后用滑轮 将画布放进沟里 and to have the canvas lowered into it on pulleys.
但是他给自己设定的最大挑战 But the biggest challenge he set himself
是要画出最原汁原味的阳光 was to paint sunlight directly, exactly as it was.
这其实是美术领域最困难的任务之一 It's actually one of the hardest tasks in art -
要把强烈的阳光跟深邃的暗影融于一体 combining strong sunshine with strong shadows.
你有没有注意过电视上的足球比赛里 Have you watched one of those games of football on the TV
当阳光照下来 when the sun's shining
场地上那些很大的黑色影子 and throwing big black shadows on the pitch?
摄像头根本无法捕捉 因为对比效果太强烈 The camera just can't handle it, the contrasts are too great.
但是人的眼睛却可以捕捉到 But the human eye can.
艺术史上还没有人画出过 No one in art had previously painted sunshine
这么明亮的阳光 as bright as this.
他描绘得很棒 但并非完全准确 He nearly gets it right, but not quite.
画中的一些走廊 Some of the passages of painting
还有花园中的妇女都让人惊艳 and women in the garden are stunning.
看看他是如何捕捉那条白裙子上的阳光的 Look at the way he's captured the light on that white dress.
但是总体而言 这幅画有种奇怪的不真实感 But overall, there's a strange air of unreality to the picture.
给人一种冰冻的质感 It's got a frozen quality,
似乎这些时髦的人们是被封存在 as if all these modern people have been preserved
一个耀眼的冰块中 供后人瞻仰 for posterity in a very sunny ice cube.
对毕沙罗来说 真实感从来都不是问题 Unreality was never an issue with Pissarro.
他太穷了 根本无力不切实际 He was too poor to be unreal.
我知道艺术家总是会唠叨 I know artists always go on about
他们年少未发迹时 how tough things were for them in their youth,
生活是如何艰难 before they were discovered,
但对于毕沙罗来说 but in Pissarro's case,
生活艰难永远都不会言过其实 the hardships were never exaggerated.
他的大部分职业生涯都异常贫穷 He really was exceptionally poor
并且总是受人利用 and put-upon for most of his career.
这使得他对小事特别敏感 It made him extra sensitive to little things,
会注意到其他人可能会视而不见的地方 to places the rest of us might walk past,
注意到其他人可能忽略的人 to people the rest of us might ignore.
和他一起的其他画家 Where the other painters in his gang
都致力于表现乡间乘船游乐的场景 were attracted to the countryside for the lunching and the boating,
毕沙罗却另辟蹊径 Pissarro avoided all that.
毕沙罗笔下的乡间 His countryside is somewhere
是人们种植作物和辛勤耕耘的地方 you grow things and work hard,
是与土地息息相关 并能略尽绵力的地方 connect to the earth and do your bit.
他为什么这么贫穷 总是被欺负呢 So why was he so poor, so put-upon?
恐怕是爱情这一恶魔将他拖下了水 I'm afraid it was that old devil love that brought him down.
毕沙罗的错误 在于爱上了 Pissarro's mistake was to fall in love
他母亲的仆人 一名厨房的帮佣 with one of his mother's servants, the cook's assistant.
她名叫朱莉 Julie, she was called.
她后来成为了最伟大的画家妻子之一 This Julie turned out to be one of the great artist's wives -
忠诚 顽强 聪慧 loyal, dogged, resourceful.
但是她不是犹太人 But she wasn't Jewish.
她是他母亲的仆人 还是一名基督徒 She was his mother's servant, a practising Christian,
而且她很快 就怀了他的孩子 and pretty quickly she got pregnant by him,
这一切在他家人眼中 都是格格不入的 none of which went down well with the family.
毕沙罗的母亲控制着家里的财政大权 Pissarro's mother, who controlled the purse-strings,
对他们极其吝啬 wrapped her fingers tightly around them
使得毕沙罗 and ensured that Pissarro,
朱莉 还有他们的子女们 Julie and their quickly multiplying number of offspring
总是徘徊在贫穷的边缘 would never be comfortable and often poor.
他们搬到了巴黎的市郊 They moved out here to Louveciennes
雪景地区 on the outskirts of Paris,
并不是因为这里的河流特别漂亮 not because the river out here is especially pretty
或是适合印象派作画 or any of the usual Impressionist reasons,
而是因为那个时候 but because in those days,
这里的房租比城市便宜许多 the rents here were much lower than they were in the city.
他们租下了能找到的最便宜的房子 They rented the cheapest house they could get,
朱莉出生在乡下 and while Julie - who was born in the country
又持家有方 and who was excellently practical and resourceful
她在花园中种下作物以便糊口 - grew what she could in the garden,
而毕沙罗则继续画着那些细致入微的风景画 Pissarro continued to paint his sensitive landscapes
他们子女众多 and set about fathering enough children
足以顶上别人几家人的数量 to populate several families.
印象派画家 伦敦
我很少来泰晤士河南岸 I don't usually come south of the river in London -
这不是我的主要活动场所 it's not my manor.
但想要追随印象派画家的脚步 But when you tread in the footsteps of the Impressionists
就要来一些不可思议地方 you end up in some unlikely places.
卡米耶·毕沙罗（1830-1903） 印象派画家 1870-1871年居住于此
欢迎来到上诺伍德地区 Welcome to Upper Norwood,
伦敦的郊区在这儿不断地扩大延伸 where the suburbs of London turn into more suburbs.
我也可以把这牌子放在克里登 I could have put this sign up in Croydon
或达利奇 或西德纳姆 or in Dulwich, or Sydenham
因为毕沙罗在这些地方都作过画 because Pissarro painted in all of them.
令人惊奇的是 伦敦南部在印象派的发展中 Amazingly, South London was a crucial location
起到了至关重要的作用 in the story of Impressionism.
在一个重要的时刻 Important things happened here
这里发生了一件重要的事 at a very important time.
1870年 法国与普鲁士开战 In 1870, France started a war with Prussia.
这是个巨大的错误 Big mistake.
普鲁士人冲越欧洲 The Prussians charged across Europe
迅速包围巴黎 and quickly surrounded Paris.
一些勇敢的法国人进行了抵抗 A few brave Frenchmen fought back,
但大多数人却没有参战 but most of them didn't.
莫奈和毕沙罗 Monet and Pissarro,
要照顾自己的孩子和女人 both of whom had children and mistresses to look after,
逃来了伦敦 fled here to London,
他们在这里虽然生活简朴 where they soon settled into a modest
却收获颇丰 but fruitful lifestyle.
伦敦给了莫奈灵感 令他在一个温暖的夏夜 London inspired Monet to paint the Thames
画下了泰晤士河 on a warm summer night
国会大厦在远方隐约可见 with the Houses of Parliament looming in the distance,
看起来神秘而模糊 looking mysterious and misty.
而毕沙罗则避开了那些明显的地标 Pissarro, however, avoided the obvious landmarks
描绘出了一个 and sniffed out a London
安静 质朴 有乡土气息的伦敦 that was quiet, modest, suburban,
一个能与他引起共鸣的伦敦 a London that struck a chord with him.
毕沙罗画过这个场景 Pissarro painted this view.
这个也画过 This one, too.
还有这里 And this one.
这不是戏剧艺术 却感性并易引起受众反应 It isn't dramatic art but it is sensitive and responsive.
这些安静的英国人 These quiet English greys,
布满煤烟的天空 the sooty air,
生活于此的压抑与低落 the damp joylessness of living here.
只有极为敏感的艺术家 It takes great sensitivity
才能感受到如此平凡场景的价值 to enjoy a place as ordinary as this,
而想要描绘出来 则需要极高的绘画才能 and great pictorial talent to paint it.
伦敦还发生了另一件事 Something else happened in London which, in the end,
同样至关重要 was absolutely crucial,
因为正是在伦敦 because it was here in London
莫奈和毕沙罗发现了特纳 that Monet and Pissarro discovered Turner.
英国最好的风景画家 将在印象派的诞生中 Britain's finest landscapist was to play a big role
扮演一个重要角色 in the creation of Impressionism.
这不难证实 It's an easy fact to prove.
这幅画是典型的特纳画风 Here is a typical Turner.
而这幅 则是典型的莫奈画风 And here a typical Monet.
足可定论 Case closed.
奇怪的是 基于某些复杂的法国人情结 Weirdly though, for some complex French reason,
莫奈后来坚持声称 Monet would later insist
特纳根本没有对他产生任何影响 that Turner had no influence on him at all.
"我从未看过特纳的作品"他说 "I never looked at Turner," He said.
尽管他们俩热衷于游荡在 Even though the two of them traipsed keenly
伦敦的各家画廊 欣赏艺术 round the London galleries examining the art.
并且毕沙罗的名字就在多维茨画廊的 And Pissarro's name was actually in the visitors' book
访客名录中 at Dulwich Picture Gallery.
无疑 特纳影响 Of course, Turner influenced
并启发了印象派画家们 and inspired the Impressionists.
这再明显不过了 It could hardly be more obvious.
当普法战争告一段落 And when the Franco-Prussian war was over,
莫奈和毕沙罗又逃回法国 and Monet and Pissarro scuttled back to France.
他们一并带回了 They took back with them
特纳绝妙的理念 Turner's glorious certainty
即"景物是情感的宣泄口" that landscape was a route to the emotions.
无论喧嚣抑或宁静 Whether it was noisy or it was subtle,
永远是内心的诉说 it always spoke to the heart.
一个长棍面包 谢谢 Une baguette. Merci...
法国人都喜欢面包 You know what the French are like about bread,
整个国家靠长棍面包为生 the entire country runs on baguettes.
这个脆皮的小东西 This crusty little beastie
在法国个性的形成中起到了关键作用 has played a key role in the creation of the French identity.
面包也在印象派的历史中 Bread played a big role too
扮演了重要角色 in the story of the Impressionists.
当毕沙罗从英国返回法国 When Pissarro returned to France from England,
他发现入侵的普鲁士人 he found the invading Prussians
把他的房子改造成了马厩 had turned his house into a stable,
把他的画铺在泥地上 and spread his pictures across the muddy ground,
这样马蹄就不会弄湿了 so their horses wouldn't get their hooves wet.
幻想破灭 心灵受创 Disillusioned, traumatised,
毕沙罗决定搬走 Pissarro decided to move
1872年在蓬图瓦兹重新开始 and to start again here in Pontoise in 1872.
他也开始认真考虑 He began to think seriously as well about that idea
巴齐依多年前的想法 that Bazille had had a few years earlier -
汇集起一群志趣相投的艺术家 to assemble a group of like-minded artists,
组成一种社团 an association of some sort,
齐心协力 击败传统体制 to work together and beat the system.
毕沙罗在建立新组织前 Pissarro looked at various options
考虑了多种选择 before setting up his new organisation.
面包师工匠
最终 新兴画家团体的制度 In the end, the rules for the new group of painters
建立在了面包师工会的章程之上 were based on the Charter of the Bakers' Union
就在蓬图瓦兹 here in Pontoise.
注意 这不是普通的面包师工会 Mind you, this wasn't any old Bakers' Union,
而是世界上最古老的面包师工会 this was the oldest Bakers' Union in the world.
蓬图瓦兹的面包师 The Bakers of Pontoise were granted their charter
早在1162年由路易七世特许 by Louis VII as long ago as 1162.
所以他们制造麻烦的历史由来已久 So they had a particularly long history of making trouble.
记住 面包在法国是一件有力的武器 Remember, bread in France is powerful stuff.
面包罢工触发了法国大革命 The French Revolution was triggered by bread strikes,
1871年巴黎公社也是如此 so was the Paris Commune of 1871,
那是世界上第一次由工人当家做主 the world's first workers' takeover.
用面包师工会 So by using the Bakers' Union
作为艺术家新兴团体的模范 as the model for this new group of artists,
毕沙罗希望他们能继承 Pissarro was hoping that they'd inherit
某些面包师的革命之火 some of the revolutionary fire of these dangerous bakers.
1873年冬 计划成型 By the winter of 1873, the plans were complete.
15名艺术家成立了股份公司 15 artists would form a joint stock company,
平等合伙 a co-operative of equals.
他们计划完全 Their plan was to operate entirely
脱离沙龙制度运作 outside the salon system.
没有学会 没有奖励 No academies, no prizes,
只谈艺术 just the art itself.
德加 我们尚未提及 Degas, who we haven't talked about yet
但在之后几集中会详细介绍 but who we're talking about a lot later in the series,
想把组织命名为"旱金莲" wanted to call the group "La Capucine", The Nasturtium,
名字出于莫奈在自家花园里 after that bright red flower
画的那几朵鲜艳的红花 that Monet planted in his gardens.
"我们可以在海报上画几朵旱金莲" 他说 "We could put nasturtiums on the posters," He said.
但是被否决了 But he was overruled.
反而 这帮人取了个 Instead, the new gang lumbered itself
又冗长又不时髦的名字 with the long and unsnappy name
即"无名艺术家 画家 雕塑家 of the Societe Anonyme Des Artistes Peintres,
和版画家协会" Sculpteurs et Graveurs,
一点都不朗朗上口 是不是 which doesn't trip off the tongue, does it?
他们有了组织 有了名称 So they had the organisation, they had the name,
但去哪里举办展览呢 but where were they going to show?
莫奈认识摄影师纳达尔 Monet knew the photographer Nadar,
巴黎一流的摄影师 the most fashionable photographer in Paris,
他不久前刚搬出自己 who had recently moved out of his studio
位于迷人的嘉布遣大道的工作室 in the glamorous Boulevard des Capucines.
那里空置了 而且他将其免费 So it was empty, and he offered it
提供给了毕沙罗和他的朋友们 to Pissarro and his friends for free.
这里就是他们展览的地方 So this is where they had their show,
纳达尔别致的工作室 in Nadar's chic studio
位于嘉布遣大道35号 at 35 Boulevard des Capucines.
1874年4月15日开放 It opened on April 15th, 1874,
永远地改变了艺术 and changed art forever.
我们即将看到的地方 同样极富革命性 What you're about to see is revolutionary, too.
我花了三十年想进去一睹究竟 I've been trying to get in here for three decades.
它可能是有史以来最著名的艺术展览 It might be the most famous art exhibition of all time,
但现在 他们更喜欢关上大门 but these days, they prefer to keep the doors closed.
毕沙罗和莫奈聚集起所有的朋友 Pissarro and Monet rounded up all their friends
说服他们加入 and persuaded them to join.
三教九流的一群人 They were a higgledy-piggledy bunch.
有一样东西把每个人团结到一起 The one thing that united everyone here
那就是对沙龙制度的共同憎恶 was a shared hatred of the salon system.
尽管这里是摄影工作室 Although this was a photography studio, do you know,
但第一届印象派画展 not a single picture has survived
却没有一张照片存世 of the first Impressionist exhibition.
我们只知道纳达尔把墙漆成了 All we know is that Nadar had painted the walls
高雅的猩红色 a tasteful blood red...
这个幸存了下来 ..Which has survived.
所有的作品 都由雷诺阿 And that Renoir, who did all the hanging,
进行排列与悬挂 arranged all the pictures.
来自30名艺术家的165幅作品 There were 165 of them, by 30 artists,
民主地排成两行 in two democratic rows,
小幅在下 大幅在上 small ones at the bottom, big ones on top.
雷诺阿展示了七幅作品 Renoir showed seven pictures
他在剧院的包厢中找到了一位美女 and found his Venus in a box at the theatre,
他的兄弟埃德蒙 with his brother, Edmond,
在后面 更添妙笔 at the back, getting an even better look.
毕沙罗展出了五幅作品 Pissarro had five pictures,
全部宁静优雅 却又革命性十足 all of them devoted in a quiet but revolutionary fashion
将真实之景与真实的阳光结合起来 to real places and real sunshine.
同时 德加画了芭蕾舞 Degas, meanwhile, painted the ballet.
这是一项创举 No one had ever done that before.
还有一位女艺术家 贝尔特·莫里索 There was a woman artist too - Berthe Morisot.
敏感吗 是的 Sensitive? Yes.
有革命性吗 非常 Revolutionary? Very.
这样的笔触如何 How about this for a brush stroke?
莫奈展示了四幅作品 Monet showed four paintings,
其中一幅就是在这里 one of which was actually painted from up here,
纳达尔的阳台上画的 from Nadar's balcony.
繁忙的嘉布遣大道闪耀动人 The shimmering view of the Boulevard des Capucines in action,
充满了摩登生活的节奏 teeming with modern life.
但展览上反响最大的作品 But it was the darkest Monet in the show
却是莫奈最暗的一幅画 that had the biggest impact.
绘于勒阿弗尔的海港 It was painted in Le Havre, in the harbour,
雾气蒙蒙 神秘莫测 in misty and mysterious conditions.
炽热的红日悬挂在黑暗的海面上 A glowing red sun hovering over a black sea,
投下神秘的橙色倒影 casting a mysterious orange reflection.
雷诺阿的兄弟埃德蒙在编写目录时 Renoir's brother, Edmond, who was editing the catalogue,
让莫奈想出一个吸引人的标题 pushed Monet to come up with a catchy title for it.
莫奈随便一提"印象·日出" Monet casually suggested Impression Sunrise,
然后就没再想了 and thought no more of it.
但一名叫路易·勒鲁瓦的艺术批评家 But a waspish little art critic called Louis Leroy
对这个刻意模糊不清的标题很有兴趣 was much amused by this deliberately ambiguous title.
在他那篇尖酸刻薄的评论中 In a nasty review of the show,
勒鲁瓦嘲笑这帮青年画家 Leroy giggled that this new gang of painters
只不过是印象主义 were just impressionists.
他只是想挖苦一下 但这一侮辱却流传千古 He was trying to be sarcastic, but the insult stuck.
从那以后 莫奈 毕沙罗那群人 From now on, Monet, Pissarro and the gang
被永远铭记为"印象派画家" would always be known as the Impressionists.
下一集 革命仍在继续 In the next film, the revolution continues,
我们将一同领略许多著名的室外画作 with some of the most famous outdoor art ever painted.
试图找出画作的由来 And with me half killing myself
差点要了我的命 trying to find out how it was done.
你以为你了解印象派画家吗 So you think you know the Impressionists?
100法郎赌你不了解 Well, here's 100 Francs that says you don't.