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翻译：鸡血西 文盲小英熊 小侠 酱油 小榴莲
校对：Leona 时间轴：凌晨相见
后期：鱼骨头 总监：Leona
印象派: 绘画与革命
绝美的户外风景
*And it hardly looked like a novel at all*
*And the city treats me, it treats me to you*
*And a cup of coffee for you*
*I should learn its language and speak it to you*
*And 70 million should be in the know*
*And 70 million don't go out at all*
*And 70 million wouldn't walk this street*
*And 70 million would run to a hole*
*And 70 million would be wrong wrong wrong*
*And 70 million never see it at all*
*And 70 million haven't tasted snow.*
如果我问你 If I asked you
印象派画家最为人称道的是什么 what the Impressionists were best known for,
主持人 瓦尔德玛·雅努史扎克
你可能会回答"描绘户外风景" you'd probably say, "For painting outdoors."
事实的确如此 And you'd be right.
谁不爱莫奈笔下生机盎然的《罂粟花》 Who doesn't love Monet's delightful Fields of Poppies,
其中充斥着令人难忘的夏日风情 with their unmissable smell of the summer?
还有他那梦幻般的《睡莲》 Or those dreamy Water Lilies of his?
精美绝伦 充满哲思 So delicate, so thoughtful.
或者河边阳光灿烂的时刻 Or his sunny moments by the river,
将天气捕捉得淋漓尽致 with their perfectly captured weather?
似乎莫奈的作品 It's as if Monet's art
已经摆脱了浮世的困扰 hasn't got a care in the world.
一切都那么悠闲 安逸 Everything in it is relaxed, sleepy...
欢乐 happy.
雷诺阿的作品也是如此 Renoir's the same.
那些描绘布吉瓦尔小镇上 All those gorgeous scenes of dancing...
欢舞和享受午餐的美妙场景 and lunching at Bougival.
漂亮姑娘欢快地 Pretty girls flirting...
跳上秋千 and jumping on swings
与餐馆里英俊的小伙调着情 with the handsomest chap in the restaurant.
毕沙罗也一样 Pissarro's the same.
金黄的玉米地 Fields of golden corn,
洒满阳光的果园 sunny orchards,
快乐的农民 愉快地劳作着 happy peasants, merrily at work in the fields.
就连画冬天 Even when he paints the winter,
他都能将寒冷表现得如此讨喜 he makes the cold look so welcoming.
这些著名的印象派画作 All these famous Impressionist images
你一定十分熟悉 will be very familiar to you.
你之前都见过 在巧克力包装盒上 You've seen them before on chocolate boxes
还有别人从巴黎给你寄来的明信片上 and the postcards people send you from Paris.
就算你认不到具体是哪一幅画 And even if you don't recognise the actual pictures,
也能感受到里面的氛围 you'll certainly know their mood.
那种轻松乐观的典型印象派氛围 That relaxed, optimistic, typical mood of Impressionism.
自然而然 你会觉得 So naturally you're going to assume
创作这种画作的过程 一定也十分愉悦 that achieving these pleasing moods was pleasant as well
印象派画家的生活 and that the life of the Impressionists
也同画中一样 轻松惬意 was relaxing and contented.
要是这么想 你就错了 And that's where you'd be wrong.
错得离谱 因为这些户外印象派作品 Very wrong. Because the outdoor art of the Impressionists,
这些印象派最知名的作品 their most famous contribution to painting,
这些广受我们热爱的作品 the stuff we all know and love...
实在难画得令人发指 was a bitch to paint.
要取得户外轻松愉悦的效果 Achieving that pleasant sense of outdoor relaxation...
看起来容易 画起来难 was so much harder than it looks.
上一集 我们介绍了印象派画家 In the last film, we saw the Impressionists come together
在1874年的首次集体画展 for their first show, in 1874.
接下来的十年里 Over the next decade
他们又举办了七次画展 they had seven more exhibitions.
总共八次 这八次画展 改变了艺术世界 That's eight shows in all, eight shows that changed art.
从一开始 他们便想在户外作画 And from the beginning, they wanted to paint outdoors.
描绘那些真实存在的 亲眼所见的风景 To paint what they could see, what was really there.
在莫奈的画作里 通常就意味着有水 In Monet's case, that usually involved water.
莫奈一生都伴水而居 Monet spent his entire life living next to water.
就像他出生时连着两根脐带 It was as if he was born with two umbilical cords,
一根连着母亲 另一根则连着塞纳河 one connected to his mother, the other connected to the Seine.
他于1840年出生在巴黎 It started in Paris, where he was born in 1840,
在这里 塞纳河蜿蜒流淌 极富都市气息 and where the Seine is all twisty and urban.
在他成长的地方 勒阿弗尔市 In Le Havre, where he grew up,
塞纳河经过脏乱不堪的工业港口 the river pours itself into the Atlantic
闪着莫名的微光 in a messy industrial puddle
奔腾汇入大西洋 full of elusive glimmers and shimmers.
他人生的最后时光 His final days, of course,
是在小镇吉维尼度过的 were spent here at Giverny
这里有著名的睡莲池 by his famous lily pond,
他一点一点地描绘它 which he created from scratch,
细细地从各个角度表现水纹 specifically to paint the water from every angle,
所有微小的细节都不放过 with every watery nuance.
所以 莫奈的一生都在水边度过 So the whole of Monet's life was spent by the water,
水也成为了他艺术作品中永恒的主题 and water was the main obsession of his art as well.
他刚到这里时 这里还只是一个沼泽 This was just a bog when he got here.
所有景物都要自主创作 All this had to be created.
但时间花得值 But it was worth it
因为这使他对其有了更深入的了解 because it brought him closer to this stuff.
画水的难点和挑战点在于 The problem with painting water, the difficulty, the challenge,
水一刻不停地在变化 is that it's constantly changing.
轻易就会泛起涟漪 Everything affects it.
每时每刻都不相同 Every moment is different.
水 Water...
变幻无常 虚虚实实 is sort of there and sort of not there.
要怎样才能画出 I mean, how do you paint...
这种感觉呢 that?
莫奈的方法是 Monet's answer was to get
亲身感受它 越近越好 right on top of it, as close as he could.
临水而居 全天候地感受它 To live it, breathe it, all day long
他特地为自己造了艘小船 in a special boat he had built for himself,
充当水上工作室 a floating studio,
专为探索河流而造 custom-made for exploring the river.
我们知道那艘小船的确切样子 We know exactly what it looked like,
因为同样爱乘船作画的爱德华·马奈 because he was painted working on it
描绘了他在船上作画的情景 by his fellow boat lover, Edouard Manet.
马奈本人并非印象派画家 Manet himself never became a proper Impressionist,
但他在很多方面 与莫奈志同道合 but he shared many of Monet's Impressionist ambitions,
而且名字也和莫奈很像 as well as most of the consonants in his name.
马奈和莫奈 很容易混淆 Manet and Monet were always getting confused.
从巴黎中心顺流而上时 马奈记录了 Manet shows Monet painting the Seine at Argenteuil,
莫奈画《阿让特伊的塞纳河》的情景 just up the river from central Paris.
莫奈坐在特制小船里 卖力地创作着 He's in his special boat, hard at work,
穿着全套雪白的船员服 dressed from head to toe in impeccable white boating gear.
穿着那种衣服可不大适合工作 Not, you'd have thought, the most practical clothes to work in,
但莫奈本人可是相当爱美 but Monet was a bit of a dandy.
他所有的衬衣都是手工制作而成 He had all his shirts hand-made
袖口和装饰精致程度远近闻名 and was famous for his frills and his cuffs.
除此之外 在法国 不同的河流上 Besides, on every French river,
桨手都必须穿着不同颜色的衣服 the rowers were obliged to wear a different colour.
在塞纳河 必须得穿白色 Here on the Seine, they had to wear white.
莫奈颇有赫尔克里·波洛的气质 There's something of the Hercule Poirot about him,
你们觉得呢 don't you think?
阿加莎侦探小说里的人物 是个有极度洁癖的小个子老头
衣着整洁的公子哥 The neat little dandy
细致地涂抹着他眼里的塞纳河 dabbing away tidily at his view of the Seine.
如果你仔细看看船尾 And if you look at the back of the boat,
在自制舒适的小隔间里 in the cosy home-made cabin,
就会发现莫奈的妻子 卡米耶 you'll find Monet's wife, Camille,
静坐在一旁 不可或缺 stored away neatly like a useful sack of provisions.
卡米耶当年就娴静地坐在船尾 Camille would sit placidly at the back of the boat,
为莫奈唱歌 为他做饭 布置野餐 singing for Monet, feeding him, organising his picnics.
我敢说 他们在舒适的水上爱巢里 I bet they had other kinds of fun as well
肯定有其他的乐趣 in that cosy-looking floating love-nest of theirs.
早年 当莫奈还在努力 In his earlier years, when he was still trying to make it
融入正统体制时 the official way,
他为卡米耶作了一幅肖像画 Monet painted Camille
画中的她穿着华美的绿色长裙 in a gorgeous green dress
莫奈将这幅画送到沙龙去 and sent his portrait to the Salon,
在那里引起了轩然大波 这并不奇怪 where, not surprisingly, it was a big hit.
这并不是一幅革命性的油画 It's not a revolutionary image
也没有特别推陈出新 or a painting that does anything very new.
但很好地表现出莫奈的才能 But it does show how talented he was
以及他对服装的热爱 and how much he liked clothes.
另一幅著名的卡米耶肖像画也是如此 So does this other famous portrait of Camille,
戴着金色的假发 身着日本艺妓服饰 in a blonde wig would you believe, done up as a Japanese geisha.
这真的就是那位 Is this really the same
静坐在船尾的人妻吗 sack of provisions at the back of the boat?
令人惊叹 答案是肯定的 Amazingly, yes, it is.
如此将你的爱人安进艺术作品里 Including your lovers in your art like this,
画你的家人 女朋友 painting your family, your girlfriends,
让他们穿起华丽的衣服 是个新形式 dressing them up, was new.
米开朗琪罗从没这么做过 特纳也没有 Michelangelo would never have done it, or Turner,
印象派之前的正统画家也没尝试过 or any of the posh predecessors of the Impressionists.
但印象派画家努力忠于生活 But the Impressionists were trying to be true to life,
力求真实地表现事物 to paint things as they were,
将日常生活完好地带入艺术里 to make everyday life a suitable subject for art.
而且 在艺术生涯开始阶段 Besides, when they started out,
他们大部分人都非常贫穷 most of them were famously poor.
他们请不起其他模特 They couldn't afford other models.
卡米耶是免费的 Camille cost nothing
对莫奈来说 我认为河流吸引他的一点 and for Monet, one of the attractions of the river, I suggest,
让他一直回来看着船来船往 人来人去 one of the chief reasons he kept coming back here
最主要的原因就是 to watch the paddling and the people,
河流和他一样 都是自由的 is that the river, too, was free.
注意 划船穿越法国 Mind you, boating across France
去到他们想画的目的地 to reach all the landscapes they wanted to paint
恐怕花上几辈子也不够 would have taken the Impressionists many lifetimes,
火车的用途就此彰显出来 and that's where the train comes in.
法国人花了很长时间才习惯乘火车出行 The French were actually very slow to take up train travel.
他们还是更喜欢走水路 Water was more their thing.
他们建成了 They'd just engineered themselves
世界上最好的运河系统 the best canal system in the world,
连接了地中海和大西洋 connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic,
贯通了法国南北 the north of France to the south.
所以当火车出现后 所有的水运当局 So when the train came along, all the water authorities
以及大批当年投资兴建运河的人 and everyone who'd put any money into canal building -
都人心惶惶 生怕被火车抢了生意 which was an awful lot of people, felt almightily threatened
盼望着这个新兴交通工具能够自行消失 and wished the train would just go away.
事实上 1842年之前 In fact, until 1842,
修建铁路在法国一直是违法行为 even building a train line in France was illegal.
那一年 这条禁令取消了 In that year, though, the law was changed.
从此 火车的钢铁之躯便正式开始 And the conquest of rural France by the iron horse
向法国乡下大肆进发 could begin in earnest.
法国在1842年尚无任何国有铁路 In 1842, there were no miles of national rail track in France.
到了1892年 铁路线已达三万英里 By 1892, there were 30,000 miles of it,
极速扩张的铁路线联结起巴黎及其市郊 a crazy expansion connecting Paris to its suburbs,
从首都一路延伸至海滨 the capital to the coast.
但迅速到达写生目的地还远远不够 But it's no good just getting to places quickly.
你还需要一套专业的绘画装备 You also need the right painting gear when you get there.
人们发明了各种辅助器械 All sorts of gadgets were invented
以便让画家的旅途更加轻松自如 to make artistic travel easier.
人们改进并缩小了画家所需的绘画工具 The entire painting kit was rethought and miniaturised,
这样就可以装进小巧的箱子中随身携带 so it could all be carried around in this handy little box.
一切如魔法一般 只需扳动几下锁扣 A few clicks of the latch and hey presto,
这个看似普通的箱子 one minute you're this,
一分钟后摇身一变 成了这样 the next minute, you're this.
每当大家看到印象派画家 Now when you see pictures of
身着一整套绘画工作服 the Impressionists in their full painting gear,
都不禁会感到他们有些傻里傻气 you might think they look a bit silly
或是刻意打扮得入流且具有画家气质 and they're just trying to achieve a fashionable, painterly look.
其实 他们这样穿 有其特殊目的 But actually, all this has a purpose.
这看似傻里傻气的罩衫有很多口袋 The silly smock is obviously handy
很显然 能方便画家携带画笔和其他工具 for carrying your brushes and things,
但对画家来说 最重要的是罩衫的颜色 but the really important thing about it, is its colour.
画家们的罩衫都是深色的 或黑或蓝 It's deliberately dark, black or blue.
这是因为 若想用画笔展现出 That's because if you're trying to catch
景色中诡谲的色彩明暗变化 subtle nuances in the landscape,
就万万不能穿色彩艳丽的衣服 the last thing you should be wearing is bright coloured clothes,
因为那些艳丽的颜色会反射到画板上 which would throw bright coloured reflections.
如果这件罩衫是粉色的 If this smock were pink,
它便会在画布上映出粉色的光影 it would throw pink reflections back on to the picture.
而画家戴的大宽边帽 撑的娇小阳伞 And these big hats they all wore and the twee parasols,
也并不仅仅是为了遮蔽正午的烈日 they weren't there just to keep the midday sun off your head.
敬业的印象派画家不是不怕中暑 More threatening to the committed Impressionist than sunstroke
但更怕直射的阳光会影响自己对颜色的判断 was the damage done to your colour values by direct sunlight.
刺眼的阳光会让一切毁于一旦 It just messed them all up.
我在烈日下画出的所谓翠绿色 If I paint something bright green in the hot sun
等带回家再看 则会变成墨绿色 and then take it home afterwards, it'll look completely dark.
因此 炎热而晴朗的下午是最不适宜 So the very worst time to paint an Impressionist picture
绘制印象派画作的时间 is on a hot and sunny afternoon.
那时作画 难度极大 That really is a challenge.
画家撑阳伞和戴宽边帽都是为了确保 So the parasols and the wide brimmed hats were to ensure
晚上将自己辛辛苦苦创作的 that when you took your Impressionist masterpiece home
印象派佳作带回家之后 at the end of the day,
依然能欣赏到用整整一个下午换来的 you could still see the glorious field of poppies
绚烂多彩的罂粟地 you'd spent all afternoon painting...
或是在塞纳河边用辛劳的汗水换来的 or that sunny, boating view you'd worked on so sweatily
晴日泛舟图景 by the banks of the Seine.
绘制室外风景画已属十分艰难 Painting landscapes outdoors is hard enough,
但最为困难 最为棘手的当属室外人物画 but for really problematic outdoor painting,
其他类别的绘画在难度上都难以望其项背 there's nothing quite as tricky as painting people.
与风景不同 Unlike landscapes,
人物不是随随便便就肯坐下当模特的 people need to be persuaded to sit for you.
模特坐久了会厌倦 烦躁 They get bored, fidgety.
今天还乐意让你画 明天兴许就不来了 One day they turn up, the next day they don't.
何况法国姑娘又是那么自我而随性 You know what French girls are like!
雷诺阿立下了如上刀山一般艰难的志向 Renoir had developed a fiendishly difficult ambition.
他想用画笔捕捉现代巴黎的种种气氛 He wanted to capture the mood of modern Paris.
温和的氛围 轻松的情景 欢笑的场面 The bonhomie, the relaxation, the laughs.
他希望能在室外当场记录下这一切 And he wanted to paint it all outdoors, as it was happening.
为此 他特意在蒙马特高地的山丘上 To do that, he got himself a studio up here in Montmartre
[位于巴黎北部]
买下了一间画室 at the top of the hill.
在蒙马特高地 无论做什么 都没人管你 In Montmartre, nobody watched what you were doing,
因此 画家可以为所欲为 so you just did more of it.
这里是穷人的聚居区 This was where the poor people lived
因而也是乐趣最多的地方 and where the most fun was had.
远离官僚权贵 远离繁文缛节 Away from the authorities, away from the old rules.
雷诺阿新买的画室位于科托特大街 Renoir's new studio was along here in the Rue Cortot.
这里有一座小巧的花园 It had a handy garden...
他曾将蒙马特地区最漂亮的几位姑娘 in which he persuaded some of
带到这里 请求她们做他的模特 Montmartre's prettiest girls to pose for him.
雷诺阿必须使出浑身解数 Renoir needed to be at his most dangerously persuasive
才能将这位16岁的蒙马特金发少女 to charm this 16-year-old Montmartre blonde,
简·玛戈吸引到花园中来 Jeanne Margot, into his garden.
她本已打算答应了 She was up for it.
但她那老谋深算的母亲却不同意 But her mother, a wise old bird, wasn't.
也许她猜到雷诺阿是诚心想 Perhaps she knew that Renoir was deliberately
给弗拉戈纳尔这幅有伤风化的《秋千》 trying to update this risque old master,
来个升级版 The Swing by Fragonard,
《秋千》这幅画创作时 painted in the naughty days
内裤尚未问世 before underwear was invented.
雷诺阿一心想要画出一幅旷世巨作 Renoir was stealing himself for something big,
一种宣言 将现代巴黎的所有情感纳入其中 a statement, an encapsulation of this new Parisian mood.
他的这幅巨画将在室外完成 And this big picture was going to be painted outdoors,
在模特们的身边 现场绘制 in situ, with all the models around.
于是 他订购了一张超大号的画布 So he ordered himself an extra large canvas
那年夏季的每一天 and every day for the whole of the summer
他都会与好友一同扛着画布穿行于蒙马特 he lugged it around Montmartre with a pal.
时而拾级而下 Down here.
时而穿过闹市 Along here.
时而拾级而上 Up here.
最终到达这里 声名狼藉的煎饼磨坊 And finally over here, to the infamous Moulin de la Galette.
磨坊是雷诺阿最喜爱的游乐之地 The Moulin was Renoir's favourite playground.
其实所有人都最喜欢来这里娱乐 It was everyone's favourite playground.
这里有酒吧 有餐厅 有舞池 A bar, a restaurant, a dance floor,
每个周六的下午 当一周繁忙的工作结束 it really came to life on Sunday afternoons
这里便变得热闹非凡 at the end of the working week,
打情骂俏 载歌载舞 都达到了最高潮 when the flirting and the dancing reached its climax.
顺便提一句 这就是煎饼 This is a galette, by the way.
店里会卖这种便宜又受欢迎的蛋糕 It's a cheap and popular cake they sold in there.
然而人们来到磨坊 并非是慕蛋糕之名 But people didn't come to the Moulin for the cakes.
他们是来寻求机遇 They came for the opportunities,
寻找奇遇 以及生活的乐趣 the adventures, the joie de vivre,
而这些正是雷诺阿想要描绘的场面 and that's what Renoir set out to paint as well.
他在磨坊的舞池中辛勤地描画了好几个月 He worked on it for months inside the Moulin, on the dance floor,
蒙马特的姑娘以及她们的朋友都是他的模特 using the Montmartre girls and their friends as models.
简·玛戈正在画中某处欢笑 Jeanne Margot's in there somewhere having fun.
她的姐姐埃斯特尔 就在画面前排 So is her older sister, Estelle, the girl at the front.
雷诺阿的《煎饼磨坊的舞会》 Renoir's Moulin was shown
在1877年第三届印象派画展上展出了 at the third Impressionist exhibition of 1877,
这幅画吸引了众人的眼球 where everybody noticed it.
这是一幅巨大而华丽的图画 It's a fabulous, fabulous picture.
但他画这幅画的目的远非描绘蒙马特地区 But to see it only as a record of fun and frolics in Montmartre
人们游乐嬉戏的场景那么简单 would be a mistake.
《煎饼磨坊的舞会》 The Moulin de la Galette
是印象派对社会变革发表的有力宣言 is also a big Impressionist statement, about social change.
雷诺阿作品的主角 The new heroes of Renoir's art
并非神父 皇帝或是将军 aren't priests or emperors or generals,
他们也许会在画中出现 though there's probably a few of those in there somewhere,
毕竟人人都会来磨坊游玩 everyone came to the Moulin.
真正的主角是那些自食其力的姑娘 But the real heroes here are the working girls
和那些气度不凡的小伙子 and the young chaps with attitude,
这些时髦的巴黎人 喧嚷嬉闹 the modern Parisians in whose boisterous grasp
而未来 就把握在他们手中 the future now lay.
《煎饼磨坊的舞会》的革新性 Something else revolutionary about
还体现完成在这幅画所用的工具上 The Ball at the Moulin de la Galette is the way it's painted.
印象派画作有一大特点 It's often true of Impressionist art,
距离越近 越容易体会到其中革命性的元素 the closer you get, the more revolutionary it seems.
雷诺阿 莫奈 毕沙罗的所有画作 All Renoir's art, all Monet's art, and Pissarro's,
之所以能够为艺术史添上浓墨重彩的一笔 is a tribute to the crucial contribution to art history
都要归功于这种浑身是宝的动物 made by this fine animal here.
它身上的毛可以做成高质量的画笔 This excellent brush in waiting.
它就是小猪胖胖 Porky, the pig.
绘制印象派的画作离不开优质的画笔 Brushes were the key to Impressionism.
手握刚制作好的画笔 Without the latest brushes
蘸着刚调制好的颜料 使用最尖端的技法 applying the latest colours in the latest ways,
印象派的画作才得以诞生 Impressionism couldn't have happened.
传统意义上的画笔由这个小家伙身上的毛制成 Traditionally brushes were made out of this little chappie here.
鼬科分为各种旁枝侧系 皆可用来制笔 Out of different members of the weasel family.
工匠可用各种鼬科动物的毛发来制造画笔 Various types of weasel hair were used,
而其中最为珍贵的毛发 the most precious of which
当属西伯利亚貂毛 这种貂生活在西伯利亚 came from the kolinsky sable, which lived in Siberia,
为了抵御刺骨的严寒 and to protect itself from the cold
它们进化出了这种特殊的毛发 the kolinsky had developed this special fur
能够吸收空气 阻挡其直接吹到皮肤 that trapped the air bubbles.
因而 这种毛发做成的画笔 And when it was used in artists' brushes,
吸收颜料的特性很强 it kept the paint very well
不会将颜料一下子全倾泻到画布上 and released it slowly,
若画家想让画质变得光滑而有光泽 so artists who wanted to use glossy surfaces, shiny surfaces,
就会选用西伯利亚貂毛画笔 they used the sable.
然而19世纪时 出现了重大转折 In the 19th century, however, a crucial switchover occurred.
绘画技法 画家志向以及动物毛发全变了 In techniques, ambitions and animals.
创作风景画的画家放弃了光滑纤细的貂毛 Instead of smooth, silky, sable hair,
转而开始使用这种小猪身上的毛发 landscape artists began to use the hair from little piggy here.
与貂毛相比 猪毛更硬 更粗 Hog's hair was stiffer, thicker,
外行人用起来更不顺手 更容易出差错 and in the wrong hands, clumsier and messier.
然而 在印象派画家这等高手看来 But in the right hands, the hands of the Impressionists,
用猪毛做的画笔简直妙极 hog's hair made your brushes sing.
猪毛画笔并不能流畅地在画布上滑行 Hog's hair brushes didn't glide around the canvas,
而是在画布上纵横驰骋 连戳带划 they dug and scraped across it
尽情描画出一条条由颜料构成的沟壑 in exciting furrows of paint and colour.
一种新的语言诞生了 A new language has being invented,
其目标既不在愚弄人 and its ambition isn't to fool you
也不在故弄玄虚 or pretend something is there that isn't,
它志在透过绘画作品与你交流 its ambition is to speak to you, through paint.
并使你兴奋 And excite you.
这种可爱的小生物对推动艺术进步 So that's the superb contribution to progressive art
作出了卓越贡献 made by this fine creature here,
它是印象派画家的至友 the best friend the Impressionists ever had.
塞纳河长达776公里 The River Seine is 776 kilometres long.
纵横于阿尔卑斯山 It flows all the way from the Swiss Alps
与英吉利海峡之间 to the English Channel,
但就艺术性而言 but as far as art is concerned,
它的有趣之处尽在巴黎 it only really gets interesting when it gets to Paris.
在巴黎 塞纳河趋向错综复杂 In Paris the Seine grows complex and devious,
反向扭曲 玩弄着地形 twisting back on itself, toying with the geography.
当其流到巴黎城的另一端时 By the time it comes out the other side,
便形成了无比迷人的一条河 it's become such a fascinating river.
塞纳河得其名自 Apparently the word Seine
古老的凯尔特语 comes from the ancient Celtic
意为"神圣之河" and actually means "Sacred river".
在印象派画家心中 它的确是神圣之河 The Impressionists certainly worshipped it.
他们乐此不疲地描绘着塞纳河 They kept painting it and repainting it,
使它成为世界上被描绘得最多的一条河 until they'd made it the most painted river ever, anywhere.
他们对它的拜访风雨无阻 They saw it in all weathers.
无论是夏天还是冬天 In summer and in winter.
无论在神秘的雾霭中 还是骇人的涨潮时 In mysterious mists and terrifying floods.
塞纳河也是一条实用的水上高速公路 And the Seine was much too useful as a watery motorway
由巴黎驶向大洋 from Paris to the sea
776公里的美因此难以经久不衰 to remain pretty for 776 kilometres.
有时新建的工厂胡乱占据着它的河床 Sometimes the new satanic mills cluttering its banks
向空气中排放一些可怕物质 coughed horrible things into the air
并以黑暗污染了天空 and filled the sky with darkness.
但多数时候它是令人愉快的 But most of the time it was delightful.
当那些兴高采烈的巴黎人民 All these happy Parisians
以新的方式在户外欢享着他们的闲暇时光 enjoying their new leisure time in new outdoor ways.
泛舟 航行 寻欢作乐 Boating, sailing, having fun.
在印象派的故事中 And one thing you can rely on
有一点毋庸置疑 in the story of Impressionism,
只要有欢乐的地方 就有雷诺阿 is where there's fun, there's Renoir.
在法国旧时 In the old days in France,
周日用于前往教堂 Sundays were for going to church,
同你的造物主亲密交谈和忏悔 for communing with your creator and feeling guilty.
但在这些雷诺阿绘画的新世俗周日上 But in these new secular Sundays that Renoir paints,
双休日用于享乐 the weekends are for fun.
如今周日被用于放松 打扮得漂漂亮亮 And Sundays are now for relaxing and looking beautiful,
炫耀你别致的装扮 for parading in your finery,
与人调情 共进午餐 尤其还得跳舞 for flirting, lunching and above all, for dancing.
雷诺阿不出意外是个舞场能手 Apparently Renoir was a fiend on the dance floor,
一个精通摇摆 不可思议的舞者 a really good mover, marvellous dancer,
他对波尔卡舞与华尔兹舞的热爱不容忽略 and his love of polkas and waltzes is unmissable
我最喜欢雷诺阿的那几幅画 in his favourite paintings of mine,
描绘的便是舞姿 Renoir's dance pictures.
有谁能抗拒得了 Come on, how can anyone resist
这些情侣们快速旋转着的画面重现 these twirling evocations of couples having fun?
雷诺阿在生活中的喜悦确实具有感染力 Renoir's joie de vivre is surely contagious.
雷诺阿最富雄心的舞蹈图 The most ambitious of Renoir's dancing pictures,
《布吉瓦尔的舞者》中的主角苏珊·瓦拉登 The Dance at Bougival, features Suzanne Valadon,
一名拥有致命魅力的蒙马特女模 an outrageously gorgeous Montmartre model,
迷倒了一位又一位杰出的艺术家 who turned many a fine artistic mind to jelly.
瓦拉登在雷诺阿的各种画作上现身 Valadon pops up here and there in Renoir's art,
有时她会穿着衣服 sometimes with her clothes on,
更多时候没有 often without them.
她是个现代女孩 被誉为新维纳斯 She's the modern girl as the new Venus,
有时幻化作希腊女神 elbowing out the imaginary goddesses of the Greeks
有时则是活生生的蒙马特女孩 and elbowing in the living, breathing girls of Montmartre.
就连雷诺阿 Even Renoir,
这位不擅捕捉人物性格的画家 who was hardly a prober of people's character,
也不禁注意着苏珊·瓦拉登 found something deep to notice in Suzanne Valadon.
他就在这里 描绘了她在布日瓦尔的舞姿 He painted her dancing, here, at Bougival.
雷诺阿在瓦拉登的眼中看到了某些情感 Renoir saw something far away in Valadon's eyes,
疑虑 梦想 遗憾 a doubt, a dream, a regret.
虽然画中对于人物性格的刻画 As characterisation,
并未达到伦勃朗的深度 it's not in the Rembrandt league,
却比雷诺阿其他的画作深刻许多 but it is deeper than we usually expect of Renoir.
雷诺阿这些描绘人们 These sensuous pleasure pictures of Renoir's
寻欢作乐的的户外画作 painted on location outdoors
是他对传统画风发出的挑战 are deliberately blowing raspberries at the old masters.
它们传达的讯息指出 现代世界 Their message is that the modern world
和现代人所做之事 and the things modern people do
才是最适合伟大艺术作品的素材 are a fitting subject for great art.
如今 我们并不重视雷诺阿的这些宴会画作 Today, we tend to look down on Renoir's party paintings
并批判其表象肤浅 and accuse them of superficiality.
正如雷诺阿本人曾抱怨的 As Renoir himself once complained,
当你微笑时 人们便以为你不正经 people don't take you seriously if you smile.
好极了 Bravo.
当时的世界逐渐开放起来 The world was opening up.
旧时不易去往的地点 如今可以轻松到达 Places that had been so difficult to get to were now easy.
这里是艾特大 在诺曼底 This place, Etretat, in Normandy,
从巴黎出发只需搭一班火车 was just a train ride from Paris.
真正的困难 要从抵达这里后开始 The difficulties here started after you arrived.
莫奈从小便熟知艾特大 Monet knew Etretat from his youth.
他在勒阿弗尔长大 就在这海岸上 He grew up in Le Havre, just up the coast from here,
他小时候常在海滩上玩耍 and he was, of course, a beach bum by instinct.
多年后 莫奈作为一名成熟的印象派画家 When Monet returned here
回到这里 a full-grown Impressionist,
他住在海边的一所旅馆里 he'd stay in a hotel just back from the beach.
有时他愿意透过旅馆的窗户观海作画 Sometimes he was content to paint the view from the hotel window.
多数时候则不然 But most times he wasn't.
在艾特大作画可不容易 Painting in Etretat was anything but simple.
事实上麻烦到家了 In fact, it was damned difficult.
莫奈得拖着他的画具 Monet would have to lug his gear
越过这些艰险的巨石 across all these treacherous boulders
才能到达便于落脚的地方 to get to the best rocks.
接着他必须爬到那上面 And then he'd have to clamber up there
穿过那令人毛骨悚然的隧道 to that spooky tunnel you can see...
才能到达另一头他最爱的海滩 ..to his favourite beach on the other side.
现在 要到那下头去 更是难上加难 These days, it's even tougher to get down there.
海水将它分割成了两段 The sea's completely cut it off.
若他尚富裕 If he was in the money,
他会找当地的孩子来帮他搬运画具 he'd get some of the local kids to carry his gear for him,
你得想象一下 so you have to imagine
一群小孩子 a procession of small children,
搬运着许多画布 画架 阳伞 overburdened with canvases, easels, parasols,
脚底打着滑 前往莫奈的秘密海滩 slithering across the rocks to get to Monet's secret beach.
有一天 他过于专注地描绘着大海 One day, he was so engrossed in painting the sea
忘却了时间与涨潮 that he lost track of time and forgot the tide.
当潮汐涌来 他被困在这些石头上 As the tide rushed in, he was trapped out here on the rocks.
他的画作被冲得四散而他的裤子裂开了 His paints scattered, his pants ripped,
他的新画布浮在海面上漂向大西洋 his new canvases floating out into the Atlantic.
他回到了旅馆 但也仅此而已 He made it back, but only just.
这里有仅存的几只 These are some of the few
诺曼底当年的渔船 original fishing boats left in Normandy.
莫奈画中描绘的就是这种船 Exactly like the ones Monet painted
而他当年无畏地出海时 乘坐的也是这种船 and went out on when he was feeling particularly reckless.
海浪很高 The tide is high,
乘船前往那些巨石的时候 so you can go all the way to those big rocks out there
感觉好像巨浪要把你吞没似的 and float right underneath them,
想做到这点 要足够愚勇才可以 but you have to be pretty brave to do that and a bit stupid!
另一位我们 Another of the great Impressionists
在本片提及的印象派画家 we'll be looking at in this film,
塞尚 说过一段关于莫奈有名的讥讽 Cezanne, made a famous quip once about Monet.
"莫奈" 塞尚说 "只是一只眼" "Monet," Said Cezanne, "Was just an eye.
"但那是多么了不起的一只眼啊" "But what an eye."
塞尚想说的是 Cezanne was trying to say
莫奈非常精于观察 that Monet was really good at looking,
此言不虚 which he was.
莫奈对于海的观察力强过任何人 Monet watched the sea more intensely than anyone else,
但他历尽艰难 but you don't come all the way out here
冲破巨浪 到这里来 and float under that thing
依靠的可不仅是一只眼 if all you are is an eye.
要做到这个 还必须有一颗强大的心脏 To do this, you need to have a big heart as well.
并且要有旺盛的精力 And a mighty set of cojones.
在陆地上作画 不见得更容易一些 Dry land, though, isn't always a relaxing alternative -
尤其当大自然决定让你吃点苦头时 not when nature decides to make it tough for you.
而印象派画家对雪十分偏爱 The Impressionists were very partial to snow.
他们都画过雪景 They all painted it.
莫奈 雷诺阿 毕沙罗 Monet, Renoir, Pissarro.
雪景成为了印象派画家的专长 The snow picture became an Impressionist speciality.
当然 其中一部分原因 Part of the attraction of course
在于雪景的美 was the beauty of snow scenes.
雪降临之处总带来清新与戏剧性 Snow brings crispness and drama wherever it falls.
但其中还有一些科学因素 But there were also scientific issues to consider,
印象派画作中总要牵涉到科学因素 as there usually are with the Impressionists,
因为在雪中 有一种 because the one thing you get more of in the snow
其他自然条件中没有的现象 than in any other natural conditions,
那就是彩色的阴影 is coloured shadows.
仔细观察一下印象画派的雪景 Look deeper into any Impressionist's snow scene
你通常能发现 and you'll usually find
一些大胆的试验 some brave experimentation going on,
鲜明蓝色与青灰紫色的运用 with vivid blues and livid purples.
轻蔑的评论家关注到这些 Scornful reviewers looking at these
明亮的紫色阴影时 bright purple shadows
有时会爆发出笑声 would sometimes burst out laughing
并指责印象派画家产生了幻觉 and accuse the Impressionists of hallucinating,
但他们并未产生幻觉 but of course they weren't.
他们只是画出了自己亲眼所见之景 They were just painting what they saw,
因为雪影从来都不是黑色的 because snow shadows are never black.
它们向来色彩缤纷 They're always full of colour,
就让我来演示给你看为什么 and I'm going to show you why.
首先 我得给自己建一个投影屏幕 First, I have to build myself a projection screen.
好用来展示这种我们要探究的 Somewhere to show you the natural magic
自然魔法 we're dealing with here.
印象派画家会做在画布上 The Impressionists did it on their canvases.
而我会做在... I'm going to do it...
这上面 ..on this.
那便是我的投影屏幕 So that's my projection screen.
这两支电筒便是人造版本的 Now, these two torches are basically artificial versions
来自冬日的自然光 of the natural light you get around here in the winter.
这是来自天上的阳光 This is the sun shining down from the sky.
这个用来模仿 This one here, that's all the ambient light that you get
白雪反射的微光 reflected up off the snow.
之所以要用雪作为幕布 That's why the snow is so good for showing this,
就是因为它能反射许多微光 because there's so much ambient light reflected off it.
日光 雪光 So sunlight, snow light,
但是如果想知道两者如何一道 but to show you how these two come together
绘出五彩的影子 to create coloured shadows,
我还需要排除其他光源 I need to switch off all the other lights.
就是这样 That's better.
这两个是典型的印象画人物 Now, these are two typical Impressionist figures,
一个男人和一个女人 a man and a woman,
你在许多印象派珍品中 bourgeois types of the kind you see strolling around
都能找到他们的身影 so much Impressionist art.
我还准备了 And I've also got
彩色的薄膜 this coloured cellophane.
我把黄色薄膜挡在光源前 So think of this yellow cellophane
想象这是 as an artificial version
晴天的日光 of a sunny day.
烈日当空 投下黄色的日光 Imagine the sun up in the sky shining lots of yellow light down,
我用黄色的日光 and if I throw this yellow light
照在这对印象情人身上 at the Impressionist couple,
还有这盏光 and also this other light,
用来代表 representing the ambient light
雪折射的微光 你会发现 reflected from the snow, you'll see
印象情人的影子 that the Impressionist couple
是紫色的 are now casting purple shadows.
如果我换成红光 However, if I change the colours and make this a red light -
想象日落时分 夕阳的红光 imagine a red sky with the sun shining at sunset,
照耀这对印象情人的话 and shine that at the Impressionist figures,
你会看到影子的颜色 then you'll see that the colours of the shadows
带了一点绿色 change as well, and become greenish.
这是基础光学物理 It's basic optical science.
不同颜色混合组成了光谱 Light is made up of all the colours of the spectrum,
如果你隔离掉一部分颜色 so if you block off some of these colours,
你的眼睛就会看到新的颜色 the receptors in your eyes begin to see new things.
有趣的是 印象派时代 Interestingly, though, the Impressionist era
不仅仅是科学实验的重要时代 wasn't just an important era for scientific experiment,
影子戏也十分流行 it was also an important era for shadow puppets.
影子戏在当时非常受欢迎 Puppet shows were an immensely popular entertainment
在蒙马特的酒吧和夜总会十分常见 in the bars and cabarets of Montmartre,
人们蜂拥而至 观赏优秀的演出 and huge crowds would flock to see the best ones.
观众中的印象派画家 And any nosy Impressionist in the audience
发现这些迷人的影子 couldn't have failed to notice the intriguing colour issues
有不同的颜色 that were being raised by these puppet shows.
在接下来的节目中 If we jump ahead in this series
我们会讲述修拉的故事 to the Seurat story that's coming up,
在他的画中 彩色的影子与魔幻的影子戏 we'll see coloured shadows and the magic of the puppet show
精妙而大胆地结合在了一起 combined so adventurously and brilliantly.
日安 夫人 Bonjour, Madame.
日安 先生 Bonjour, Monsieur!
你真美 Vous etes tres belle!
最醉心于彩色影子的印象派画家 The Impressionist who was most fascinated by coloured shadows
就是卡米耶·毕沙罗 was Camille Pissarro,
他热衷表现圣诞与冬日雪霜 who loved Christmas scenes and winter frosts.
1872年他搬到了蓬图瓦兹 He found plenty of both here in Pontoise,
在那里找到了圣诞雪景 where he moved in 1872.
毕沙罗不仅外表像圣诞老人 Pissarro didn't just look like Father Christmas,
内心也是实在的圣诞老人 he behaved like him as well.
他最优秀的品质之一 便是他的慷慨 One of his best qualities was his generosity.
当时不少法国艺术家的胸怀 Most French artists of the time
小得像艾弗尔铁塔 had egos the size of the Eiffel Tower
整天只为自己考虑 and thought only of "Moi, moi, moi".
但毕沙罗不是这样 But not Pissarro.
如果你继续看我们的节目 If you keep watching this series,
就会知道 他还帮助高更成为印象派画家 you'll see him helping Gauguin become an Impressionist,
扶持过修拉 那位点彩派天才 and then promoting Seurat, the genius of the dots.
他甚至为又穷又老的梵高 He even made sure poor old Van Gogh
找到一处静谧的居所 had somewhere peaceful to die,
就在这里 蓬图瓦兹上游的欧韦 by bringing him here, to Auvers,
梵高就在这里安然去世 just up the river from Pontoise.
这里安息着文森特·梵高
在我们故事的开始 Back at the beginning of our story,
印象派初期 in the early days of Impressionism,
毕沙罗甚至对一个 Pissarro even took in an interest
别人碰也不想碰的画家感兴趣 in an artist that no-one else would touch with a barge pole.
那是一个固执自私又率直的怪人 A particularly stubborn and selfish and downright weird painter
塞尚 called Cezanne.
塞尚早期的作品 Cezanne's early work,
曾在第一次印象派画展中展出 the pictures he showed in the first Impressionist exhibition,
放到现在仍然可以说很大胆 are still challenging today.
可以想象1874的人们 So imagine what people thought
看到这些画时的心情 when they saw these things in 1874.
古怪的自画像 A peculiar self-portrait,
胡子塞尚仰望着一名裸女 with a bearded Cezanne leching over a shivering nude
场景几近疯狂 in a half-mad brothel scene.
还有这幅塞尚父亲的肖像 用色之冷酷生硬 A portrait of Cezanne's father painted with a palette knife,
仿佛是用焦油雕出来的 and looking as if it's been carved out of tar.
在他之前没有任何人 Never before has anyone produced art
故意要画如此黑暗残酷晦涩的主题 as deliberately dark and crude and tough as these strange pictures.
塞尚把这些早期作品称为Couillarde Cezanne called these early works "Couillarde",
大多数法国人不会用这个词 which is not a word you find in most French dictionaries.
意思差不多是 "有种的" It seems to mean something like "Ballsy".
从这里诞生出来的艺术 An art made...down there.
强奸 肉刑 Rapes, mutilations,
大裸女 big, hunking nudes.
塞尚早期的 The art pouring out of Cezanne
印象主义画作 when he fell in with the Impressionists
十分黑暗诡异 was so black and strange.
毕沙罗改变了他 It was Pissarro who changed all that.
他邀请塞尚来到蓬图瓦兹 He invited Cezanne to Pontoise
说服他走出黑暗 and persuaded him to stop the darkness -
抛弃他内心的阴暗 to get out of himself more, out of his black head,
鼓励他多画外景 and to start painting outdoors,
在实物前创作 before the motif.
类似这样的地方 Somewhere just about here.
这是一个转折点 It was like throwing a switch.
之前塞尚画的都是 这些 One moment, Cezanne is the creator of this.
接下来 他变得感性而自然 The next, he's gone all sensitive and rural,
这些都是他的作品 and he's painting this.
塞尚开始画风景画之后 When Cezanne became a landscape painter,
他的黑暗仿佛在一瞬间变成了闪闪阳光 his darkness seemed suddenly to evaporate into sunny shimmers.
塞尚参加了三次印象派画展 Cezanne showed in three Impressionist exhibitions
然后不出意外地 和毕沙罗闹翻了 and then fell out with Pissarro, which was typical.
塞尚和所有人都会闹翻 Cezanne fell out with everyone.
他回到普罗旺斯 Returning home to Provence,
把自己与巴黎艺术界隔绝 he cut himself off from the Paris art world
在这篇熟悉的土地上继续创作风景画 and devoted himself to painting the landscape he knew best.
这是塞尚的祖宅 热德布芳花园 This is the Cezanne family house, the Jas de Bouffan.
在他的作品中出现过多次 It appears in lots of paintings
时至今日风景依旧 and hasn't really changed that much.
塞尚的父亲是个殷实的银行家 Cezanne's father was a rich banker.
祖宅宽敞舒适 The family home was big and bourgeois.
塞尚很喜欢画这个漂亮的池塘 Cezanne enjoyed painting this posh pond here.
当他画完了风景 And when he finished with the grounds,
就开始画工人 he started on the workforce.
在现实中 热德布芳花园的所有人 In real life, everyone at the Jas de Bouffan
都会时不时地发生口角 was constantly bickering and arguing.
然而当他们开始玩牌 But in the eternal game of cards
时间静止 平和宁静开始降临 that Cezanne turns into one of his greatest subjects,
这一情景成了塞尚最庞大的主题之一 time stops still and peace takes over.
这是塞尚的工作室 就在艾克斯之外 This is the studio Cezanne built for himself just outside Aix,
在这郊外 so he could paint out here
他能不受打扰地绘画 in the countryside with no distractions.
现在这与他离开时变化不大 It's been kept more or less as he left it.
在这里 Inside here,
塞尚使用最简单的素材 Cezanne produced some of the most revolutionary pictures
创作了艺术史上 in the story of art,
最具革命性的作品 using only the simplest ingredients.
他只需要一袋苹果 加上崭新的视角 All he needed was a bag of apples and a new way of looking.
十九世纪中叶 The middle of the 19th century
是光学的伟大时代 was the great era of optical discovery.
关于视觉 有许多里程碑式的发现 All sorts of remarkable things were found out about vision.
我们的眼睛是怎么看的 What actually happens to the eyes when we see something?
视觉的必要元素是什么 What does looking actually involve?
英国人查尔斯·惠特斯通 It was an Englishman, Charles Wheatstone,
在1838年第一次描述立体视觉 who first described stereo vision in 1838.
在那之前 从未有人留心 Until then, no-one had bothered to ask themselves
为什么人类有两只眼睛 why human beings have two eyes.
为什么不是在中间生一个大大的眼睛 Why don't we just have one big eye right here in the middle?
那不会更实用吗 Wouldn't that be more practical?
更经济 More visually economical?
事实是否定的 No, actually.
我们需要有两只眼睛的原因是 Because the reason we have two eyes is that with two eyes,
立体视觉能够让我们更准确地估计距离 we can see in stereo and judge distances more exactly.
因此失去一只眼睛的人 That's why people who lose an eye
一开始会不习惯开车 have difficulty in the beginning driving.
他们不能正确估算距离 They can't judge distances as well.
对于艺术家来说 这个发现意义重大 This had huge artistic implications.
特别是对塞尚来说 Particularly for Cezanne.
如果你仔细看 If you stare hard at these apples
我在路边买的苹果 I bought in the shop down the road,
你会发现两只眼睛看到的苹果是不一样的 you'll notice that each eye sees them differently.
左眼从这边 The left eye sees them from over here.
右眼从这里 The right eye from over here.
如果我用电视把两个视图叠加 If I now combine these two views through the magic of television,
就能得到塞尚式的明暗效果 I'll get a crude Cezanne-ish blurring.
这种视觉上的倾斜是塞尚的标志性特点 An optical tipsiness that's so Cezanne.
因为塞尚意识到 Cos what Cezanne realised
在传统的单点透视观点下 was that traditional, single-point perspective,
所有的东西 where everything is
都像这样在你面前排成一行 是错的 arranged in a line in front of you like that, was wrong.
我们真实看到的是立体的事物 What we actually do is see in stereo,
通过双眼 through two eyes,
它们从略微不同的角度来视物 each of which sees things from slightly different angles.
然后大脑将两个图像拼合成一个 The brain then combines these two images into a single view.
这是个重大的发现 It's a momentous discovery.
传统透视遭到了冲击 Traditional perspective was under attack.
在塞尚工作室外面 这儿 爬上小坡 Outside Cezanne's studio, just up here, a short climb away,
他画下了圣维克多山的著名作品 he painted one of his famous views of the Mont Sainte-Victoire
并表现出另一迷人的光学现象 and explored another fascinating optical phenomenon,
这一现象由查尔斯·惠特斯通发现 discovered by the under-rated Charles Wheatstone,
他还发明了这个奇妙的装置 who invented this contraption here -
幻视镜 the pseudoscope.
它能调换你所有的视觉图像 What this thing does is swap around all your optical information
所以通常你用左眼看到的东西 so what you usually see in your left eye
被转移到了右眼 is moved to the right eye
反之亦然 and vice-versa.
由于双眼互换 As a result of swapping your eyes around,
凹的变凸 凸的变凹 concave shapes become convex and convex shapes become concave.
一切颠倒 Everything is reversed.
很可惜 我无法向你演示这种感觉 Unfortunately, it's totally impossible for me to show you that.
我无法 There is no way
将独立的图像灌输进你们的双眼 I can feed separate information to both your eyes.
你可以想象 透过这个来看 So what you have to imagine is that with one of these,
如果人脸是这张面具 the human face becomes a mask,
你看到的便是这样的一张面具 which you see like that.
背景和前景的位置互换 Backgrounds and foregrounds swap places.
整个远近关系受到了挑战 The entire relationship of far to near is challenged.
塞尚在描绘自己喜爱的群山时 And Cezanne also challenges it in his superb tussles
也使用了这种手法 with the mountain that obsessed him.
《圣维克多山》 The Mont Sainte-Victoire.
他当年是否真的使用这种装置了呢 So did he actually use one of these?
我认为没有 他不喜欢借助这些工具 I don't think so. He wasn't a man for gadgets.
但他肯定对此有所耳闻 But he'll definitely have known about it.
视觉探索风行一时 Optical discovery was in the air
印象派风格就脱胎于对视觉的探索 and everything the Impressionists did was informed by it.
如果你像塞尚那样热情而不懈地 And if you stare at this landscape as intensely,
盯着这些景物 as relentlessly as Cezanne did
总有一天 它们会开始闪光并融合 sooner or later, it'll start to shimmer and coalesce.
直到揭示更深刻的真相 Until it reveals its deeper truth.
这是欧洲桥 This is the Pont de l'Europe.
奇丑无比 你会同意的 Ugly as sin, I think you'll agree.
但它是巴黎最给人艺术灵感的地方之一 But this was one of the most inspirational art locations in Paris.
这里诞生了伟大的印象派作品 Great Impressionist things were done around here.
马奈 印象派之父 Manet, the grandfather of Impressionism,
在圣彼得堡街有一间工作室 had a studio up here on the Rue Saint-Petersbourg.
四号楼 二层 At number four, up on the first floor.
注意那上面的窗户 Notice the window up there.
在马奈的一张描绘欧洲桥的画作中 That pops up again in the smoky background
那烟雾弥漫的背景中 of a very curious Manet painting
就有这扇窗户的身影 set on the Pont de l'Europe.
画中有一个巴黎保姆和一个小女孩 It shows a Parisian nanny with a little girl,
小女孩正张望铁路轨道 who looks out across the railway tracks
像犯人透过监狱栅栏凝视 like a prisoner staring through the bars of a cage.
记住 马奈住在这里时 Remember, when Manet was living here,
一切都是全新的 all this was brand new.
整个地区被掘开并规划 The entire area had just been dug up and laid out
拜臭名昭著的奥斯曼男爵所赐 by the infamous Baron Haussmann,
他是巴黎的重建者 rebuilder of Paris.
下面的圣拉扎尔车站 And the Gare Saint-Lazare down there,
也就是画中小姑娘盯着看的地方 at which the little girl in the picture is staring,
是巴黎最早的火车站 that was the first railway station in Paris.
为了把巴黎新的连通性 And to emphasise the city's new connectivity
展示给世界看 to the rest of the world,
奥斯曼把所有 Haussmann had given all the boulevards
从欧洲桥出发的大街 radiating from the Pont de l'Europe
都冠上了欧洲各首都的名字 the names of European capitals.
伦敦 London.
马德里 Madrid.
君士坦丁堡 Constantinople.
爱丁堡 Edinburgh.
是的 爱丁堡 Yes, Edinburgh.
罗马 Rome!
圣彼得堡 Saint Petersburg.
所有道路都从巴黎出发 All these roads that lead out of Paris.
这也是马奈的画中的"小囚犯" That's what the little prisoner in Manet's painting
幻想中的地方 is dreaming of as well.
她无法企及的新自由 The new freedom that she can't get to.
她的保姆也不能 And neither can her nanny,
悲哀地被困在铁轨的另一头 trapped sadly on the wrong side of the tracks.
谁说印象派没有内涵 Who says Impressionism never had a message?
但在这里 最忙的印象派画家要属莫奈 But the busiest Impressionist around here was Monet.
他对欧洲桥的兴趣不大 He was less interested in the Pont de l'Europe
而是对桥下发生的一切更感兴趣 and more interested in what was going on down there -
圣拉扎尔车站的那片烟雾地狱 in that smoky hell of the Gare Saint-Lazare.
印象派画家是圣拉扎尔车站的常客 The Impressionists were frequent visitors to the Gare Saint-Lazare.
火车从此处出发 前往郊外 It was from here that trains left the city for the suburbs
使得塞纳河晴朗的景致近在咫尺 and brought all those sunny views of the Seine within easy reach.
但在1877年 莫奈突发灵感 But in 1877, Monet had a Eureka moment.
不画阳光和河岸 Instead of painting the sunshine and the river banks,
何不画一画车站本身呢 why not paint the station itself?
雾 蒸汽 漫无边际的暖气 The fog, the steam, the apocalyptic belching?
多么富有现代气息的元素 Now that would be modern.
雷诺阿说 他疯了 Renoir told him he was mad.
更何况 他根本进不去 Besides, he'd never get in.
当年和现在一样 不能直接 Then, as now, you don't just waltz
走进车站干线 然后作画 into a mainline station and paint it.
要遵守规则 填写表格 There were rules to be followed. Forms to be filled in.
跟一些循规蹈矩的人交涉 Jobsworths to be dealt with.
安排下来得几个月时间 It should have taken months to organise.
莫奈一天就搞定了 Monet fixed it in a day.
穿上最华丽的衣服 Putting on his poshest clothes,
他要求见车站的站长 he demanded to see the director of the station
因为他是莫奈 是大画家 because he was Monet, the great painter.
当然了 站长从没听说过他 The director had never heard of him before, of course.
他只关心火车 而非艺术 His thing was trains, not art.
但这个华服家伙出现了 But this posh chap turns up
告诉他要关闭车站 and tells him he wants to close down the station,
延迟去鲁昂的火车 to delay the train to Rouen
还要用烟雾充满整个空间 and to fill the space with extra smoke.
站长刚想对他说不 The director is just about to tell him no
莫奈高声说 when Monet piped up,
前几天我去见了北站的站长 "I went to see the director of the Gare du Nord the other day
他盛情款待了我 "And he was very welcoming.
你知道吗 我不大确定 "Do you know, I can't quite decide
是画北站呢 还是画这里 "Whether to do this at the Gare du Nord or here.
你觉得呢 主管先生 "What do you think, Monsieur le directeur?"
第二天 他进去了 The next day, he was in.
所有的延误火车引擎全开 It was actually very dangerous to fill the station
烟雾充满车站 with all the smoke from all the engines
真是一件危险的事 of all the delayed trains.
但这就是莫奈追求的效果 But that was the effect Monet was after.
他打算画出能想象到的最大的雾景 He'd set out to paint the foggiest sight he could imagine.
超越特纳的视角 A vision that out-Turnered Turner.
烟雾弥漫的列车棚 A train shed full of smoke.
一打速成的画布记录下了他的作战历程 A dozen quickly painted canvases record his battle.
这些画在1877年的第三届印象派画展上展出 They were unveiled at the third Impressionist exhibition in 1877
是莫奈最著名的成就之一 and are among his most dramatic achievements.
人类很好地经营了自然的财富 Man giving nature a good run for her money
制造出云雾 in the production of clouds and fogs
和雷电般的轰鸣 and apocalyptic thunder.
莫奈冒着生命危险画火车站 Monet could have died painting his station pictures.
一氧化碳和烟雾令人窒息 choking on carbon monoxide and smoke.
但他是印象派画家 But he was an Impressionist
印象派画家们不走捷径 and Impressionists don't take shortcuts.
他们坚定 果敢 不惜一切代价 These guys were determined, hardcore, and did whatever it took.
为何他们在极寒的野外蹒跚而行 Why they tramped through fields of the coldest cold,
只为捕捉影子的色彩 just to capture the colour of shadows.
他们艰苦跋涉上山 They trekked up mountains.
哪里的自然景观令他们印象深刻 Wherever nature impressed them,
他们就追到哪里 试图将其捕捉下来 the Impressionists went after it and tried to capture it.
雾 Fogs.
洪水 Floods.
暴风雨 Rain storms.
暗藏危险的黑色海岸地带 And treacherous coastal black spots.
他们追寻真理 直至天涯海角 They were after the truth and went where it took them.
道路从不平坦 And that's never been an easy journey.
注意 印象派画家的探索并非都在 Mind you, not all the exploring the Impressionists did
室外进行 was done outdoors.
有时 最有趣的景致 Sometimes the most interesting sights
就在你鼻子底下 are right there under your nose.
下一集我们将进行 As we'll find out in the next film
对室内印象派画作的解读 when we investigate the Impressionists indoors.