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翻译：麦克杜格 小康 文氓小英熊 沸石 jasmine雪
校对：Leona 时间轴：Ghost
后期：鱼骨头 总监：Leona
印象派: 绘画与革命
人物的描绘
*Though it hardly looked like a novel at all*
*And the city treats me, it treats me to you*
*And a cup of coffee for you*
*I should learn its language and speak it to you*
*And 70 million should be in the know*
*70 million don't go out at all*
*And 70 million wouldn't walk this street*
*And 70 million would run to a hole*
*And 70 million would be wrong, wrong, wrong*
*And 70 million never see it at all*
*And 70 million haven't tasted snow. *
因为这部纪录片的主题是印象派 Because this is a series about Impressionism,
你可能认为我大部分时间都会待在户外 you probably expect me to spend most of my time outdoors,
音乐
欣赏河流 花园 及泛舟聚会 enjoying rivers and gardens and boating parties.
因为在多数人看来 这就是印象派的主题 Because that's what most people think Impressionism was about.
主持人 瓦尔德玛·雅努史扎克
有些作品确实如此 Some of it was, of course.
在上一集我们也欣赏了很多晴朗时光 And we certainly saw a lot of sunny days in the last film.
那集的主题就是印象派的户外画作 The one about the Impressionists outdoors.
还记得塞纳河畔的雷诺阿吗 Remember Renoir by The Seine?
还有在艾特大的莫奈 And Monet at Etretat?
自然 以一种全新的方式 Nature, observed and recorded.
被观察和记录了下来 The new way.
但若是你认为印象派作品只关注于 But to think that Impressionism was mainly concerned
描绘河流和花园 那就错了 with painting rivers and gardens is a mistake.
因为事实并非如此 Because it wasn't.
对印象派画家来说 在室内观察人物 For the Impressionists, staying indoors and watching the people
与到户外观察自然风光 was just as important as going outdoors
同等重要 and watching the landscape.
印象派作品中 经常出现资产阶级的身影 You'll spot many a migrating bourgeois in Impressionist art.
或成双成对 或形单影只 In couples and in singles.
有时 画作的风格甚至很冷酷 And it can get bleak.
莫奈在家族聚餐上 Monet sits in on a family lunch
看看这阴暗的场景 and notices how gloomy it's got.
是的 这确实是莫奈 而非易卜生 Yes, this really is Monet and not Ibsen.
事实上 印象派作品中充满了人 The fact is, Impressionism is packed with people.
他们无处不在 They're everywhere.
我认为任何艺术时期的任何社会 I don't think any society anywhere in art has been watched,
都没有像印象派画家时代的 categorised and judged
法国居民区那样 as intensely as the inhabitants of France
被如此彻底地观察 分类 和评价 in Impressionist times.
在巴黎的每个咖啡厅 每场宴会之后 Behind every banquette, in every Parisian cafe,
都潜伏着印象派画家的眼睛 寻找目标 there lurked an Impressionist twitcher, spotting the clients.
连在卧室里 都无法逃脱他们的观察 You couldn't hide from them in the bedroom either,
因为他们就藏在床下 观察你穿衣服 because they were under the bed, watching you get dressed.
印象派画家以史无前例的敏锐 The Impressionists witnessed the theatre of life
捕捉到了眼前生活的精彩之处 unfolding before them with unprecedented keenness.
同史上所有伟大的肖像画家那样 And, like all the great portraitists in history,
他们不仅仅对人物表面的样子感兴趣 they weren't just interested in how people looked.
他们还着迷于人物丰富的内心世界 They were fascinated by their inner lives as well.
这是德加的首幅巨作 This is Degas' first masterpiece.
他早在20出头时就开始创作这幅画了 He started painting it in his early 20s
然后按照惯例 他涂涂改改了好几年 and then faffed about with it for years, as was his wont.
他们全部是德加的家人 They're all members of the Degas family.
这个女人是他的姑姑劳拉 The woman is his Aunt Laura, his father's sister.
她嫁给了右边的这个男人 She's married to the man on the right,
乔纳罗·贝莱利男爵 Baron Gennaro Bellelli,
一个来自佛罗伦萨的意大利有钱人 a posh Italian from Florence.
这是他们的两个孩子 And these are their two children.
坐着的这个是佛罗伦萨 Julia, sitting down,
左边的这个是乔凡娜 and Giovanna, on the left.
德加是典型的资产阶级 Degas was very bourgeois.
他来自于一个银行家家族 He came from a family of bankers.
这里 画的后面 And here, at the back of the painting,
是一幅画中画 is a picture within a picture
是他的祖父雷内-希雷亚·德加的肖像 of his grandfather, Rene-Hilaire Degas.
他是这个金融世家里最富有的人 He was the richest of the banking clan,
严厉而暴躁 stern and grumpy.
这位祖父住在那不勒斯 The grandfather lived in Naples.
这边是德加为他画的另一幅肖像 There's another picture of him here by Degas.
还有其余的家庭成员 And all these other members of the family.
这是德加的姐姐 玛格丽特·德加 This is Degas' sister, Marguerite Degas.
注意她拼写自己姓的方式 Now, look at the way she spells her name.
玛格丽特·德·加 Marguerite De Gas.
他们这样做 是为了听上去更高贵 They did that to sound posh.
法语姓名之间的"德"字象征贵族身份
他们真名是德加 正如画家此处的签名 Their real name was Degas, as the painter signs himself here.
这个家族没有资格称呼自己为德·加 The family had no right to call themselves De Gas,
但是他们试图使自己听上去血统更高贵 but they were trying to sound better bred than they were,
这是典型的资产阶级行为 which was very bourgeois of them.
这里是德加本人 And this here is Degas himself.
傲慢 阴沉 Arrogant, surly,
厌恶女性 孤身一人 misogynist and bachelor,
同时还是一位十分聪明的画家 and a very clever painter
这些都用近乎残忍的线条表现了出来 with a cruel streak to him.
德加是个很难相处的人 Degas was a very difficult man.
但同时又是一名天才 But he was also a genius
并且极度反叛 热爱冒险 and quite shockingly ungovernable and adventurous.
这是他早期的作品 看上去中规中矩 This is all his early work and it looks very traditional.
但即便是在这里 But even here...
他也可以如此令人吃惊 He could be so outrageous.
贝莱利一家的画像 The portrait of the Bellellis,
表面看来十分高雅宁静 which seems so elegant and sedate,
却在德加的家族里引起了骚动 caused a big rumpus in the Degas family.
这里的劳拉 德加嫁到意大利的姑姑 Laura here, Degas' Italian aunt,
德加可能的仰慕对象 whom he probably had a thing for,
厌恶着自己的丈夫 乔纳罗男爵 detested her husband, Baron Gennaro.
他们都十分不快 They were deeply unhappy.
这幅画里的她实际上还怀着 She's actually pregnant in this picture
他们的第三个孩子 with their third child.
但看看她 多么不高兴 But look how unjoyous she seems
站的地方 与他的距离有多远 and how far away from him she stands.
这是一幅深刻地 This is a painting that goes deeply,
甚至冷酷地直刺 cruelly almost, into the realms
人物内心和女性苦恼的作品 of personal psychology and feminine unhappiness.
德加 我将尽我所能地在本集中 Degas, whom we're going to concentrate on in this film
集中介绍的画家 for as long as I can get away with,
是如此的富有才华 because he was such a genius,
他骨子中就存在着反叛的基因 had the rebel gene in him from the start.
他是如此的不受约束 着实令人惊讶 He was so ungovernable, it's really surprising.
他属于优越的资产阶级 银行家的儿子 Here's this haute bourgeois, a banker's son,
接受的都是正统的艺术教育 whose art education was completely traditional.
高级的学校 高等美术学院 Posh school, Ecole des Beaux-Arts,
所有这些都应该把他塑造成 everything in his past should have made him
这样的画家 this kind of painter.
但事实却不是这样 But it didn't.
他竟成为了这样... It made him...this.
以及这样 And this.
还有这样 And this.
德加没有按照正统的路线走下去 Something went very wrong in grand bourgeois genetics
而是呈现出另一种风格 when it produced Degas.
这偏差是如此的光彩照人 五彩缤纷 Something glorious and colourful,
朦胧而醉人 blurry and intoxicating.
这是富有活力且前所未有的变化 It's a dynamic and inventive mutation,
在这之中 金融界所带来的文明 and there's not much in the story of civilisation
并没有起到很大的作用 we should thank the banking world for,
不过我们应该感谢他们带来了这个 but we do need to thank them for this.
众所周知 英国人和法国人 As you know, the British and the French
之间的关系并不是很友好 don't always see eye to eye.
他们并不是天生的兄弟 They're not really natural buddies.
因此 如果我想告诉你英国 So, if I was to suggest to you that Britain's influence
对印象主义的影响至关重要 on Impressionism was crucial,
最好还是悄悄地说出来 it's probably best if I suggest it quietly.
英国对印象主义的影响至关重要 Britain's influence on Impressionism was crucial.
是英国人将赛马运动传入法国的 It was the British who introduced horseracing into France,
就像他们传入了泛舟 浸浴 和漫步 just as they'd introduced boating and bathing and rambling.
说到发明消磨周日时光的新方法 When it came to inventing new ways of not doing much on Sundays,
英国人是当之无愧的冠军 the British were definitely the champs.
隆格尚这家著名的赛马场于1857年开放 This famous racecourse at Longchamp was only opened in 1857
是臭名昭著的奥斯曼男爵 as part of the dramatic redesign of Paris
重建巴黎计划中的一部分 by the infamous Baron Haussmann.
奥斯曼在一片荒野 布洛涅森林 Haussmann created this entire park from scratch,
上建造了整个公园 the Bois de Boulogne.
我相信它的原型就是海德公园 It was based, I believe, on Hyde Park.
在其中 他建造了这个巨大 And inside, he placed this huge,
熙攘的隆格尚赛马场 rowdy racecourse of Longchamp.
赛马在法国民众间迅速掀起了一股热潮 Racing was an immediate hit with the French public,
成为了周末的新消遣 something else to do at the weekend.
新潮的人群聚集的地方 And where the modern public went,
往往也吸引了前卫的画家 the modern painter was quick to follow.
马奈以疾风般迅速的笔法 Manet captured Longchamp's frenzy
抓住了隆格尚的狂热情境 in a flurry of speedy brushstrokes.
但在印象派画家中 是德加 But among the Impressionists, it was Degas,
那位银行家的儿子 对马最为狂热 the banker's son, who most loved the horsies.
德加当时在寻找新的 时髦的创作素材 Degas was looking for new, modern subjects to paint
而他绝不能错过隆格尚 and he couldn't really miss Longchamp.
当这里的人群兴奋起来的时候 When the crowd in here gets excited,
他们的吼叫可以一路传回巴黎市中心 you can hear their roar all the way back to central Paris.
热情的巴黎人在周日齐聚在这里 Eager Parisians would crowd in here on a Sunday
以各种方式互相炫耀 and parade, strut, display.
然而 德加的兴趣却更多地 Degas, though, was more interested
落到了骑师和赌马人的身上 in the jockeys than the punters.
他们鲜艳的骑装与背景戏剧化的对比 The drama of their colours against the landscape.
他们突然在你身边掠过的身影 Their sudden loomings above you.
在同一时期 另一位极富影响的英国人 Now at exactly this time, another influential Englishman,
摄影师埃德沃德·迈布里奇 the photographer Eadweard Muybridge,
同样研究着赛马 was also investigating horses.
迈布里奇试着要解决一个关于 Muybridge was trying to solve the ancient mystery
飞驰骏马的古老疑问 of a galloping horse.
它究竟是怎么运动的 How exactly does it move?
为何 过去画家将它们绘于纸上的时候 Why, when artists painted it in the past,
总是充满了违和感 did it always look so wrong?
为了解决这些疑问 To answer these questions,
迈布里奇做了一个实验 Muybridge set up an experiment.
他沿着训练场设置了一排照相机 He arranged a row of cameras along a training field
一条条紧拉的跘线穿过跑道 and tripwires stretched across the course
和照相机连接 and connected to the cameras.
当骏马飞驰而过时 便会牵动跘线 The idea was that when a galloping horse passed by here,
在整段路上触发一系列的快门 it would trigger a series of extra fast exposures,all the way along.
闪光灯一下一下地闪烁着 Flash...flash...flash.
照相机喀嚓喀嚓地记录着 Picture, picture, picture.
飞奔的马最终被定格在一张一张的相片中 The moving horse in action was finally frozen, step by step,
一个又一个的秘密浮出水面 Secret by secret.
迈布里奇描写动物运动的著作 Degas bought Muybridge's book on the animal in motion
在法国一经出版 德加便购入囊中 as soon as it came out in France,
加以苦读 and he studied it assiduously.
但令人大跌眼镜的是 But I told you he was contrary,
真正吸引德加的似乎并非是马儿飞驰时 and what really seemed to fascinate Degas about the horse in motion
那优雅矫健的英姿 was not how graceful it looked or how powerful,
或是那些普通的优点 the usual horsey cliches,
而是一种扭曲 but how contorted.
不久他就制作了一批从未被展出的雕像 Later, he made some sculptures which he never showed to anyone.
在他死前没有人知道雕像的存在 No-one knew he'd done them until he died.
但看着德加私藏的雕塑 But according to Degas's private sculptures,
就会发现马儿奔跑时真正秘密 the true secret of the horse's movement
在于它们的笨拙僵硬 一身蛮力上 is that it's awkward, strained and sinewy.
毫无优雅可言 Not at all graceful.
德加对动物运动的全新理解 This new way of understanding animal movement in Degas's art,
这种粗犷犀利的全新表现 this harsh new way of looking,
并不仅限于马 didn't just apply to horses.
也被运用到了人的身上 It applied to people too,
尤其是女人 particularly women.
迈布里奇也拍女人 Muybridge had also photographed women,
回旋起舞 婀娜多姿 swirling and dancing, twisting this way and that.
翩若惊鸿的女子 Always in action.
迈布里奇拍摄的奔马和女人 Muybridge's images of moving horses and women
对德加的作品产生了前所未有的影响 had an impact on Degas's art that no-one could have predicted.
使德加总是居高临下地观察女性 They inspired him to start looking at women
并带来了创造性的视觉感受 from such awkward angles and inspired viewpoints.
大众认为从这些令人诧异的角度来观察 A common reaction to these startling views of
妓女和演员在浴盆里 stretching prostitutes and actresses,
扭动 屈体 擦身 twisting, leaning, drying themselves in their tubs,
表现了德加在故意凌辱这些裸女 is that they show Degas deliberately humiliating his naked women.
强迫她们摆出丑陋粗野的姿态 Forcing them to take up ugly and graceless poses.
他绝对是个厌恶女性的人 It's certainly true that he was a misogynist.
"我宁可养100头羊" 他曾经叫嚣 "I'd rather keep 100 sheep," He once snapped,
"也胜过一个心急口快的女人" "Than one outspoken girl."
德加确实在画中隐藏了对女性的厌恶 Degas had plenty to hide in his feelings about women.
但在我看来 这并非是这些画作的主题 But I don't think that's what these great pastels are about.
它们并非刻意表现了羞辱和虐待 I don't think these are about humiliation or cruelty.
而是另有深意 They're about something else,
蕴含着德加在阅读迈布里奇的著作后的感受 something Degas discovered in Muybridge's horse book.
这些画展现了真正的运动 They're about true movement,
展现了笨拙的扭动和不雅的屈身 about awkward twisting and ungainly leaning.
人体运动的姿态 The human body in motion,
从钥匙孔中被敏锐地观察着 brilliantly observed through the keyhole,
当它认为无人察觉时 when it thinks no one is looking.
在这些雕塑中 In his horse sculptures,
德加仿佛用一种崭新的3D视角来观察马匹 Degas seems to see the moving horse in a new kind of 3D.
在描绘浴中妓女和伸展肢体的女演员时 And in his ravishing pastels of bathing prostitutes
他用夸张的3D视角 居高临下地俯视女性 and stretching actresses, he looks down at the girls
在艺术界 这是前所未有的壮举 from extravagant, 3D viewpoints that art had never chosen before.
与其说这是描绘裸体的一大进步 This is more than a new chapter in the story of the nude,
不如说这是另起炉灶 this is tearing up the old script
重新开始 and starting from scratch.
大家都知道印象派重新定义了风景画 Everyone knows the Impressionists reinvented the landscape,
但对裸体的重新定义也归功于他们 but they should also be credited with reinventing the nude.
在印象派的八次画展中 Degas showed in seven
德加参与了七次 of the eight Impressionist exhibitions.
他看上去异常地忠实专注 He was surprisingly loyal and dedicated to the cause.
但他体内叛逆的基因 But he had the rebel gene in him
使他无论做什么 都显得离经叛道 and it led him astray, whatever he did.
看看这一幅 I mean, look at this,
他在绘画史上最大胆的尝试 his most audacious attempt to paint history.
什么样的人 What kind of a mind decides
会把这样的作品放入印象派展览中 to put this into an Impressionist exhibition?
我们总觉得古希腊是文明的起源 We always imagine ancient Greece to have been the cradle
照亮了人类的启蒙之路 of civilisation, a beacon of enlightenment.
但也不完全如此 But it wasn't always that,
尤其牵扯到女性时 particularly where women were concerned.
当论及如何对待女性时 When it came to the treatment of women,
古希腊人就像塔利班那样 the ancient Greeks were as macho and unreconstructed
大男子主义 冥顽不灵 as the Taliban.
古希腊妇女不能出门 不能接受教育 Greek women couldn't go out, they couldn't be educated,
没有继承权或选举权 they couldn't inherit or vote.
在大多数古代社会中 女性被不公平对待 In most of the ancient world, women were treated appallingly.
除了一座伟大的城邦 Except in one great city state,
在这些问题上持截然不同的态度 where most things were done differently.
这座城就是斯巴达 Sparta.
斯巴达的女孩们被平等地对待 Spartan girls were treated as equals,
从小像男生一样被养大 独立而坚强 brought up to be strong and independent, like the boys.
没人知道这幅图画究竟要表达什么涵义 No one is certain what this curious picture actually shows.
在国家画廊的标签里 On the label, here at the National Gallery,
他们称之为《年轻的斯巴达人的练习》 they call it Young Spartans Exercising.
也被称为《练习摔跤的年轻斯巴达人》 And it's also known as young Spartans Practising Wrestling.
但当德加在1880年 But when Degas finally put it
将其放到第五届印象派画展上时 into the fifth Impressionist Exhibition of 1880,
他为这幅画取了一个华丽的名字 he gave it the splendid title
叫做《敢向男生叫板的斯巴达女生》 of Spartan Girls Provoking The Boys.
我想破头也不明白 And I can't understand, for the life of me,
为什么人们就不信他 why people don't believe him,
因为这才是这幅画的主旨 because that's clearly what it shows.
左边的女生挑衅着右边的男生 The girls, on the left, provoking the boys, on the right.
为了强身健体 To toughen them up,
斯巴达的女孩们接受了打斗和摔跤的教育 Spartan girls were taught to fight and wrestle.
不管什么天气 她们穿得都不多 They didn't wear much either, whatever the weather.
德加从这些古老原始的时代中 And Degas senses the sexual friction
闻到了性冲突的气息 of these strange classical days.
斯巴达女孩们奚落着男孩子 The Spartan girls are taunting the boys,
这些男孩 跟所有青春期少年一样 and the boys, like teenage boys everywhere,
当女生接近他们时 不知所措 aren't sure what to do when the girls come on to them.
故作勇敢和不擅交际的完美结合 What a brilliant mix of bravado and gaucheness.
四个男生中的这个 This boy here, the one on all fours,
特别具备动物的本能 seems particularly in touch with his animal nature.
我想这就是德加对当时盛行的 It's Degas' response, I think, to all the Darwinism
达尔文学说及进化论的回应 that was in the air, these theories of evolution.
这就是那块石头 And this rock here is the rock
传说中 发育不良的斯巴达宝宝 from which Spartan babies were said to be thrown to their deaths
都会被扔到这块石头上 活活摔死 if they were born weak or disabled.
但男生和女生间的战争 But the battle between the boys and the girls
并不是我们在此见证的唯一战争 isn't the only combat we witness here.
横亘于过去和现在之间 There's also a fierce struggle going on
仍有一场激烈的纷争 between the past and the present.
德加有意挑战了 Degas is deliberately taking on
一幅卢浮宫内著名的画作 one of the most celebrated paintings in the Louvre.
一幅作于法国大革命时期的杰作 A masterpiece from the days of the French Revolution
大卫的《赫拉提誓约》 David's Oath of the Horatii.
这幅画被视为宣扬新古典主义的 This is always held up as the ultimate piece
巅峰之作 of neo-classical propaganda.
勇猛的赫拉提兄弟 在这里 The heroic Horatii brothers, over here,
愿意献出他们的生命来保卫罗马 are pledging to give their lives to defend Rome.
但是德加大胆地进行了修改 But Degas, in this cheeky update,
巧妙地回应了大卫的创作 deliberately and cunningly echoes David's composition.
每个人见到这幅画都会有种似曾相识之感 And everybody looking at this would have seen it immediately.
他们一定注意到了 德加的斯巴达女孩们 And they'd have noticed, too, how Degas' Spartan girls
看起来就像蒙马特区的现代少女 look exactly like the wispy, modern girls of Montmartre.
如此的现代开放 So much more contemporary and liberated
比大卫那些硬邦邦的罗马人生动无数倍 and alive than David's frozen Romans.
在这场有关现实的战斗中 In the battle of realities,
古罗马 零分 现代 得一分 it's ancient Rome, nil, the modern world, one.
还记得德加作品里的那种灵动飘逸吗 You know that floaty, ethereal quality you get with Degas' art?
颜色上的那层朦胧感 The pulsing fogs of colour?
斯巴达女孩中运用了一些 There's a bit of it in the Spartan girls,
在浴中少女里用到了更多 and lots of it in the girls in tubs.
这一效果 就来自 Well, that's the result of experimenting
这些小小的魔法棒 with these chalky little magic sticks...
彩色粉笔 Pastels.
不仅仅是裸女 他作品中所有的女性 It's not just the nudes, all the women in his art
洗衣妇女 帽店女郎 芭蕾舞者 the laundresses, the milliners' girls, the ballet dancers,
彩色粉笔都为她们染上了迷人的气晕 they all owe some of their intoxicating haziness to the pastel.
彩色粉笔的学问大着呢 Pastels are rather mysterious.
能绘出许多美妙的东西 You can achieve gorgeous things with them,
特别当德加用它作画时 particularly when Degas gets his hands on them,
不过效果也是因人而异 捉摸不定的 but the effects are elusive, dreamy.
所以我想一探究竟 找到其中的真相 So I want to find out more about them. I want the facts.
我来到了德加的专用粉笔店 粉笔之家 So I've come to Degas' pastel shop, La Maison Du Pastel.
仍然开着 Still here,
仍然卖粉笔 仍然被同样一户人家经营 still selling pastels, still run by the same family.
我想问你一个很蠢的问题 I'm going to ask you a really silly question,
但我还是要问 but I'm going to ask it
因为虽然我觉得自己知道答案 because I thought I knew the answer,
但不太确切 究竟什么是彩色粉笔 but don't really. What exactly are pastels?
它们具体是由什么原料制成的 What makes them specifically these lovely things here?
彩色粉笔就是一种颜料 Pastels is essentially pigment.
伊莎贝尔·罗奇 粉笔之家
加一点粘合剂和不同种类的 It's pigment to which you add a binder, and different types of
白色粉末和陶土 便会产生不一样的渐变 white powders, clays, to make the different gradations.
用这种纯净的颜料 So you have the pure colour, the pure pigment,
加上一点点粘合剂 我们这些粉笔的独特之处 with a little binder, and what makes Roche pastels specific
在于其中粘合剂的含量十分少 is that they have very, very little binder,
因此我们生产的粉笔拥有最纯正的颜色 so you have almost colour in its purest form.
这种美丽的黄色 它确切的名字是什么 So, this is a beautiful yellow, what's the actual colour?
是不是叫作镉黄 还是... Is it cadmium yellow or...
-是的 这是镉黄 -果然是镉黄 - This is a cadmium yellow, yes. - This is a cadmium yellow.
要做出渐变色 So, to make the gradations,
只需在其中掺入白色粉末 you just add a little bit of white,
基本就是颜料做成的 and it's almost pure pigment.
其实就是不同的颜色或者说不同颜色的黏土 All that is is essentially either colour or clay,
按照不同的比例混合起来 mixed together in different amounts,
形成各种颜色渐变的颜料 to make the gradations.
能否给我看看德加经常用的那几种颜色 Could you show me some of the colours that Degas liked to use?
没问题 Sure.
欣赏过他的作品后 有一种颜色 The colours that stick in my mind
一直在我脑海中挥之不去 就是蓝色 from his work are, of course, blues.
蓝色... The blues...
在装蓝色粉笔的盒子中 可以看到这种 So, in the blues, you indeed have these types of blues,
出现在德加的《蓝衣舞者》中的蓝色 which you would find in the Blue Dancers, for example.
那些是群青色 Those are ultramarines.
如果我是画家 我一定不会吝惜颜料 See, if I was an artist, I would just put loads of it on.
因为这浓郁的颜色 真是赏心悦目 Cos look...look at the depth of that colour, it's so exciting.
还有一种颜色也是德加的代表色 You also have a colour which to me is very specific of Degas,
就是鲜绿色 which is the vert vif.
就是这种颜色 Which is this one.
是啊 这种鲜艳的绿色 Ah, yes, the gorgeous green.
欣赏他的画作时 确实常常见到这颜色 That you do find in his work.
还差一种颜色 粉色 对吧 There's one missing here, which is the pinks, right?
德加的《芭蕾舞女》系列作品中都有粉色 The pinks of all the Ballet Dancers.
粉色 没错 亮丽的粉色 The pinks! Yes, the brilliant pinks.
就是这些了 You have them here.
当你面对这种形式的颜料 See, when you see them in this form,
当你面对这样缤纷多彩的粉笔 you see a pile of pastels like this,
你会感觉到 粉笔中的色彩似乎在歌唱 you can see how the colours in pastels seem to sing
而其他形式的颜料却没有这样的效果 是吧 in a way that they don't with other media, don't they?
没错 很多人都这么说 Yes. Actually, that's what I often hear,
粉笔中的色彩似乎在歌唱 that the colours sing.
造成粉笔与其他种类颜料差异的根本原因是 It's essentially because compared to other types of media,
粉笔中不掺任何杂质 是最纯正的 you have the pigment in its purest form.
好好看看这些 Look at that, you see,
多么纯正的颜料 是不是很绚丽 it's just pure pigment, isn't it, it's just gorgeous.
让我来试试看这种蓝色的效果 Look I'm going to try that blue there,
这就是德加常用的蓝色 对吧 瞧啊 that's Degas blue, isn't it? Look at that!
再试试这种 它有着非常特别的质地 Try this one as well, that has a really specific texture.
它的质感简直令人迷醉 It's got this intoxicating quality, hasn't it?
歌剧院
德加对女人观察得最细致入微的场所 Degas's most intense examination of women,
让他的窥视癖得到最大程度满足的地方 his most productive voyeurism,
并不是澡盆旁或是斯巴达的草坪上 took place not in a bathtub or in Sparta,
而是在剧院的包厢之中 but from a box in the theatre,
他很喜欢坐在包厢中欣赏芭蕾舞 from where he loved to watch the ballet.
德加是巴黎歌剧院的常客 Degas was a regular here at the Paris Opera, the Palais Garnier,
这座剧院于1875年开门迎客 which opened in 1875
人们很快便趋之若鹜 and quickly became THE place to go.
剧院基本由水晶和镜子构成 It was built chiefly from crystal and mirrors,
至少看上去是如此 or so it seemed.
这里巴洛克风格的装饰物太多了 There was enough baroque ornament in here
足以将整个梵蒂冈装点得金碧辉煌 to furnish the Vatican.
-先生们 你们好 -你好[法语] - Bonjour, messieurs. - Bonjour.
典型的资产阶级男性 The typical bourgeois male
一周中会有好几个晚上在这座剧院度过 would be at the Opera a couple of nights a week,
来这里欣赏歌舞并不是他们唯一的目的 and they didn't just come for the singing and the dancing.
剧院中考究的露台 华美的休息厅 These elegant balconies and plush foyers
让贵客得以翩跹而入 成为众人瞩目的焦点 were designed for parading in and being seen.
-先生 你好 -你好[法语] - Bonjour, messieurs. - Bonjour.
而这片拥有2500个座位的观众席 While the auditorium itself, which could seat 2,500 people,
则是为窥视狂们量身定制的 well...that was for voyeurism.
19世纪的资产阶级男性 The ballet was one of the few places
只有在观看芭蕾舞时 where the 19th-century bourgeois male
才能既欣赏到单薄衣着之下的女性美 could admire lightly-clad feminine beauty
而又不显得自己是好色之徒 without making it obvious.
他们隐匿在黑暗中 窥视着 He'd just sink back into the darkness and peep.
德加购买了巴黎歌剧院的季票 Degas had a season ticket to the Paris Opera.
他对芭蕾舞与剧院如痴如狂 He was an obsessive ballet-goer and theatre groupie.
他的许多最具独创性的画作 Some of his most inventive art
就是他坐在巴黎歌剧院坐席上构思的 is set in the stalls of the Palais Garnier.
有时 他会抬起头来 Sometimes, he'd look up
目光越过管弦乐队 望向舞台的尽头 through the orchestra to the stage beyond,
那里光影交织 展现着黑夜中的魔法 where the lights would work their nocturnal magic.
但他多数时候都是坐在上面的包厢中 More often, though, he'd be up in the boxes,
俯视着那些舞女 looking down at the dancers -
看她们光芒四射 异常美丽 the shimmer, the spectacle.
有意思的是 德加从不画著名的芭蕾舞女 Interestingly, Degas never painted the stars of the ballet -
比如芭蕾舞女主角 或是名声在外的美女 the prima ballerinas, the famous beauties.
他更愿描画那些平凡的舞者 Instead, he preferred the everyday dancers,
芭蕾舞团中籍籍无名之辈 the also-rans from the corps du ballet,
比如被人们蔑称为"芭蕾老鼠"的舞蹈学生 the students, or ballet rats, as they were disparagingly called.
他也不仅仅是在画面上展现这些人的形象 And he didn't just paint them.
1881年 在第六届印象派画展上 In 1881, at the sixth Impressionist exhibition,
德加送去了一座雕塑 令所有人大跌眼镜 Degas astonished everyone by showing a sculpture.
雕塑名为《14岁的小舞女》 It was called The Little Dancer, Aged 14.
它是如此栩栩如生 令人啧啧称奇 And it was shockingly realistic.
他用蜡塑造小女孩的形象 涂上逼真的颜色 He'd made it out of wax, painted to look so lifelike,
粘上真正的头发 真正的衣服 with real hair, real clothes.
他甚至用一条真正的发带来固定雕塑的头发 He'd even tied her hair with a real ribbon,
而那发带正是模特送给他的 given to him by the model.
现在我们只能在博物馆看到用铜铸成的复制品 These days, in museums, you can only see bronze casts of it.
它们也非常美丽 They're very beautiful,
但却远不如手工上色的蜡质芭蕾舞者 but they're not as spooky or as revolutionary or as lifelike
那么古怪 那么新奇 那么栩栩如生 as a hand-painted waxwork ballet dancer must have seemed.
这座雕塑的模特就是位典型的巴黎底层舞者 The model was a typical Parisian rat,
她名叫玛丽·范·歌德 called Marie van Goethem.
她的老家在比利时 She was originally from Belgium,
而德加照着她的模样塑造雕塑时 and when Degas began sculpting her,
正如雕塑的名字中所写 她年仅14岁 as the title says, she was just 14,
那时她是歌剧院的一名舞蹈学生 a ballet student at the Opera.
玛丽住的地方离德加的住所很近 Marie lived around the corner from Degas,
近到转过街角就到了 literally around the corner.
杜埃大街
这是她家所在的大街 杜埃大街 This was her street, the Rue de Douai,
而德加住在这条街上 喷泉大街 and this was his, the Rue Fontaine.
像其他底层舞者一样 Like most of the ballet rats,
她也来自一个贫穷而破败的家庭 she came from a poor and disreputable family.
人们纷纷议论她的品行 一时流言四起 Various rumours circulated about her behaviour.
说她邋遢 说她粗俗 She was slovenly, they said, coarse.
玛丽经常跑到德加的画室去做模特 Marie would pop round to Degas' studio and pose for him.
她为自己拥有一头亮丽的长发而非常自豪 She had beautiful long hair that she was very proud of
当她跳起舞来 她会扬起下巴 and when she danced, she'd stick out her chin
这样一来 长发便从后背倾泻而下 so that her hair fell down her back.
德加的画作中也能看到她的这种形象 You can see her doing that in a couple of his paintings, as well.
这就是玛丽 带着她标志性的头发和下巴 There's Marie with the hair and the chin.
德加让她为自己的雕塑摆出的造型 Now this position he forces her into in the sculpture
难度很大 且一点也不自然 is very difficult and unnatural.
他让她把手臂向后伸到极限 He'd pull her hands back as far as they'd go
并让她将下巴扬起得再高些 and tell her to stick her chin up even higher.
而她的双脚也呈现出非常奇怪的姿势 And her feet were planted weirdly, just so.
这既不是什么舞蹈姿势 也不是练功的姿势 Now, this isn't a dance position, it's not a practice position.
究竟有什么寓意呢 So what is it?
第六届印象派画展的评论家们 The critics reviewing the sixth Impressionist exhibition
也是一头雾水 were baffled too.
这位底层舞者似乎饱含新生的力量 "This opera rat has something of the foetus about her,"
艾莉·杜蒙在《文明报》中写道 mooned Ellie Dumont in La Civilisation.
让人想将她做成标本保存下来 "And one is tempted to enclose her in a jar of alcohol."
《美术评论报》更是出言不逊 The Gazette Des Beaux-Arts was even nastier about the sculpture.
它刊载了这样一条评论 可怜的小姑娘 "This poor little girl," it spat,
和刚出生的老鼠没两样 "Is like an incipient rat,
将她那小小的口鼻使劲向前拱 who thrusts her little muzzle forward with bestial effrontery."
这种想法令人惊愕不已 Now there's a startling thought.
德加是否真的是故意 Was Degas deliberately trying
将这位底层舞者塑造得像只老鼠 to make his little ballet rat look like a rat?
《小舞女》中是否蕴含着 Is the Little Dancer a cruel Darwinian pun
残忍的进化论意义 motivated by harsh and disparaging evolutionary views?
但愿不是 但我不得不心存怀疑 I hope not, but I can't shake off the suspicion that it might be.
德加喜欢出没于资产阶级黑暗而私人的空间中 Degas was a haunter of dark and private bourgeois spaces -
比如卧室的门口 the bedroom doorway,
剧院的包厢 the box at the theatre.
但我们无法跟随他领略在街道上演的戏码 What you don't get with him is the theatre of the streets.
要想欣赏街上的景致 For that you need to turn to
我们就得去拜访另一位观察人物的好手 another of the keenest people watchers among the Impressionists,
古斯塔夫·卡勒波特 Gustav Caillebotte.
这是卡勒波特的作品 Caillebotte painted this.
这也是 And this.
甚至这幅也是 And even this.
照理说 他的名气真应该再大一些 So he really ought to be much better known than he is.
卡勒波特与众不同的一点是 他很富有 Caillebotte was unusual because he was so rich.
印象派画家大多出身于 Most of the Impressionists came from
资产阶级的最底层 the petit end of the bourgeois scale.
莫奈的父亲是位杂货商 Monet's father was a grocer,
雷诺阿的父亲是位裁缝 Renoir's, a tailor.
德加的家庭出身当然要高贵一些 The Degas' of course were of higher stock,
但却并非如他们自己佯装得那样高贵 but not as high as they pretended
他们并不是能自称德·加的贵族 when they began calling themselves De Gas.
卡勒波特却完全不用佯装高贵 Caillebotte, however, didn't have to pretend.
他非常富有 地位颇高 He was VERY wealthy, VERY bourgeois
且成就还在与日俱增 and VERY progressive.
右边这位就是他 穿着背心 戴着草帽 That's him on the right, in the vest and boater,
兴高采烈地参加雷诺阿举办的船上宴会 having fun by the river in Renoir's Boating Party.
这是雷诺阿眼中的他 That's how Renoir saw him,
与他眼中的自己大相径庭 but it's not how he saw himself.
这才是他眼中的自己 This is how he saw himself.
卡勒波特家族的致富之道 The Caillebottes made their money
是向法国军队供应毛毯 supplying blankets to the French army.
战事越频繁 他们家挣的钱就越多 The more wars there were, the richer they got.
攒够钱后 他们便投资房地产 After that, they moved into property
从奥斯曼男爵的手中 and owned that big house on the corner,
直接买下了街角处的这栋大房子 which they bought directly from Baron Haussmann,
当然这不是改造巴黎计划中的一部分 off-plan, as it were.
卡勒波特的画室就在房子的顶层 Caillebotte's studio was up on the top floor,
就是拥有阳台的那间 where that balcony is.
他是家中的长子 本想当个律师 He was the eldest son and tried being a lawyer first,
后又改行做工程师 then an engineer.
但他的艺术天赋还是引领他成为了印象派画家 But the art bug bit him and he became an Impressionist instead.
德加发现他很有钱 Degas smelled out his money
便介绍他加入了印象派的小圈子 and introduced him to the clan.
卡勒波特家财万贯 娇生惯养 Caillebotte was so rich and pampered,
为了方便自己来往于居所与绘画目的地 he'd have himself transported to his painting locations
他特意设计了一种马车 in a specially designed horse and carriage -
那简直是可移动的画室 a kind of travelling studio
他在上面装满画布 安排好仆人 which he'd load up with canvases and footmen
然后便惬意地上路了 and off he'd trot.
就在几百码外的 Just a few hundred yards down here,
欧洲桥这里 to the Pont de l'Europe
他在这里创作出多幅作品 where he painted some of Impressionism's
其视角的新颖程度在印象派中首屈一指 most inventive views of the new city.
这是巴黎通往欧洲的新大门 This was Paris's new gateway to Europe,
一条四通八达的铁路交叉口 a railway crossroads that leads everywhere.
卡勒波特描绘出新兴资产阶级 Caillebotte shows the new bourgeoisie
漫步新桥之上 strolling across the new bridge,
接受各种新鲜事物的场景 taking in the new possibilities.
这里 一个戴高帽的时髦小伙 Over here, a posh chap in a top hat
看到了一个走过的妇女 notices a passing woman.
她其实是个妓女 而他是个潜在客户 She's actually a prostitute and he's a prospective client.
在这里 一个有思想的工人正在憧憬 Over here, a thoughtful workman dreams of
异地的别样人生 another life somewhere else.
在欧洲桥上 一切皆有可能 Everything was possible on the Pont de l'Europe,
不过只有梦中可见 but only in your dreams.
卡勒波特在这里最伟大的作品 Caillebotte's greatest painting of the area was done just up here
完成于都柏林广场 in the Place de Dublin, Dublin Square.
即《巴黎街头阴雨天》 It's called Rainy Day At The Pont De L'Europe.
新兴富人漫步于 The new rich stroll around the new Paris
雨中的新巴黎 in a new spot of rain.
看这城市是多么的活泼 整洁 And how crisp and clean their city now looks.
开放 清新 而又令人兴奋 How open and airy and thrilling.
画中的视角被刻意夸大处理 The perspective in that picture is deliberately exaggerated
以使其更富戏剧性 to make it more dramatic.
卡勒波特想让巴黎比看起来 Caillebotte is trying to make Paris look taller,
更加高大雄伟 bigger than it really is,
所以他用广角效果仰视它 so he looks up at it in a wide-angled way.
相机也可以达到相同的效果 The camera can do something similar.
看 如果你蹲下一点看我 Oh, and if you go down lower, look up at me...
效果就是这样 ...and there you have it.
这被称为卡勒波特效果 The Caillebotte effect.
卡勒波特很钟爱特殊的 Caillebotte loved unusual viewpoints
深邃的 夸张的视角 and deep, dramatic perspectives.
他的画愚弄你的眼睛 让人看得更深远 His pictures tease your eyes and stretch them.
看他选择了多么奇特的绘画角度 What difficult positions he found to perch in.
我脑子里浮现出 I have this image wedged in my brain
卡勒波特坐在花哨的马车里 of Caillebotte being transported luxuriously
被大费周章的从一地 from location to location
载往另一地的场景 in his pimped-up painting carriage.
往这里一百码 那里一百码 100 yards here, 100 yards there.
但他最激进的几幅画作 But some of his most radical art
却不需任何奔波 was painted without going anywhere.
就在这栋房子里完成 Back here in the house itself.
其中就包括印象派最伟大的画作之一 One of Impressionism's most striking pictures was made in here.
它展出于1876年的第二届印象派画展 It was shown at the second Impressionist exhibition of 1876.
当时的人们根本不能理解它 And people weren't at all sure what to make of it.
现在的人们也是一样 They're still not sure today.
这幅画叫作《刨木工》 It's called The Floor Scrapers
描绘了三个小伙子赤裸着上身 and it shows three chaps with their tops off
不停地刨平木地板 scraping away at a wooden floor.
画中视角反转 动作坚实夸张 It's a tense, puzzling picture with its plunging perspective
令人感到紧张且迷惑 and these wiry, dramatic poses.
卡勒波特的父亲于1874年逝世 Caillebotte's father died in 1874
留给他儿子一笔丰厚的遗产 leaving his son a huge fortune,
所以卡勒波特二世 即现在说的卡勒波特 so Caillebotte junior, our Caillebotte,
开始重装这所房子 set about altering the house
而这幅《刨木工》 and The Floor Scrapers
大概就是在描绘新工作室的翻新过程 probably shows the refurbishment of his new studio,
即最顶层带阳台的那一间 the one on the top floor with the balcony.
这幅画到底在讲什么呢 What's actually going on?
其中一个正用小刮刀 Well, one of the men is scraping off the old varnish
刮去旧漆 with a cabinet scraper.
就是这种简单的小工具 One of these. A simple tool.
这一面很尖利 你可以用它刮开地板 This edge here is sharp and you scrape it across the floor,
把它磨光滑 smoothing it down.
另一个人用的是这个 刨子 The other guy has one of these, a plane.
他在刨平地板之间的接头 He's planing down the joints between the floorboards,
让地板呈条纹状 leaving a stripy floor.
这是艺术史上第一幅 Now this is just about the first portrayal in art
以城市工人为主角的画作 of the urban workman.
之前的画家画过田野里的农民 Artists had shown peasants in the fields before,
但从未画过城市里的工人 but not city workers.
这是全新的尝试 This was new.
然而 关于这幅画有些问题 However, a couple of things
一直困扰着我 about this picture have always puzzled me.
比如说 为什么要把地板弄成一条一条的呢 For instance, why do they need to make the floor so stripy?
为什么不直接把地板弄成 Why don't they just clean the floor...
弄成大块大块的呢 ..in big patches?
我在YouTube上的一段 I found the answer on YouTube,
摇摇晃晃的视频中找到了答案 preserved in full shaky YouTube vision.
加利福尼亚的一个小伙子正在刨一块硬木地板 Here's a chap in California preparing a hardwood floor.
我给那公司发了邮件 问他们 I emailed the company, and asked them,
为什么要把地板弄成条状的 why do you do the floor in stripes?
他们回信说 They wrote back
那是为了保证整个地板是平的 that it was to make sure the whole floor was even.
如果弄成块状的 If you did it in patches,
可能会这边刨多了一点 you might plane down more of the wood over here,
那边刨少了一点 and less of it over here.
所以整个地板 So the whole floor...
就会不平整 would undulate.
我的另一个问题更加迫切 My other question was even more pressing.
为什么地板一定要刨呢 Why is the floor being scraped at all?
原来的漆不是好好的吗 The old varnish looks fine, doesn't it?
漆基本是新的 It's almost new.
地板看起来也很好 The floor's in good condition.
所以为什么地板漆要被弄掉呢 So why is the varnish being removed?
我想不出答案 I just couldn't work it out.
直到我去问我的妻子 她是位画家 Till I asked my wife, who's an artist,
她说 如果这是他的新工作室 and she said, if it's his new studio,
他一定想要地板尽可能地明亮 he'd want the floor to be as light as possible.
工作室的地板绝不能是暗的 Studio floors are never dark.
艺术家们总希望在工作室里 Artists always want as much light in there
收集尽可能多的光 as they can get.
这幅画不仅描述了赤膊上阵的 This isn't just a painting of the new heroes of modern life,
现代社会主角 城市工人 the urban workman throwing off his top and flashing his torso.
《刨木工》还有深层的含义 The Floor Scrapers has a hidden meaning, too.
卡勒波特试图解释一些关于艺术本身的事情 Caillebotte is trying to say something about art itself.
关于印象派的新兴艺术 The new art of the Impressionists.
以前的作品太做作 The old art was artificial,
色彩暗淡 颜料上得过于厚重 dark and covered in thick varnish.
但新的作品 印象派作品 But the new art - Impressionist art -
是自然的 真实的 is natural, truthful
并充满光感 and filled with light.
卡勒波特的室内杰作 Caillebotte's indoor masterpiece
不只是对城市工人的赞歌 isn't just a tribute to the urban worker.
更是对变革的召唤 It's a call to arms.
印象派画展的目录 The catalogues for the Impressionist exhibitions.
看起来很朴素 是不是 Humble-looking things, aren't they?
不要被它们简单的外表迷惑 But don't be fooled by their modesty.
这里记录着一场行为上的革命 These are records of a revolution in behaviour
和艺术上的反抗 as well as an artistic revolt.
看这里 贝尔特·莫里索小姐 And see here. Mademoiselle Berthe Morisot, a woman.
女画家的出现 本身就是 That in itself was rebellious and different,
打破传统之举 to have a woman in the ranks.
莫里索的画总是能一眼就看出来 You can always tell a Morisot painting,
因为它一定是 because it'll definitely be
全场最豪放 最大胆的画作 the wildest and bravest thing in the room.
看她疯狂的笔法 Just look at her crazy brushstrokes,
在画布上摆之字形 就像闪电一样 zigzagging across the canvas like lightning bolts.
这些跳跃的 有力的笔触 These flickering, darting paint flashes
是印象派革命中最勇敢的标志之一 are some of the bravest markings of the Impressionist revolution.
如此新颖 如此迅猛 So new, so quick.
然而 贝尔特·莫里索有个问题 Unfortunately, Berthe Morisot had a problem.
她长得是这样的 She looked like this.
惊人的美 Stunning.
她的美让男人痴迷其中 当他们画她的时候 She turned men's heads, and when they painted her,
比如马奈这样 as Manet often did,
可怜 愚蠢的人们 the poor, besotted chappies
会把她想象成黑眼睛的蛇蝎美人 would imagine her to be a dark-eyed femme fatale.
却忽略了她其实是位严谨 And they'd ignore what a serious
有天分 而又富有洞察力的画家 and instinctive and insightful painter she was.
莫里索尤其擅用白色 Morisot was particularly good with white.
这种颜色极难运用和区分 Such a difficult colour to dramatise and differentiate.
当一件作品像雪地里的婚纱一样新鲜清爽时 It's so hard to look deep when your work is as crisp
人们很难看到更深层的东西 and fresh as a wedding dress in the snow.
可是如果有人认为贝尔特·莫里索的画是 But if anyone imagines Berthe Morisot's work
温顺的 居家的 漂亮的 to be docile or domestic or pretty,
那他一定是站得离画太远了 then I'm afraid you're standing too far away.
欣赏她的画最好的距离是 这里 The best place to look at her art is from about here.
大概距离两英寸 About two inches away.
从这个距离 From this close,
你的眼睛会不可避免地接收到一种革命感 the sense of revolution here thwacks you between the eyes.
本片中提到的另一位女画家 玛丽·卡萨特 Another female painter who appeared in these shows, Mary Cassatt,
是个美国人 was an American.
说实话 在为拍这部片子准备之前 To be honest with you, I didn't rate Cassatt's work that highly,
我并不欣赏她的作品 until I started filming it for these programmes.
我觉得她的画太甜美 太女性化了 I thought it was too sweet, too obviously feminine.
我真是大错特错了 But how wrong I was.
看她多么老谋深算 多么深刻 Look how spooky she is, how psychological.
这些卡萨特捕捉到的感情的空白 That air of emotional blankness which Cassatt captures,
这些你能感受到的 that sense you get with her sitters
画中人陷入的深思 that they're on a far-away journey deep inside themselves.
画中对于女性情感世界的探寻之深 These are insights into the emotional states of women
英国意识流女作家
连弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫都会交口称赞 that Virginia Woolf would be proud of.
现如今 卡萨特和莫里索广受赞誉 Today, Cassatt and Morisot are highly regarded.
但这里还有第三位女画家 But there was a third woman artist
也在印象派中占有一席之地 who played an interesting part in Impressionism,
你可能从未听说过 whom you never hear about,
即使她也一样 是个革命者 though she, too, was a revolutionary.
她的名字叫玛丽·布拉克蒙 Her name was Marie Bracquemond,
她是做印象派陶罐的 and she made Impressionist pots.
我猜你们根本不知道有这种东西存在 I bet you didn't even know there were any.
要发现玛丽·布拉克蒙有点困难 Finding out about Marie Bracquemond has been tricky.
虽然她三次出现在印象派画展上 She showed in three of the Impressionist exhibitions,
但很多艺术介绍都忽略了她 but has largely disappeared from the story of art.
这是个错误 And that's wrong,
因为玛丽·布拉克蒙是很出色的艺术家 because Marie Bracquemond was really good.
她的陶罐有一种激动人心的美 Her pots are luscious and stirring.
她尝试将印象派艺术家 She has just having a go at transferring
在田园生活中的乐趣 the joie de vivre of the Impressionists
转移到这些盘子上 from the field to the plate.
将花园中的生活乐趣描绘于壁炉台上 From the garden to the mantelpiece.
但让我感触最深的 却是她的画作 But it's Marie Bracquemond's paintings that intrigue me most.
其中有一种虚幻的紧密感 They're deceptively intense
充斥着一种寂寞感 and have an edge of loneliness to them.
这是她画的一次野餐 Here's one of her picnics,
画中完全没有体现出 to which Impressionism's joie de vivre
印象派的生活乐趣 was clearly not invited.
大家沉默不语 满面愁容 Where no one talks and everyone frets.
布拉克蒙 贝尔特·莫里索 玛丽·卡萨特 Bracquemond, Berthe Morisot, Mary Cassatt.
这是艺术史上的第一批伟大的女艺术家 This is the first group of impressive women in art.
当然 之前也有出现过女艺术家 Of course, there had been women artists before,
但是都是昙花一现 好景不长 but they'd been one-offs, who appeared here and there.
印象派以其进步性 Impressionism was progressive enough
迎来了一批杰出的女艺术家 to welcome a gang of them at once.
艺术史上迎来了全新的声音 An important new voice has arrived in art,
表达着不同的思想 并有着独到的见解 with different things to say and different understandings.
有些人觉得印象派很肤浅 但绝非如此 Some people think Impressionism was shallow, but it never was.
在印象派女画家的手中绝非如此 Not in the hands of its women.
你知道这是谁的作品吗 Do you know who made that?
我要把标签遮住 让你们猜猜看 I'm going to cover up the label. Have a guess.
到底是哪位著名印象派画家的作品呢 Which famous Impressionist made that?
莫奈 Monet?
毕沙罗 Pissarro?
可能是雷诺阿 雕塑很是优雅 Renoir, perhaps? It is very elegant.
事实上这是高更的作品 Actually, this was made by Gauguin.
这是他妻子的半身像 It's a portrait of his wife,
展出于1880年的第五届印象派画展 and he showed it at the fifth Impressionist exhibition of 1880.
这可能是高更创作的第一个塑像 This is probably the first carving that Gauguin ever made.
他是那种令人嫉妒的天才 He was one of those annoyingly talented people,
擅长很多事情 who could turn their hand to most things.
他前面半数的艺术生涯 And for the first half of his career,
都在从事印象派创作 Gauguin turned his hand to Impressionism.
很多人都误解了高更 People always get Gauguin wrong.
传闻中说道 They've heard these stories about him
他抛弃妻儿 deserting his wife and children,
来到塔希提岛 和当地的姑娘厮混 running off to Tahiti and taking up with the native girls.
他们却不知道 他去塔希提岛的时候 And they forget that Gauguin was already 43
已经四十三岁了 when he left for Tahiti.
他的职业生涯已经过了一大半 A big chunk of his career was behind him.
在那期间 And during that big chunk,
他是名印象派画家 Gauguin was an Impressionist.
八次印象派画展中 他参加了五次 He showed in five of the eight Impressionist exhibitions,
比雷诺阿都多 和莫奈齐平 which is more than Renoir, and the same number as Monet.
这是他的第一幅自画像 This is his first ever self-portrait.
画在了 Painted on the back
印象派风格的毕沙罗花园的背面 of an Impressionist view of Pissarro's garden.
高更的印象派风景画 非常细致低调 Gauguin's Impressionist landscapes are so subtle, modest.
甚至有些过于低调 使其很容易被忽略 Too modest, almost. They're easy to overlook.
很难想象这是他的作品 You'd hardly know they're by him.
但这不是风景纪录片 But this isn't a film about landscapes,
这是部人物纪录片 this is a film about people.
而高更的人物画 And Gauguin, the people painter,
风格十分特殊 饱含个人情感 is a very particular and intimate presence.
慈爱的父亲 顾家的男人 Loving father, family man,
为心爱的人作画 caring portrayer of those he was close to.
特别是他的妻子和孩子 Particularly his wife and his children.
高更为家人作的画氛围柔和 充满温情 Gauguin's paintings of his family are so tender and atmospheric.
这幅画名为《睡梦中的孩子》 This one's called The Little One Is Dreaming.
画中是他四岁的女儿阿丽妮 It's his four-year-old daughter Aline,
在她的小床上安睡 asleep in her cot.
我也身为人父 Now, I'm a dad, too,
所以我能理解他描绘的是什么 so I know exactly what he's trying to capture here.
小姑娘睡着了 沉沉地进入梦乡 The little girl is sleeping, far away in the land of nod.
她的父亲 带着强烈的保护欲俯看着她 While her dad looks down at her so protectively.
你甚至可以感觉到他轻轻地 You can almost sense him pulling up her blanket
把毯子盖到女儿腿上 to cover her legs
并试着去想阿丽妮梦到了什么 and trying to imagine Aline's dreams.
这幅画展出于1882年的第七届印象派画展 He showed it at the seventh Impressionist exhibition of 1882.
并在众多作品中脱颖而出 And it stood out,
因为其中蕴含着强烈的个人情感 because it was so atmospheric and personal.
之前从没有人像这样画过睡梦中的小孩 No-one had ever painted a sleeping child like this before.
那柔和的壁纸象征着 The floaty wallpaper seems to stand in
她平静的梦乡 for the peaceful dream she's having.
梦中有很多鸟 A beautiful bird dream.
但这个小人 挂在她的床头 But this Punch figure here, dangling by her cot,
有着一定的威胁性 he has something threatening about him.
他是淘气的夜神 等着出来作乱 He's a nasty gnome of the night, waiting for his moment.
但是没关系 阿丽妮 你爸爸在这里 But it doesn't matter, Aline, because your dad's here.
他会保护好你 And he's watching over you.
多么的柔和 多么的温馨 What tenderness, what warmth,
多么浓郁的亲情 what obvious family love.
这是高更的大儿子埃米尔的大理石肖像 This marble bust of Gauguin's eldest son, Emile,
展出于1876年的第三届印象派画展 was shown at the third Impressionist exhibition of 1876.
这是他的另一个儿子 长发的克洛维斯 And here's another son - the long-haired Clovis,
在父亲最爱的酒杯旁安睡 asleep again, next to his dad's favourite tankard.
可能因为偷喝了酒 而昏昏入梦 Dreaming, perhaps, because he's had a sip.
这是梅特 高更的丹麦籍妻子 And this is Mette, Gauguin's Danish wife,
画中的她 穿着根本买不起的奢华晚装 painted in a gorgeous evening dress she couldn't afford.
这是她赊借来的 根本没有告诉他 And which she bought on the never-never, without telling him.
但他还是用充满爱意的笔触 But he still turns her, so lovingly,
将她塑造为童话中的公主 into his fairy princess.
梅特来自这里 哥本哈根 Mette was from here - Copenhagen.
她在巴黎当老师时 和高更相遇 She was in Paris working as a teacher when she met Gauguin.
当时他是个成功的股票经纪人 And he was a successful stockbroker.
她以为钓到了金龟婿 A good catch.
但是梅特不知道的是 What Mette didn't know
他已经被艺术这个蛀虫蛀到了 was that he'd already been bitten by the art bug.
高更真正想成为的是 And what Gauguin really wanted to be
一名艺术家 was an artist.
可怜的梅特以为自己嫁给了 Poor Mette thought she was marrying
一名受人尊重的商人 a respectable businessman
她可以在豪宅里 who'd keep her in the beautiful dresses she wanted
过上锦衣玉食的生活 and the beautiful homes.
实际上 她嫁给了一个迫切希望 Instead, she'd ended up with a repressed Bohemian
成为一名艺术家的波希米亚人 who was desperate to become an artist.
梅特忍了他很多年 Mette put up with him for years
看着他放弃事业 and watched him throw away his career.
她为他生了五个孩子 直到最终 She bore him five children until eventually,
无法再忍受他 为了艺术 unable to face up to any more of this artistic poverty
放弃金钱的想法 he'd wished upon her,
她离开了他 带着孩子回到了哥本哈根 she left him and came back here, to Copenhagen, with the kids.
高更倍受打击 Gauguin was devastated.
他的妻子抛弃了他 而他又很想她 His wife had deserted him and he missed her terribly.
更想孩子们 And the children, even more.
他跟着她来到了哥本哈根 So he followed her here to Copenhagen
想要重归正道 and tried to put things right
他找了份帆布销售员的工作 by getting himself a job as a tarpaulin salesman.
将法国的帆布倒卖给丹麦人 Selling French tarpaulins to the Danes.
高更擅长很多事情 There are so many things that Gauguin was good at.
雕塑 Sculpture,
绘画 painting,
陶艺 ceramics,
版画制作 printmaking.
但是销售帆布绝非他的长处 But not at selling tarpaulins.
在不工作的时候 他又开始了画画 In his downtime, of which there was plenty,
当然他不工作的时间很多 he started painting again.
用他冻僵的手指 And with frozen fingers,
他记录下了当地寒冷却别有风味的景色 he recorded the cold but pretty local landscape.
这是丹麦历史上 首次对于印象派的尝试 A first attempt at Impressionism in Denmark.
这是他们第一次住的地方 This is the first place they lived,
和梅特的母亲住一起 with Mette's mother.
但是他们两个人互相看不顺眼 But he didn't like her, and she didn't like him.
所以高更一家人搬走了 So the Gauguins moved on.
这是他们住过的第二个地方 This is the second place they lived.
梅特被迫重新开始教书赚钱 Mette had to start teaching again here, to make some money.
这是他们住过的第三个地方 And this is the third place.
现在看着很不错 It's quite posh now,
但这里曾经是哥本哈根最破烂的地方 but this used to be the bad bit of Copenhagen,
租金很便宜 with the cheapest rents.
就在此时 1885年寒冷的春季 And it was about now, in the grim spring of 1885,
高更正式创作了第一幅自画像 that Gauguin painted his first proper self-portrait.
这幅作品微妙地表现了寂寞和疏离 A deceptively colourful study in alienation and forlornness.
没人确定这是在哪里画的 No-one was sure where it was painted
直到我多年前来到了这里 until I came up here a few years ago
发现了这间位于顶楼的公寓 and found this flat,
我才想明白 right at the top of the house.
高更住在这里时 这里是阁楼 When Gauguin was living here, this used to be the attic.
他来到这里进行创作 并思考问题 And he'd come up here to paint and to worry.
他甚至给毕沙罗写了封信 He even wrote a letter to Pissarro,
告诉他哥本哈根这边的情况很糟糕 telling him things had gotten so bad in Copenhagen
他想在这间阁楼 that he was thinking of hanging himself
上吊自杀 up here in this attic.
这幅自画像就是在窗边完成的 And the self-portrait was painted by this window,
就在这里 just here.
那是一段多么艰难的日子 What rotten, rotten times these were.
"我身无分文 日子过得捉襟见肘" "I'm without a penny and up to my ears in shit,"
他在致朋友的信中写道 he wrote to a friend.
"我只能靠白日做梦 聊以自慰" "So I console myself by dreaming."
他在哥本哈根待了六个月 He lasted six months in Copenhagen
直到梅特的家人将他赶走 before Mette's family turned around and asked him to leave.
他对她来说 没有高贵的地位 He wasn't respectable enough for her,
没有丰厚的基础 or reliable enough,
也没有足够的金钱 or rich enough.
高更赶回了巴黎 Gauguin hurried back to Paris.
回去做一名印象派画家 Back to being an Impressionist.
被家人抛弃的他 Having been kicked out by his family,
可以无所顾忌地追求自己的理想了 he was now free to become all sorts of things.
但他再也不是那个忠诚的丈夫 慈爱的父亲 But never again a loyal husband or a caring dad.
在巴黎 Back in Paris,
印象派画家 在为第八次 the Impressionists were preparing themselves
也是最后一次画展做准备 for their eighth and final exhibition.
高更希望通过在丹麦创作的作品 Gauguin was hoping to make an impact
引起一定的轰动 with his new Danish paintings.
他本可以一举成名 And he would have done, I'm sure,
但不巧的是 这幅作品抢尽了所有的风头 if THIS hadn't been in the show as well.
要知详情 且听下回分解 But you'll have to wait till the next film to see what happened,
在下一集 我们将走到印象派的终点 when we voyage to the end of Impressionism
见证后印象派的到来 and beyond.