大堡礁 The Great Barrier Reef.
在这部节目里 In this series,
环绕在我身边的 I'm here, surrounded
是自然界最伟大的奇迹之一 by one of nature's greatest wonders.
我在大堡礁中纵横穿越 I have travelled the length and breadth of the Great Barrier Reef...
这个活的生物结构非常巨大 A living structure so enormous,
这里有着地球上最惊人的动植物群落 It's home to an extraordinarily diverse community of animals and plants.
太空中都能看见它 it can be seen from space.
借助最先进的技术观察野生动植物 and used the latest techniques to watch its wildlife.
大堡礁 The Great Barrier Reef.
这里栖息着地球上最独特的动物群落 Home to one of the most extraordinary communities of animals on the planet.
我们依旧能在这里发现未知的物种 Here, unknown species are still being found,
然而 大堡礁还有一个的故事没讲 But the reef has one more story to tell.
我们得到了惊人的新发现 and astonishing things discovered
刷新了我们对某个物种的认知 about creatures we thought we knew.
这片海洋天堂的居民 The residents of this marine paradise
过去60年我一直为它着迷 I've been fascinated by it for almost 60 years.
亲眼目睹它们的栖息地 have seen their habitat change rapidly
在这部节目中 我们的科考船艾露西亚 In this series, our research vessel, the Alucia,
在几十年里发生了急剧的变化 within the last few decades.
会让我们以前所未有的方式探索大堡礁 will allow us to explore and understand the reef as never before.
对它们而言 时间紧迫 And time is running out for them.
我们依旧能在这里发现未知的物种 Here, unknown species are still being found.
这片海洋天堂里最出名的 This marine paradise may be best known
大堡礁正面临着 The Barrier Reef is facing
也许是壮观的珊瑚礁 for its spectacular coral reefs...
关乎存亡的最严峻挑战 one of the most serious challenges to its continued existence
科学家们得到了惊人的新发现 And scientists are making astonishing discoveries
其中之一就是人类活动的影响 the effect of human beings.
但这里还有三百座沙洲 But it also has 300 sand islands,
刷新了我们对某个物种的认知 about the creatures that we thought we knew.
但希望犹在 But there is hope.
六百座大陆岛 600 continental islands,
在这部节目中 我们的科考船艾露西亚 In this series, our research vessel, the Alucia,
这一次 我们的科考船艾露西亚号 This time, our research vessel, the Alucia,
会让我们以前所未有的方式探索大堡礁 will allow us to explore the reef as never before.
将带我去见一个科学团队 will be taking me to meet teams of scientists
数公里的繁茂森林 miles of lush forest,
他们正在研发新方案来拯救大堡礁 who are developing new ways to try and save it.
我会借助最新的科技探寻它神秘的海底 Using the latest technology, I'll visit its mysterious depths.
以及数条深海水道 and deep ocean channels.
而我也将潜入大堡礁最深处 And I'll be going to its deepest parts,
我们在那儿的新发现 where new discoveries are being made
每种栖息地都吸引了不同的造访者 Each of these habitats attracts a very different set of visitors.
过去从未有人在大堡礁 Nobody has ever dived as deep as this
可能是大堡礁生存的希望 that might hold clues to its survival.
潜入到如此的深度 before on the Great Barrier Reef.
从未有人在大堡礁潜到如此深度 Nobody has ever dived as deep as this before on the Great Barrier Reef.
我将会了解它令人惊人的起源 I'll learn of its surprising origins.
当我60年前第一次来到这里的时候 When I first came here almost 60 years ago,
这是地球上最壮观 This is one of the greatest
我们对这些种群知之甚少 we knew very little about these communities.
也是最重要的生态系统 and most important ecosystems on the planet -
发现这神奇而多样的生物群落 And discover how this wonderfully diverse community
这里发生的一切都与我们息息相关 and what happens here affects us all.
但今天 新的追踪系统 But today, new tracking systems are allowing us
是如何被礁石上最微小的生物所创造 has been created by some of the very smallest creatures on the reef.
让我们可以用新的方式追踪这些生物 to follow the lives of these creatures in new ways.
这个错综复杂的自然奇迹会有怎样的未来呢 So, what does the future hold for this complex wonder?
爱登堡看大堡礁
一些地球上最吸引人的动物也到访此地 But visited by some of the most impressive animals on the planet.
从伟大的海洋猎食者 From the ocean's great predators...
到主动与人类接触的神秘鲸鱼 to a mysterious whale that seeks out human contact.
我要找出它们造访此处的原因 I'll discover their surprising reasons for visiting
我游历于澳大利亚东南海岸线 I'm travelling along Australia's north east coast
这是个独一无二的生态系统 It's an ecosystem like no other.
揭示为何大堡礁对它们的生存至关重要 and reveal why the reef is so important for their survival.
是为了能看到这个世界上 to look at one of the greatest and most splendid
最壮丽雄伟的自然瑰宝 natural treasures that the world possesses
对我们的海洋至关重要 Vital to our oceans.
爱登堡看大堡礁
坐落于海岸线和公海之间的 a chain of tropical islands and coral reefs
一片热带海岛和珊瑚礁 that lies between the coast and the open ocean.
我们仍在惊叹中揭开它的秘密 And surprisingly, we are still uncovering its many secrets.
我永远都不会忘记我第一次来这里的样子 I will never forget the first time I came here.
访客
爱登堡看大堡礁
翻译 LordyN 几米花
这是怎样的一个世界啊 'And what a world this was
在我身下是无边无际的珊瑚 'beneath me lay an endless landscape of coral,
翻译 ET外星人 怕黑的鬼
建造者
它们的色彩万千形状各异 'of every conceivable colour and shape.'
时间轴 西·查 后期 蜡笔小新的眉毛
上一集 Last time,
翻译 LordyN 几米花
我们观察了栖息在珊瑚礁中的丰富生物群落 we looked at the rich community of animals that lives among the coral,
翻译 想名字好难 许大嘴
大堡礁坐落于澳大利亚东北海岸 The Great Barrier Reef lies on Australia's north-east coast.
但大堡礁还接纳访客 but the reef also receives visitors.
一些动物穿越数千公里而来 Some travel for thousands of miles in order to get here
时间轴 姜姜 后期 蜡笔小新的眉毛
那时我们还无法想象到 It was unimaginable then
有一天我们可能会失去珊瑚礁 to think that we might ever lose the reef.
它有2300千米长 It's 1,400 miles long.
却只在这里逗留数周 and stay for only a few weeks.
校对&总监 麦结
其他动物则在其边缘徘徊 Others linger on the fringes
每天都来串门 and come in every day.
最宽处有240千米宽 And at its widest, 150 miles across.
但现今故地重游 我能看出珊瑚礁的变化 But now, I've returned, and I can see that the reef is changing.
它们都有自己独特的理由 Each has its own particular reason for doing so.
它由将近3000个独立的珊瑚礁 It consists of almost 3,000 individual coral reefs.
大堡礁 The Great Barrier Reef consists
在过去的30年中 In the last 30 years,
由三千个独立的珊瑚礁组成 of 3,000 individual coral reefs.
几乎半数的珊瑚消失了 almost half the coral has disappeared.
沿着澳大利亚东北海岸线延绵2300公里 It stretches for 1,400 miles along Australia's northeast coast.
和900座岛屿组成 And 900 islands.
现在最严峻的问题是 The greatest concern now
我们有可能会失去所有的珊瑚礁 is that we might lose the reef altogether.
对我来说 And for me, it's truly
它每年都会吸引超过百万的迁徙动物 And every year, it attracts over a million migrating animals.
生存
它真是世界上最独特的地方 one of the most extraordinary places on the planet.
翻译 想名字好难 LordyN
人们问我 People say to me,
你这一生所见到的最神奇的东西是什么 "What was the most magical thing you ever saw in your life?
我们将从北部开始探索 We're beginning our exploration in the north,
从这片广袤野生水域的边缘开始 on the outskirts of this vast wilderness.
大堡礁的某些方面对我们来说仍是个谜 Parts of the Great Barrier Reef still remain a mystery.
鱼鹰礁
作为自然博物学家 "What was the most magical moment
翻译 ET外星人 几米花
你所经历的最神奇的一刻是什么时候 in your career as a naturalist?"
其巨大的规模和遥不可及的深度 Its immense size and remote depths
我总是说 And I always say,
使我们的探索工作变得极为艰难 make it extremely difficult to explore.
时间轴 壬虚浪影 后期 蜡笔小新的眉毛
我第一次戴上潜水面罩 the first time I put on a mask
我们的科考船艾露西亚号 Our research vessel, the Alucia,
潜入水下 and went below the surface
把我们带到了鱼鹰礁上 has brought us out here to Osprey Reef.
仅凭脚蹼的拍打四处游动 and moved in three dimensions just with a flick of my fin
但如今 令人耳目一新的技术 But today, exciting new technology has made it possible
这里位于大堡礁之外 90 miles, 150 kilometres out in the Coral Sea
使全面地勘探整个大堡礁成为了可能 to survey the entire reef from top to bottom.
然后突然看见在那里栖息着的 and suddenly saw all these amazingly multicoloured things
距离约90英里 即150公里 from the edge of the Great Barrier.
而这也揭露了一些非同凡响的事 And that is revealing extraordinary things
虽然孤悬海外 Isolated though it is,
一群群色彩斑斓的生物时 living in communities right there.
但是它仍然在众多大堡礁居民的生命中 it nonetheless plays a crucial part in the lives of many of
即大堡礁自身随着时间自我进化的方式 about the way in which the reef itself has evolved over time.
我惊叹连连 Just astounding things.
扮演着重要的角色 the inhabitants of the Barrier Reef.
无法忘却它的美丽 Unforgettable beauty.
通过观察大堡礁的过去 By looking into the reef's past,
鱼鹰礁如此特别的原因 What makes Osprey so interesting
我们也许会预测出大堡礁的未来 we may discover something about its future.
是因为它位于南赤道洋流的路径上 is that it lies in the path of the south equatorial current.
因此我来找海洋地质学家罗宾·比曼博士 So, I'm meeting marine geologist Dr Robin Beaman.
我第一次到大堡礁是大约60年前 I first came to the Barrier Reef nearly 60 years ago.
这是一条移动高速公路 This is a moving highway
将许多不同的访客带向大堡礁 that sweeps a host of different visitors towards the great reef.
我非常清楚的记得看到这些复杂多样的生命时 And I remember very clearly how amazed I was
他目前在艾露西亚号勘探船上 'He is on board the Alucia
并向我展示了他惊人的发现 'and shows me some of his remarkable discoveries.'
我有多么着迷 to see such a complexity of life.
我们到这儿来研究 We are here to discover
但现在 我们有很多种以前从未用过的 But today, we have ways of looking at the reef,
为何这片偏远的珊瑚礁前哨对它们如此重要 why this remote outpost is so important to them.
这是大堡礁的深度模型 This is a depth model of the Great Barrier Reef -
专业方法可以用于观察大堡礁 technical ways, which we never had before
是整个大堡礁的 of the entire Great Barrier Reef.
我们用了一系列不同的工具绘制而成的 And there's a whole lot of different tools we use,
令我们能用全新的视角研究这个仙境般的地方 and give us a completely new vision of this wonderful place,
为此我们将会使用一台特殊设备 To do that, we're going to use a very special piece of technology,
其中主要的一个是多波束回声测深仪 the main one being multibeam echosounders,
这里是 which is surely
它可以提供海床的扫描结果 so it gives you a scan of the seafloor
艾露西亚号的崔坦牌潜艇 the Alucia's Triton Submarine.
自然界最伟大的宝库之一 one of the greatest treasures of the natural world.
并且我们可以绘制出大陆架很多区域 and we can actually map great areas of the continental shelf.
白色区域是陆地 This white part is land?
这是同类型潜艇 It's the first submersible of its kind
是的 That's right.
现在我回到此地 Now I've returned.
所有标记彩色的区域都位于水下 So, everything that's coloured rainbow colours is under water.
艾露西亚
首次在这片水域中下潜 ever to dive in these waters.
艾露西亚将带我踏上这段旅程 And taking me on this journey is the Alucia,
它是一艘56米长 采用最新科技的科考船 a 56-metre state-of-the-art research and exploration vessel.
将计算机模拟和深海勘测相结合 'By combining computer modelling and deep sea surveying,
比曼已经发现了新证据 'Beaman has discovered new evidence
看上去好像水已经倒灌到了这里 It does look as though water's gurgling up here,
可以证明大堡礁已经经历过巨变 'that the reef has already experienced great changes.'
不过实际上 我的脚并没有湿 but in fact, my feet aren't wet.
这次考察 我们获得了史无前例的权限 For this expedition, we've been granted unprecedented access
作为一个科学家 一个地质学家 As a scientist - as geological scientists -
可以到达大堡礁最偏僻的角落 to some of the most remote corners of the Great Barrier Reef.'
我们在努力弄清楚在过去 we're trying to understand how the Great Barrier Reef
这里是娜迪尔 我可以下潜了吗 完毕 S-O, S-O, this is Nadir. Am I clear to vent? Over.
大堡礁是怎样应对环境变化的 has responded to changes in the past
而这里有迹象表明 and there are clues there
收到 娜迪尔 可以下潜 可以下潜 Copy Nadir. So you are clear to vent, clear to vent.
它发生了怎样的变化 as to what the Great Barrier Reef has done,
因此如果我拉回来 你就能看出来 so if I zoom back, you can see, geologically,
祝你们潜水愉快 各位 Have a good dive, guys.
一队专家和我们同行 Onboard is a team of experts.
它曾经历过地质上的巨变 it's gone through some dramatic changes.
收到 现在下潜 Roger. Venting now.
我们也可以使用最前沿的科技 And at our disposal, all the latest technology.
看到了 There we are!
比曼的扫描结果显示了有一种古老的珊瑚礁 Beaman's scans showed traces of an ancient reef
我们的任务是揭示一个隐秘的世界 Our mission is to reveal a hidden world
这辆潜艇不仅给了我们360度的环绕视野 The sub not only gives us stunning 360-degree views,
在过去的50万年里一直繁盛生长的迹象 that thrived over the last half million years
并完成前人从未在大堡礁尝试过的 and to complete a series of dives
一系列潜水研究 that have never before been attempted on the Great Barrier Reef.
它现在隐藏在大堡礁的悬崖边缘 and is now hidden along the edge of this great drop-off.
还带着我们下潜到 it allows us to dive to depths
从未有人亲身下潜到过的深度 where no unprotected human has ever been.
艾露西亚 前往坐标
这种古珊瑚礁的出现远早于 This earlier reef existed long before
为了完成这一任务 But to do that,
如今已知的珊瑚礁种类 the one we know today.
我们需要使用一台非常特殊的设备 we have had to bring in a very special piece of equipment.
它位于70米深的海里 It lay up to 70 metres deep
这次下潜 我们只会潜到大概35米的地方 For this dive, we are only going down to about 35 metres,
并且绵延不断800多公里 and stretched nearly unbroken for more than 500 miles.
差不多100英尺 just over 100 feet,
这是崔坦牌潜艇 This is a Triton submarine.
多数我们想要拍摄的野生动物会在此觅食 where much of the wildlife we're hoping to film will be feeding.
它被称为世界上最大的化石 It's been described as the world's largest fossil.
它代表了最先进的潜水技术 The very latest in submersible technology.
海洋地质学家们最近收集到的数据 Marine geologists have recently gathered sufficient data
这是大堡礁以前的样子 This is what the older Great Barrier Reef looked like.
它也是同类设备中最先来到这片水域的潜艇 And the first of its kind to be brought to these waters.
我们把它们叫作"淹死礁" And we call these "Drowned reefs"
足以让我们首次描绘出一幅精确的 for us to create an accurate three-dimensional picture
它们处于深海 they're drowned in the sense
其上方的海水令珊瑚礁无法再生长 that the water over them is so deep that the reef no longer grows.
鱼鹰礁三维画面 of Osprey Reef for the very first time.
潜艇船长巴克·泰勒将会领导潜水团队 The submersible's captain, Buck Taylor, will lead the dive team.
事实上 它是隐藏在海浪下的一座高山 It is, in fact, a huge mountain hidden beneath the waves
气候巨变导致的海平面上升 These ancient reefs were drowned by dramatic climate changes
潜水2000多次的他 With 2,000 dives under his belt,
拥有无人能比的专业技能 his expertise is unparalleled.
使得这些古珊瑚礁沉入于海底 that caused sea levels to rise.
从2400米的海底拔地而起 and rising steeply from the seafloor 2,400 metres below.
上一次巨变发生在将近14000年前 This last happened less than 14,000 years ago.
当我们的摄制团队 While our film crew rigs the submersible
这座巨大海底山的山顶出现了一潭浅泻湖 The top of this vast seamount creates a shallow lagoon
在潜艇上安装了起码八台摄像机时 with no fewer than eight cameras,
所以说冰川融化而来的海水 So, water released from the melting icecaps
巴克召集其余队员 Buck gathers the rest of the team together
这成为了繁多珊瑚种群的栖息地 that supports a flourishing community of corals.
是从这里开始泛滥的吗 is going to start flooding across here, is it?
简要说明了潜水注意事项 to brief us on the dives ahead.
是的 That's right.
当时的海平面升高 The sea level was high enough
欢迎来到艾露西亚潜水摄制组 "Welcome to the MV Alucia submersible team..."
直到淹没了这些古石灰岩山丘 to actually inundate and cover these old limestone hills
这次潜水是一个绝佳的摄影机会 The submersible offers spectacular filming opportunities,
在我眼前的这一面岩壁就是鱼鹰礁的侧翼 This wall of rock ahead of me is the flank of Osprey Reef.
于是就形成了我们如今所熟知的大堡礁 and created the Great Barrier Reef that we know today.
但也有一些危险 but it's not without its dangers.
因此 从气候变化的角度来说 So, the changes that we're seeing going on now
当冰冷且营养充足的深海洋流冲击岩壁时 When cold, deep, nutrient-rich currents from the ocean come in and strike it,
我做过搜救工作 Coming from the rescue background,
我们现在看到的变化并不是第一次发生 are nothing new, in terms of change.
我曾碰上潜水艇漏水 水位及腰 I've been in a submersible up to my waist in water,
我的意思是 大堡礁一直都处在变化中 I mean, the Barrier Reef has always been changing.
它们会转向向上 they defect it upwards.
也曾在潜水艇中遇上火灾 I've had a fire in a submersible.
如此一来便创造了众多生物的生命绿洲 And that creates an oasis for living creatures of all kinds.
我们确实发现它的生命力十分顽强 We do find it's quite robust.
请勿吸烟 勿携带烟草制品 "No smoking, smoking materials..."
尽管发生过灾难性巨变 It has actually reformed,
但大堡礁还是成功地活了下来了 despite these catastrophic changes that have occurred.
除了这些危险 巴克也需要介绍 As well as these hazards, Buck is also obliged to raise
潜水生活中最私密的限制之一 one of the more intimate limitations of submersible life.'
据我们所知 It's been exposed and flooded
很多生物终年都栖息在这里 Many creatures live here throughout the year.
潜艇上配备了卫生间 We do have facilities of a toilet onboard.
它至少经历过四轮风吹日晒和洪水肆虐 at least four times that we know of.
其中的老大便是鲨鱼 And the boss of them all is one kind, sharks.
但条件有限 它并非是独立空间 Obviously, because it's quite confined, it's not very discrete,
对此我们都感到十分震惊 To us, it's astounding.
可是我们有毛巾 可以用来裹住身体 so we do have some towels out that we can hold up around you.
这个关于大堡礁变化历史的新发现 This new insight into the ancient history of the reef shows that
这很有趣 It's quite interesting
介绍如何在一个可以容纳三人 trying to explain about going to the toilet
表明只要时间足够 大堡礁就能再生 given enough time, it can regenerate.
直径不到两米的球型船舱中方便 in a three-man submersible in a sort of sphere
那里有一只 靠近一点 There's one! Close up.
这是非常私密的话题 that's less than two metres diameter. It's quite intimate.
无论你对鲨鱼持什么观点 Whatever else you say about sharks,
它们在水中都是如此的美 they are so beautiful in the water.
他有一米八呢 He was six foot three...
看起来只要海水清澈温暖 It seems that if seawater is clear and warm,
而且舱内各个方向都安装了摄像机 We've got cameras pointing from every direction.
有捕猎者常驻意味着一件事 Resident predators mean one thing
简单的微生物总是能够进化 simple organisms will eventually evolve
好的 谢谢 Good. Thank you.
并建造出石灰岩家园 that can build limestone homes to protect themselves
这里有充足的食物供给 a plentiful supply of food.
非常感谢 我非常期待 Thanks very much. I'm looking forward to it a lot.
保护自己不受海浪和天敌威胁 from the waves and their enemies.
对于那些长途跋涉来到珊瑚礁的生物来说 For creatures travelling vast distances to get to the reef,
但这种事 But most of these events
大多发生在人类出现之前 started long before human beings appeared on Earth
艾露西亚的首次任务 The Alucia's first mission
鱼鹰礁是它们旅途中不可多得的驿站 that makes Osprey a very desirable waypoint on their journey.
是将我们送往大堡礁辽阔边界北部 is to take us to the Barrier's stunning ribbon reefs
整个过程需要数千年时间 and took many thousands of years to complete.
壮美的带状珊瑚礁 in the north of its extensive range.
我们现在知道大堡礁在历史上 We now know the reef has dwindled and recovered
海底山是大堡礁访客们的临时落脚点 Seamounts are stopping-off points for visitors.
这里是一片奇绝的自然美景 It's an area of outstanding natural beauty
它们从世界各地远道而来 They come from far and wide.
曾经历过多次衰败和再生 many times in its long history,
从虎鲨到海龟 From tiger sharks to turtles.
也是我们探索之旅的完美起点 and the perfect place to begin our explorations.
带状礁
此外它每隔24小时还要承受另一项挑战 but it also has to withstand a major change every 24 hours,
它们来此歇息片刻 似乎还在调整方向 And they come to refuel and also, it seems, recalibrate.
退潮和涨潮 as the tide retreats and comes back.
大堡礁的故事 The story of the Great Barrier Reef
从它最重要的居民 珊瑚虫开始 starts with its most important inhabitant, the coral itself.
退潮时 海水会很快流走 At low tide, the water drains away very quickly,
这里似乎就是去大堡礁路上的 It appears that this is a signpost
使得珊瑚礁顶端的生物群落遭到曝晒 leaving the topmost community of creatures dangerously exposed.
这些建造大堡礁的成千上万微小生物 Hidden inside these branching structures
指示牌和检查站 and a checkpoint on the way to the reef.
就藏在这些枝枝桠桠的建筑当中 are the thousands of tiny creatures that build these reefs.
访客们全年络绎不绝 Visitors arrive year round.
有些动物被潮水冲走 Some are washed out with the tide.
锤头鲨就是其中之一 Among them are hammerheads.
它们声名远扬 And they have an enormous claim to fame.
因为它们一起建成了地球上最大的活建筑 Together, they've built the largest living structure on earth.
有些游到了安全地带 Others swim to safety.
跟所有鲨鱼一样 Like all sharks,
它们鼻子上有微型传感神经 they have tiny sensors on their nose
能够接收地球磁场的信号 which can pick up signals from the Earth's magnetic field.
但珊瑚虫却无法移动 But the coral polyps can't move.
但这些迷人的珊瑚只在晚上活动 But these fascinating coral creatures are only active at night.
这能帮助它们 And that helps them navigate
在这片无垠的蓝色海洋中寻找方向 through the blue infinity of the open ocean.
此时珊瑚礁的表面 Temperatures on the surface of the reef
为了记录它们的行为 So to capture their behaviour,
可以达到30℃的高温 can now reach a scorching 30 degrees centigrade.
我们要做我以前从未做过的事 we'll need to do something I've never done before.
暴露在阳光下的珊瑚虫很容易就会脱水 The exposed corals could easily dry out
今晚 由专业潜水员 科学家 Tonight, a team of specialist divers, scientists
这里还有虎鲨 There are tiger sharks here, too.
并受到强烈紫外线的伤害 and be damaged by intense ultraviolet rays.
和像我这样的主持人组成一队 and programme-makers, like myself, have gathered together
它们到大堡礁来是为了觅食 They come to the reef to feed.
但珊瑚虫有办法保护自己 But corals have ways of protecting themselves.
希望能够在夜晚近距离长时间地观察大堡礁 to have a closer look and a longer look
它们似乎对路线了如指掌 And they seem to know exactly where they're going.
完成从前不可能的科考 at the reef at night than perhaps has ever been possible.
当暴露于空气中时 它们会分泌大量黏液 When exposed to air, they produce huge amounts of mucus,
像防晒霜一样可以保湿 which keeps them wet and acts like a sunscreen.
60年前我来这里时 When I came here 60 years ago,
它们大脑中负责嗅觉部分的所占比例 The proportion of their brain dedicated to smell
夜晚潜水是难以想象的 the idea of a night dive was almost inconceivable.
是所有鲨鱼中最大的 is the largest of any shark.
这种神奇的黏液实质上增加了它抵抗紫外线的能力 This remarkable slime actually increases its UV resistance,
对于当时还是初学者的我来说 It seemed to me, a beginner,
它们的两个鼻孔独立工作 Their two nostrils work independently,
气温越高 保护力越强 becoming stronger if the temperatures soar.
这实在太危险了 to be far too dangerous.
使得它们能够鼻闻四方 allowing them to smell in stereo
但现在 科技会帮助我 But now, technology is going to help me.
并追踪到极远的猎物 and track prey over huge distances.
因此珊瑚虫离开海水后 So, the coral manages to survive
还能够存活的几个小时 for the few hours that it's out of water.
一些虎鲨从鱼鹰礁出发 From Osprey, some tiger sharks
鱼鹰礁
我进去以后 一切就交给巴克和后勤团队了 Once I'm in, it's over to Buck and the support team,
去往大堡礁中一处非常特别的地方 travel to a very specific destination on the reef.
鱼鹰礁
但有一种鱼 But there's one fish
学会了利用退潮 that manages to turn this exposure to its advantage.
他们会留在艾露西亚上 who remain onboard the Alucia,
确保一切顺利 to make sure everything goes smoothly.
在鱼鹰礁370公里以北的地方便是雷恩岛 230 miles north of Osprey lies Raine Island.
雷恩岛
他们为了这一刻准备了好几个月 They've spent months preparing for this moment.
雷恩岛
鱼鹰礁
每逢夏天 虎鲨都必定会来这里 Every summer, the tiger sharks arrive without fail.
我们的潜艇 船员们叫它娜迪尔 Our submersible, known to the crew as the Nadir
即使海水退去后 The epaulette shark remains on the reef
肩章鲨依旧匍匐在珊瑚礁上 even when the tide goes out.
曾经在世界各地完成过这样的潜水 has, of course, made dives like this all over the world.
它们是想赶上大堡礁上的一个重要活动 They're here to take advantage of a major event on the reef -
当然 在如此浅的水中 Of course, with so little water,
她曾潜入海洋的最深处 She's descended to the deepest part of the oceans,
它无法获得身体所需的足够的氧气 it doesn't get as much oxygen as it requires normally,
雌性绿海龟的到来 the arrival of the female green turtles.
但它通过停止部分大脑工作 but it deals with that possibility
但她从没来过大堡礁 but she's never visited the Barrier Reef.
来解决这个问题 by shutting off a part of its brain
对大家来说都是第一次 It's a first for all of us.
以此达到降低耗氧量的目的 and so, reducing its oxygen demands.
虎鲨不是来这里杀戮的 The tiger sharks aren't here to kill,
当退潮使得顶层珊瑚枝暴露于空气中时 As the retreating tide exposes the topmost branches of the corals,
它们是来这里清理尸体的 they've come to scavenge on the dead.
但在我们出发之前 But before we can go anywhere,
肩章鲨会在珊瑚礁间形成的小水坑中 the shark remains in the little pools between them
那些在耗尽精力的迁徙中 The unlucky turtles who have not survived
我们需要把娜迪尔放置在 we'll need to position the Nadir
距艾露西亚有一段安全距离的地方 at a safe distance from the Alucia.
待到最后一刻 for as long as it can.
不幸死去的海龟 their exhausting immigration.
因此虎鲨得到了一个不怎么好听的名号 This is why the tiger shark has earned the unflattering title...
然后它动身去寻找食物 And then, it sets off to try and find food -
这是个大工程 It's a substantial operation,
例如生活在珊瑚礁上的小虾 小螃蟹 小虫 shrimps, crabs and small worms that live on the reef.
最终 我们准备好出发了 but finally, we're ready to get underway.
海洋垃圾桶 Dustbin of the Sea.
它借助自身的另一个技能 And it does that by exploiting another talent it has.
这里是娜迪尔 正在靠近浮标 S.O. Nadir, just approaching the buoy.
它们更喜欢清道夫的轻松生活 They prefer the easy life of the scavenger,
可以排水下潜了吗 Am I clear to vent?
实际上肩章鲨能行走 It can, in effect, walk.
所以大部分绿海龟 so the majority of green turtles
收到 娜迪尔 可以下潜 可以下潜 Roger, Nadir. You are clear to vent, clear to vent.
都不怎么害怕这些捕猎者 have little to fear from these predators.
潜水愉快 伙计们 Have a good dive, guys.
在夏日 成千上万的海龟到达此处 In the summer months, the turtles arrive in thousands.
潜入波浪之下是梦幻般的经历 Sinking beneath the waves is a very surreal experience.
虽然行进速度很慢 It may be slow-going,
但它能顺利地穿行于 but the little shark manages to make its way
石灰岩间的水坑之间 between the rocky pools to look for prey
它们从东边的新几内亚 瓦努阿图 They have come from as far as New Guinea, Vanuatu
你下意识地屏住呼吸 Your first instinct is to hold your breath.
寻找被困在其中的猎物 that may be imprisoned in them.
以及新喀里多尼亚 and New Caledonia to the east,
还有西边的托雷斯海峡甚至更远处远道而来 as well as from the Torres Straits and beyond to the west.
肩章鲨现在横行无忌 It has the run of the place,
直到海水涨潮再次淹没珊瑚礁 until the tide returns once more to flood the reeftop.
一些海龟甚至游了整整2400公里 Some have travelled an impressive 1,500 miles
晚上的大堡礁像幽灵的世界 At night, the reef is a ghostly world.
才到达这片海滩 to reach this particular beach.
这片岛屿只有几百米长 It measures only a few hundred metres across,
像虾一样的小生物在灯光中跳舞 Tiny shrimp-like creatures dance in the lights.
不过是沧海中的一粟 a tiny speck in a vast ocean.
但是雷恩岛却在它们的生命中扮演着重要的角色 But Raine Island plays a major role in their lives.
大堡礁的居民们都用自己的方式 So, the inhabitants of the reef, each in its own way,
大堡礁的繁殖期绿海龟中 70% of the Barrier Reef's breeding green turtles
快看 Look at that!
来应对每天暴露于空气中带来的危险 deal with the daily hazards brought by exposure.
有70%会来到这里产卵 come here to lay.
由于光线微弱 颜色变得很暗淡 With little light, there is a lot less colour,
这是世界上最重要的筑巢地之一 It's one of the most important nesting sites in the world.
但这里仍然是一个神奇的地方 but this is still a very magical place.
但每年仍然有一种灾难来袭 But there is one catastrophe that can strike each year
我首次踏上雷恩岛 I first visited Raine for a television series
令珊瑚礁毫无防备之力 against which there is no defence.
有东西 第一条鱼 There's something! My first fish!
是在1957年来这里拍摄《动物园探索》 called Zoo Quest back in 1957.
我们的潜艇最终会带我们到300米深处 Our submersible will eventually take us to depths of 300 metres.
动物园探索
珊瑚海
雷恩岛
那时雷恩岛还默默无名且人迹罕至 At the time, Raine was little known and rarely visited.
但现在只有30米深 Now, we're only 30 metres down,
从11月开始 From November onwards,
从西北方向吹来的暖湿气流 warm, moisture-laden winds from the northwest
但这已经是一个足够激动人心的开始了 but that's exciting enough for a start.
当时我第一次见到了绿海龟蛋的孵化 It was then I met my first green turtle hatchling.
横扫整个热带海域 sweep down across these tropic seas
于是便形成了飓风 and it's then that cyclones form.
在这片黑暗的水域 In these dark waters,
巴克在大堡礁前移动时要非常小心 Buck needs to be careful as we move around the front of the reef.
在那时 我们完全不知道 Back then, we had no idea
实际上 这才是杀害珊瑚礁的主凶 They are, in fact, the biggest killers of the reef's corals.
这些海龟身上有多么神奇的故事 just how extraordinary a story these turtles had to tell.
但它对珊瑚礁的破坏并不是永久性的 But that doesn't mean that the corals are permanently destroyed.
我们现在才知道 如果它们能活下去 We now know that if they survive,
珊瑚礁有时也被称为海底城市 Coral reefs are sometimes described as marine cities.
它们将在海洋中度过接下来的40年时光 they'll spend the next 40 years of their lives at sea.
珊瑚礁强大的恢复力再次显现出来 Their resilience once more comes apparent.
这个比喻的确非常形象 And the comparison is indeed a good one.
然后重回雷恩岛产卵 Only then do they return to Raine to breed.
我们来仔细观察大堡礁的建筑 We're here to take a closer look at the reef's architecture.
有一个很典型的例子 And there's an extraordinary example of that
发生在一个你想不到的地方 in the most unlikely of places.
其中的珊瑚楼房 Its coral buildings.
令人震惊的是 And astonishingly,
它们会回到自己孵化时的同一片海滩 they return to exactly the same beach where they themselves hatched.
这里有超过450种不同种类的硬珊瑚 There are more than 450 different species of hard coral.
海中生活数十年后的它们如何找到回家的路 How they find their way back after decades at sea
我们看到的这些植物一样的东西 The plant-like structures we can see
仍是有关这种生物的谜团之一 is one of the mysteries that surround this species.
事实上是由石灰岩构成的 are actually made of limestone.
住在里面的是成千上万非常勤劳的小动物 And living inside are thousands of highly industrious little animals
这是SS扬格拉号客轮的残骸 This is the wreck of the SS Yongala.
但新的研究显示 海龟和鲨鱼一样 But new research is suggesting that, just like the sharks,
它们叫珊瑚虫 called coral polyps.
也通过地球磁场寻找方向 they navigate using the Earth's magnetic field.
它沉没于1911年的一场飓风 It was sunk by a cyclone in 1911.
它们重达130公斤 They weigh up to 130 kilos,
晚上 珊瑚礁周围的水中 At night, the water around the reef
所以拖着沉重的身躯爬上海滩是艰巨的任务 so hauling themselves up the beach is a gruelling task.
充满了很多微小生物 becomes filled with clouds of tiny microorganisms
它位于水下30米深的 It lies 30 metres below the surface
我们称之为浮游动物 called the zooplankton.
但据预估 But it's expected
今年仍会有三万只海龟上岸产卵 that 30,000 of them will come ashore to lay their eggs this year.
一个贫瘠多沙的海底平原 on a barren, sandy plain...
珊瑚虫以它们为食 And that's what the corals eat.
且与天然珊瑚礁相隔数公里远 miles away from any natural coral reefs.
珊瑚虫从石头骨架中 The coral polyps themselves emerge from their stony skeleton
由于地方不大 雌海龟们都各自为政 With space in short supply, it's every female for herself.
探出触手 搜寻食物 and start groping in the water with their tentacles.
几十年后 人们发现了这艘沉船 By the time it was discovered, decades later,
它已经变成了一座人工珊瑚礁 it had become an artificial reef...
我们需要专门的相机 才能看见它们在做什么 To see just what they're doing, we need specialised cameras.
种类格外丰富繁多的生物栖息于此 and had been colonised by an extraordinary variety of life.
一旦它们挖好了洞 就可以开始产卵了 Once they've dug a hole, laying can begin.
珊瑚虫从不离开它们安全的石灰岩家园 The coral polyps never leave the safety of their limestone homes,
哪怕是在夜晚 even at night.
它就如同荒芜海域中的一片沙洲 It was an oasis in the featureless ocean.
每个蛋大概和乒乓球一般大 Each egg is roughly the size of a Ping-Pong ball.
一旦食物到了触手可及的范围内 If something edible comes within reach,
一只雌性海龟每次可产120个蛋 A female may lay up to 120 of them at a time
珊瑚虫就发射它们触手上 the polyps fire the microscopic harpoons
而在一次繁殖期中她可以产卵6次 and she's able to do this six times in a single breeding season.
微小的鱼叉 that line their tentacles.
猎物被击晕或杀死 The prey is stunned or killed
但自从它沉没时起 But in the century since it sank,
然后拖进珊瑚虫的嘴中 and then pulled into the polyp's mouth.
船骸就不断地被飓风袭击 the wreck has been hit repeatedly by more cyclones.
当产完卵后 她会把蛋埋好 Once the eggs are laid, she buries them.
如果你不能离开家 那就必须要百发百中 When you can't leave your home, it pays to be accurate.
接下来的60天 For the next 60 days,
珊瑚虫刺人的武器不仅仅用于收集食物 The coral's stinging armoury isn't used only for collecting food.
沙子能防止它们被捕猎者发现 the sand will conceal them from predators
因为这里的海水不深 The waters here are not deep,
保护它们免受烈日的直射 and protect them from the blistering sun.
所以飓风形成的湍流可以达到海底 so the turbulence created by a cyclone can reach the sea floor.
它也能用来战斗 They also use it to fight.
根据最近的发现 Because, as has been discovered only comparatively recently,
珊瑚虫和许多陆生动物一样 corals, like many animals that live on land,
也有很强的领地意识 are extremely territorial.
为了能看清它们的战斗 But in order to see the battles,
我们需要快进 you have to speed up time.
正在仔细观察海龟进展的这位 Keeping a very close eye on the turtles' progress
是安迪·邓斯坦博士 is Dr. Andy Dunstan
他来自大堡礁海洋公园管理局 of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.
刮向海岸的飓风 Cyclones travelling towards the coast
一群珊瑚虫合作守护领地 The polyps of each colony collaborate to defend their patch.
能撕裂绵延上百公里的珊瑚礁 can rip up hundreds of miles of coral.
雷恩岛是世界上最大的绿海龟群栖地之一 Raine Island is the biggest green turtle rookery in the world.
和任何一座大城市一样 这里的空间很宝贵 As in any big city, space is precious.
所以对于绿海龟的生存现状来说 So it's incredibly important
特里弗·杰克森船长 Captain Trevor Jackson,
这里至关重要 with the state of green turtles at the moment.
在这几十年间曾多次潜入船骸 who has been diving on this wreck for decades,
如果对手靠的太近 就会爆发争端 If a rival grows too close, there will be trouble.
因此雷恩岛是大堡礁中最备受保护的一座岛屿 Because of this, Raine is the most protected island on the reef.
他在2011年目睹了 saw the devastating effects
一个五级飓风对珊瑚礁造成的毁灭性的影响 caused in 2011 by a category five cyclone.
这些战斗可以持续几小时 These fights can last for hours.
飓风洋基 一个特大号飓风 Cyclone Yahtzee, a massive system,
只有一小部分生物学家可以来到这里 Only a handful of biologists are allowed to land here
横穿海岸到达这里的北部 crossed the coast just north of here.
战斗非常激烈 The competition is fierce
而安迪和他的团队这么做是很有道理的 and Andy and his team have done so for very good reason.
珊瑚虫群相互推挤 as the coral colonies jostle with one another
这个飓风相当大 它掀起的巨浪 The cyclone was so large, it generated waves
来争夺最佳的觅食场所 for the best feeding sites.
使扬格拉号的顶部露出了海面 that exposed the top of the Yongala.
虽然肯定会有大量海龟来此上岸 A huge number of turtles are certainly coming ashore
在战斗之外 珊瑚虫有其他工作要做 When they're not locked in battle, the corals have work to do.
并在岛上产卵 to lay their eggs on the island,
但是团队观察发现了一个令人担忧的趋势 but the team's observations have revealed a worrying trend.
它们必须从周围的海水中吸收碳酸钙 They must extract calcium carbonate from the surrounding seawater
在沙子中安全度孵化的龟蛋 The number of young hatchlings surviving incubation in the sand
用来建造家园 and with it, build their homes.
船骸被巨浪掀了起来 There was a lifting action...
下降至仅仅两成 has dropped to just 20%.
这很值得我们担忧 It's a serious cause for concern.
在这个过程中 And in the process,
海水冲掉了珊瑚礁顶部的所有海洋生物 this scoured the top of the reef of all marine life.
每一种珊瑚虫都有独特的建筑风格 Each coral species has its own particular way of building.
我们所看到的孵化出来的海龟 The hatchlings we're seeing coming out
绝没有它们本该有的那么多 are nowhere near the numbers that they should be.
它们一起建起了巨大的珊瑚礁 And together, they eventually create the huge reefs
当我们挖开这些巢穴时 The nests, when we dig them up,
为其他体型更大的生物提供了家园 that provide homes for all kinds of other, much larger creatures.
我们发现龟蛋的孵化成功率非常低 have got really low levels of successful eggs hatching.
曾经繁盛一时的生态系统 What was once a thriving ecosystem
而导致这种现象的原因 And that is happening because of the very substance
如今变成了光秃秃的残骸 was now an almost bare skeleton.
正是最初使得这座岛屿适合海龟筑巢的东西 that makes this island so suitable for nest-building in the first place.
雷恩岛是一座沙岛 沙子会移动 Raine Island's a sand island. They move.
但令人吃惊的是 扬格拉客轮上的珊瑚礁 But amazingly, the reef on the Yongala
在几个月内就开始进行自我修复 began to repair itself within months.
晚上的大堡礁就像外星世界 At night, the reef seems like an extraterrestrial world.
特别是对于这里的绿海龟而言 But specifically for the green turtles here,
它们的筑巢点变低了 the nesting area has become lower,
但在海底 我们才是外星人 But down here, we are the aliens.
也就是说30年前不存在 so what we're seeing now
绿藻首先出现在船骸上 Green algae appeared on the wreck.
而现在才出现的现象 就是潮汐浸没 that we never saw 30 years ago is inundation of tidal waters.
接着是藤壶 它可以让珊瑚附着生长 Barnacles followed, allowing corals to get a grip.
有只海龟过来了 And here comes a turtle!
也就是说涨潮时 This means that at high tide,
被我们的灯光吸引而来 Attracted by our lights.
海水从下面淹没了岛屿 the island is being flooded from below
来吧 Come on!
孵化中的海龟蛋也就被淹死了 and the developing turtle eggs are being drowned.
很快 新的生物群落建立完成 And soon, a new community had established itself.
75%的海滩都不适宜孵化了 75% of the beach-nesting area is not suitable.
朝我们直直游过来了 Coming straight to us.
鉴于海龟需要很长时间才能成年 Because turtles take a long time to mature,
我们预计未来会出现 we expect to see a crash
成年海龟数量的急剧减少 in those adult turtle numbers in the future.
真是太棒了 Isn't that great!
如果我们马上开始干预 If we do something about hatchling success
绿海龟: 濒危物种 全世界仅剩下约20万头产卵母龟
能与一只绿海龟面对面 Coming face-to-face with a green turtle
筑巢孵育的过程 and nesting success now,
这种机会真是千载难逢 in this setting is a rare privilege,
我们应该能看到数量的回升 we should see that recover again.
但它和其他所有的珊瑚礁居民们得以栖息于此 but its presence here, along with all the other reef residents,
去年 安迪团队制定了一个勇敢的方案 Last year, Andy and his team made an ambitious plan.
都归功于伟大的珊瑚礁建造者 is only made possible thanks to the great coral builders.
扬格拉号如此独一无二的原因之一 One of the things that makes the Yongala so unique
它看起来没有很生气吧 He doesn't look very upset, does he?
他们在测试区域 In a trial sector,
就是在气象灾害后它的自我更新能力 is the way it rejuvenates itself after a major weather event.
将海龟筑巢区抬高了1.5米 they have raised the turtles nesting area by one and a half metres.
这样的偶遇在大堡礁时有发生 It happens all the time on this reef.
在过去的四五年中 In the course of the last four or five years,
他们希望这能让孵化中的海龟卵 They hope this will keep the developing eggs
有80%的珊瑚礁已经重新生长出来了 about 80% of the reef has re-grown.
免受潮水的危害 clear of the tidal waters and out of harm's way.
我的第一次潜水就此圆满结束 It's the perfect end to my first dive.
产卵结束 漫长的两个月过去了 Two long months after the egg laying began,
扬格拉号的故事表明 The story of the Yongala shows
珊瑚礁可以出人意料地 that a coral reef can, remarkably,
团队回到这里观察方案是否成功 the team returns to see if their plan is working.
我们是时候该回到艾露西亚号上了 The time has come for us to make our way back up to the Alucia.
从自然灾难中重生 recover from natural disaster.
在黑夜的掩护下 Under the cover of darkness,
今晚的第一批幼龟出现了 the first of the evening's hatchlings start to emerge.
当珊瑚礁非常健康时 And such recovery can be surprisingly quick
欢迎回来 先生们 Welcome back, gentlemen.
它们在大约两天前 They started to push their way up
重生可以非常迅速 when a reef is healthy and in balance.
就已经开始向上挖了 through the sand about two days earlier.
其中的大多数居民 Most of the reef's inhabitants
夜潜大堡礁是一次令人兴奋不已的体验 Diving on a reef at night is a thrilling experience.
互相依赖以求生存 depend on one another for survival.
安迪团队期待的这一刻终于到来了 Now comes the moment that Andy and his team have been waiting for.
下一步我想去看看 这些微小的珊瑚生物 What I want to see next is how exactly these tiny coral creatures
是如何创造出这样一片广阔无垠的栖息地的 have created such a vast and extensive habitat.
为了解答这个问题 To answer that,
我们必须从另一个角度观察大堡礁 we'll need to look at the reef from another angle entirely.
这条小沙沟可以暂时阻止小海龟的爬行 A shallow trench helps to delay the new arrivals temporarily
但是珊瑚虫是这一切的基础 But it is the coral that is the foundation of the reef
它在许多这种关系中扮演重要角色 and it plays a crucial role in many of the relationships.
团队就可以数清数量 and allow the team to count them.
目前 结果非常喜人 So far, the signs are very encouraging.
夜幕渐深 孵化数量越来越多 And as the night wears on, it gets better and better.
这是棘冠海星 This is the crown-of-thorns starfish.
看上去情况很棒 This is looking great.
对它来说 珊瑚是食物 For it, coral is food
筑巢率和孵化率都提高了很多 We're getting much better nesting success, much better hatching success,
如果不加干涉 它会不停地吃珊瑚 and it will eat relentlessly if not kept in check.
海龟在整个区域都筑了巢 the turtles are nesting right across the whole area
对于其他生物 比如守卫蟹来说 But to other creatures, like the guard crab,
没怎么互相抢占筑巢地 and not disturbing each other so much.
珊瑚礁就是家 coral is home.
藏在沙底下的蛋 And those clutches which are underneath the sand
孵化成功率更好 are hatching much more successfully.
从这个高度俯瞰 At this height,
守卫蟹不惜一切代价 The crab is prepared to defend its patch
这证实安迪团队找到了正确的方法 It's confirmation that Andy and his team have found the right way
你才能够真正欣赏到大堡礁的壮阔 you can begin to appreciate the immense size of the Barrier Reef.
守卫自己的家园不受肉食海星的攻击 from the carnivorous starfish at all costs.
重建这片重要的繁殖区 to restore this vital breeding area.
它绵延2300公里 It's 2,300 kilometres long,
即1400英里 1,400 miles.
是地球上最大的生命结构体 It's the largest living structure on the planet.
但对于幼龟来说 But for the young hatchlings,
然而 棘冠海星要比 The crown-of-thorns, however,
生命的历练才刚刚开始 the trials of life have only just begun.
大多数大堡礁的其他海星都要大 is much larger than most other starfish on the reef,
所以小小的守卫蟹只能暗渡陈仓 so the tiny crab is forced to take a more stealthy approach.
每个新生命都要完成艰险的冲刺 Each new arrival will have to make a perilous dash
像这样的珊瑚礁多出现在热带浅水区域 Reefs much like these develop in the shallow tropical waters
才能到达海洋 to reach the ocean.
大多围绕着海岛和大陆海岸生长 that surround many an island and continental coast.
它藏在珊瑚礁里 Hidden within the coral,
现在它们全靠自己 Now they're on their own.
等待攻击的时刻来临 it waits for its moment to attack.
但甚少有珊瑚礁群能比得上大堡礁 But few can match the Great Barrier
安迪团队不能干涉这个过程 Andy and his team must not interfere at this stage.
不论是从面积还是生物多样性而言 in either size or complexity.
这些幼小脆弱的幼龟不可避免地 Inevitably, the tiny, defenceless hatchlings
那么 澳大利亚的东北部海岸 So, what is so special
到底有什么不寻常之处呢 about the north-eastern coast of Australia?
吸引了大批捕猎者 attract scores of predators.
线索之一就藏在这里海床的形状之中 A clue to the answer lies in the shape of the sea floor.
燕鸥和鹭在海滩上空巡逻 Terns and herons patrol the beach.
海星暴露在危险之中 The starfish has left itself dangerously exposed,
如果我们能拨开海水看看 If we strip away the ocean,
但守卫蟹很谨慎 but the crab is cautious.
大家就能明白大堡礁 we can reveal the reason
为何能如此非同寻常 why such extraordinary growth is possible.
时机合适时 守卫蟹用它有力的钳子 When it can, the crab uses its powerful pincers
珊瑚礁大多生长在非常浅的大陆架之上 The reef has grown on a very shallow continental shelf.
鲨鱼在浅海中蠢蠢欲动 And in the shallows, reef sharks lie in wait.
攻击海星的躯体和管状的足 to snip at the starfish's spines and tube-like feet
再往外就是一道突然出现的两千米深的陡坡 Beyond which, there is a sudden and very steep 2,000-metre drop-off.
珊瑚礁所在的海域平均水深35米 It stands in waters with an average depth of just 35 metres.
恰好是阳光 That's just about as far
能够穿透海水的最远距离 as sunlight can penetrate with any strength.
然后撤回安全的珊瑚礁中 Before retreating back into the safety of the coral.
光线对建造者珊瑚虫们来说至关重要 Light is crucially important to reef-building corals
守卫蟹赢得了这次战役 The crab has won this battle.
因为它们在进化中得来的特殊搭档 because they have developed a special partnership
微型藻类需要阳光 with microscopic algae
但最近 情况有所变化 But recently, something has changed
这种植物就生活在珊瑚虫的组织内 plants that actually grow within their tissues.
这种平衡被打破了 and the balance has been upset.
棘冠海星的数量显著上升 The number of crown-of-thorns has increased dramatically
藻类得到了庇护 The algae get a safe home
它们所有植物一样 and, like all plants,
它们成为了大堡礁的一个大问题 and they've become a big problem on the reef.
进行光合作用 产生能量 when they photosynthesise, they produce energy.
珊瑚虫利用这些能量 The coral polyps use this energy
为了了解更多的情况 To find out more,
艾露西号将带我到位于大堡礁北边的 the Alucia is taking me to a research station
来建造它们的石灰石家园 to construct their limestone home.
科学考察站 in the far north of the reef.
很多幼龟在半途折损 Great numbers are lost,
但到达海洋的数量 but enough will make it to the ocean
它们联手打造了一座水下城市 Together, they've built an underwater city
也足够保证物种的延续 to ensure the species' survival.
其规模之宏大让人难以置信 on a scale that is almost impossible to comprehend.
科考站位于蜥蜴岛 It's situated on Lizard Island,
我们可以在那里近距离观察这个问题 where we can observe this problem up close.
蜥蜴岛
但更神奇地是就在一万年前 But amazingly, just 10,000 years ago,
这里完全没有珊瑚虫栖息 there was no coral here at all.
幼龟一旦离开大堡礁 As the young turtles leave the reef,
蜥蜴岛周边环绕着大堡礁中 Lizard is surrounded by some of the most spectacular reefs
就能得到洋流的帮助 they get a helping hand from the ocean currents.
最壮观的珊瑚礁群 on the entire barrier.
我们现在所熟知的大堡礁根本不存在 The Great Barrier Reef as we know it today simply didn't exist.
但它们现在遭到了捕食珊瑚的海星攻击 But they are under attack from the coral-eating starfish.
它们被冲进开阔的海洋 Swept out into the open ocean and there,
那里会有新的危险 they face new hazards.
如果能活下来 它们最终会回到 If they survive, they will eventually return
在岛上的科学考察站 And at the island's research station,
这些珊瑚群落究竟从何时又是如何产生的 How and when these coral communities began
研究人员一直在研究 they've been studying
它们孵化出生的同一片海滩 to the very same beaches where they hatched.
为什么现在的棘冠海星比以前更多了 why we might be seeing more of them than we used to.
是科学家们近几年来 is something scientists
才开始研究的课题 have only recently started to investigate.
对于到大堡礁来产卵的海龟和鸟类来说 Remote islands like Raine are hugely important
海洋地质学家罗宾·比曼博士 Marine geologist, Dr Robin Beaman,
像雷恩岛这样偏僻的岛屿是非常重要的 to both turtles and birds that come to the reef to lay their eggs.
正主持着一个雄心勃勃的研究项目 has been leading an ambitious project
计划扫描整个大堡礁 to scan the entire reef.
它们卓越的繁殖能力 They have an extraordinary ability
他的数据让我们得以绘制海底地图 And his data has allowed us to map the sea floor.
能够在短时间内快速增加数量 to suddenly increase vastly in numbers,
大堡礁有900座独立岛屿可以选择 There are 900 isolated islands on the Great Barrier from which to choose
其中有一座岛屿适合所有动物访客 and there's a habitat to suit every visitor.
就像瘟疫一般 like a plague.
大卫 这是大堡礁的3D模型 David, this is a three-dimensional model of the Great Barrier Reef.
从上世纪六十年代开始 已有三次这样的瘟疫了 There have been three such plagues since the 1960s
在深水区 我们一般用声纳 In deeper waters, we tend to use sonar,
不幸的是 and, unfortunately,
在浅水区 我们用水下激光束 in shallow waters, we tend to use underwater laser beams
我们现在似乎正在经历第四次这样的瘟疫 it seems as though we're in the middle, now, of a fourth.
海龟需要沙滩 Turtles need sandy beaches
来绘制海底图像 to image the sea floor.
很多鸟类则需要树木 and many birds need trees.
也许你认为这种瘟疫只是 You might think that these plagues
大堡礁需要承受的另一种自然灾难 are just another natural disaster
结合计算机建模技术和放射性碳定年法 By combining computer modelling and radiocarbon dating,
艾露西亚号正在带我们去 The Alucia is taking us to one of these wooded islands
就如同飓风一样 that the reef has had to withstand, like cyclones.
他的团队能够重建 his team have been able to reconstruct
事实上有证据证明 There are reasons to suppose that, in fact,
大堡礁南端的一座有树林的岛屿 near the southern end of the Great Barrier.'
大堡礁形成的重要阶段 the key stages in the development of the Great Barrier.
这种瘟疫可能是由人类活动而引发的 the plagues have been affected by human activity
苍鹭岛在距离雷恩岛1600公里的南边 Almost 1,000 miles south of Raine is Heron Island.
雷恩岛
他们的研究帮助确定了 Their research has helped identify an event
可能是因为土地肥料渗出的积累 either through an accumulation of run-off
每年它都吸引成千上万的鸟儿 And every year, it attracts
一到两万年前的一个事件 between 10,000 and 20,000 years ago
为幼年的海星提供了更多食物 of fertilisers from the land that creates more food for the young starfish,
来这里寻找安全之处筑巢 thousands of birds seeking somewhere safe to nest.
苍鹭岛
这或将解释大堡礁形成的原因 which may explain how the Great Barrier Reef was formed.
或者是因为人们过度捕鱼 or because we have overfished
从而打破了大堡礁自然的生态平衡 and so destroyed the natural balance of the reef.
这座岛被脆弱的珊瑚礁环绕 The island is surrounded by fragile coral reef.
但令人吃惊的是 But surprisingly,
科学家们并不是唯一讲述这个故事的人 scientists are not the only ones to tell this story.
为了上岸 So to reach the shore,
海星数量井喷是过去30年 The starfish outbreaks have been responsible
我要离开在深水抛锚的艾露西亚号 I'm leaving the Alucia anchored in deeper water.
40%的珊瑚礁死亡的原因 for over 40% of the coral loss of the last 30 years.
澳大利亚原住民在大约五万年前 Australia's Aboriginal peoples arrived on this continent
抵达这片大陆 around 50,000 years ago.
但它只是查理·韦龙博士见证的巨变之一 It's just one of the huge changes here witnessed by Dr Charlie Veron.
他们开始讲述大堡礁形成的故事时 They have been telling the story of how the reef was formed
1972年 查理被任命为 In 1972, Charlie was appointed
大堡礁的首位全职科学家 the reef's first full-time coral scientist.
世上的科学家们都还不知道它的存在 long before the world's scientists even knew it existed.
于是他成为了世界级珊瑚专家 He's gone on to become a world authority on coral
大堡礁温暖的海水中充满鱼类 The warm waters of the Barrier Reef are full of fish.
为了听一听这个故事 To hear that story,
艾露西亚号正带着我们前往昆士兰北部 the Alucia is taking us to Northern Queensland
世界上三分之一的已知珊瑚都是他发现的 and has identified a third of the world's known species.
对于鸟类来说 就是有充足的食物 Full of food, as far as birds are concerned.
去拜访一个与这个海底世界 to meet a community with a very special connection
大堡礁上全年都有大量的海鸟 There are immense numbers of seabirds throughout the year on the reef.
带状礁
他是最先在这片海底世界 He was one of the first scientists
有着非常特殊羁绊的族群 to this underwater world.
探索的科学家之一 to spend time in this underwater world
他们使用了一项特定的技术 and that was due to a particular piece of technology.
现在已经到了每年 But the moment comes in the year
鸟类繁殖的季节 when, in fact, a bird has to lay.
凯恩斯
为了繁殖 它们需要上岸 And to do that, it has to go onto land.
在水肺潜水时代的开端 What we knew about corals at the beginning of the scuba era
他们是吉姆耶·瓦鲁巴巴·因丁吉族人 They are the Gimuy Walubara Yidinji people.
可以用于筑巢的地点 And the number of sites
我们几乎不了解任何关于珊瑚的知识 was just almost nothing.
是非常有限的 where they can build a nest are very limited.
水肺肯定彻底地改变了这种情况 So, scuba gear must have changed things radically.
他们就住在凯恩斯市外 And they live just outside the city of Cairns.
它们只好将就着挤在一起 So they will put up with a great deal of crowding
它改变了一切 It changed everything.
当你潜到水下观察珊瑚礁表面时 When you went down the face of a coral reef,
甚至是和像我这样的入侵者待在一起 and even with intruders,
你能看到珊瑚是如何进食 如何互相打斗 you could see how corals fed, how they fought each other,
而不是抛弃自己的巢 like myself, without deserting their nest.
这个部落世代生活在大堡礁附近 This community has dwelt alongside the reef
如何繁殖 how they reproduced and still,
已有数千年历史 for thousands of years.
然而我们仍然只知皮毛 we're only just scratching the surface.
你好 Hello.
想一想热带雨林里都在发生什么 Think of all the things that happen in a rainforest,
我们又知道多少相关的东西 how much we know about it.
黑燕鸥是非常有保护意识的父母 Noddies are very protective parents.
有关珊瑚礁的知识 We haven't got a thousandth part
我们所知道的还不足千分之一 of that information on the coral reef yet.
没什么能干扰它们尽抚育后代的责任 Very little deters them from their chick-rearing duties.
他们的许多传统都能追溯到远古时期 And many of their traditions hark back to those ancient times.
但从查理最初发现珊瑚礁到现在 But since Charlie's first discoveries,
大堡礁已经发生了戏剧性的变化 the reef has altered dramatically.
过去的十年 二十年 三十年 四十年里 I've been going back to the same spots
而其中一种传统讲述了大堡礁的形成 And one of them tells how the reef came into existence.
我经常会回到同一个地方 10, 20, 30, 40 years ago
每年有超过一百五十万的鸟 Over one-and-a-half million birds
到大堡礁繁殖后代 come to the Great Barrier's islands every year to breed.
每次回去 and every time I go back,
这个传说以舞蹈的形式代代相传 It's a legend that has been passed down from generation to generation in the form of a dance.
我都因我看到的变化而难过 I'm sickened by some of the changes I've seen.
如果想看到最引人入胜的一幕 To see one of the most intriguing,
有时我回去 我知道是同一个地方 Sometimes, I go back, I know it's the same spot
你得先等待日落西山 you'll have to wait until after dark.
我却几乎认不出来了 and I can barely recognise it.
跟我讲讲这个舞蹈背后的故事吧 先生 Tell me the story that's connected to this dance, sir.
浅水区中有的物种现在已经消失了 Some species have been wiped out in the shallows now.
已经消失了 It's already happened.
这是我们戒律故事的一部分 It's part of our law story
我是听我父亲说的这个故事 that's told to me by my dad, my father,
查理所见证的 What Charlie had witnessed
正是人类对大堡礁造成的影响 were the effects of mankind upon the reef.
他又是从他父亲那儿听到的 and was told to him by his father
他的祖父也是这样 and his grandfather, as well.
最先预示着这些神秘生灵到来的 The first indication that this secretive character has arrived
将近六十年前 When I myself first visited
这个舞蹈最让我感兴趣的地方 The part of the dance that really interests me
我自己第一次来到昆士兰海岸时 the Queensland coast almost 60 years ago,
是它们不同寻常的歌声 is its rather unusual song.
是刚亚和圣鱼的故事 is the story of Gunyah and the sacred fish.
这里和现在很不一样 it was very different.
故事的开始是刚亚来到海边 The story starts with Gunyah going out to sea.
他看到水中有道闪光 And he saw a glitter in the water,
老水手们叫它们鬼鸟 The old sailors used to call it the ghost bird
他以为是一条鱼 which he thought was a fish.
就是因为这独特的叫声 because of its extraordinary call.
当他叉中这条鱼时 And when he speared it,
从那时开始 和世界上很多海岸线一样 Since then, like many coastlines around the world,
它们正式一些的名字叫曳尾鹱 More properly known as the wedge-tailed shearwater.
他叉中的实际上是我们的圣鱼 刺魟 he actually speared our sacred fish, the stingray.
这里的人口剧烈增长 there has been a massive increase in population
工业爆炸似地发展 and an explosion of industry.
圣鱼发怒了 它开始往上游 So the fish got angry and it started to rise up.
用它的翅膀搅动海水 And with its wings,
让大海波涛汹涌 it made the sea rough
鸟儿的可怕叫声带我来到它们的繁殖地点 The birds' haunting calls guide me to their breeding grounds.
让海平面不断上升 and it caused the sea to rise.
让我们回到第一批人类踏足这块大陆的时间点 Take us back to the time when the first human beings arrived here.
到了1975年 大堡礁被划为国家海洋公园 By 1975, the reef had been declared a National Marine Park.
那时候是什么样子的呢 What was it like then?
海岸线与现在截然不同 The coastline would have been very different.
那时候的海岸线应该在这个位置 So the coastline would have been right out here,
这是世界上最大的海洋公园 It was the biggest one of its kind in the world.
在大堡礁的外缘处 on the edge of the Great Barrier Reef.
但之后 新的威胁出现了 But then, a new threat began to be recognised
那时的海平面要低很多 The sea level was much lower
当时的人类应该是在海边以捕鱼打猎为生 and they would have fished and hunted the coastline.
它不仅针对大堡礁 也威胁着全世界的海洋 not only to the reef, but to the world's oceans
它们是真正的海鸟 These are true seafaring birds.
这里是石灰岩小山 These were limestone hills
长满了桉树 遍布着湿地 that would have been eucalypts, marshlands.
气候变化 climate change.
当它们在海上捕食时 Out at sea when they're feeding,
应该还有红树林沼泽地 There would have been mangrove swamps.
它们很擅长在海面低空掠过 they are very expert at flying just above the surface,
或是在海面游泳 同时捕鱼 or indeed swimming on the surface, catching their fish.
但大约在一万四千年前 But roughly 14,000 years ago,
现在大气中的二氧化碳 There is more carbon dioxide in our atmosphere now
但当它们需要上岸时 But when they come into land, well,
首先它们要在夜晚上岸 they have to come in in the dark, for a start.
气候开始发生剧烈变化 the climate started to dramatically change.
比八十万年内的都要多 than there has been in 800,000 years.
它们的着陆技巧有时候不太专业 And their landing is sometimes not very expert.
那时应该是大冰期的末期 It was the end of the Ice Age.
融化的冰水开始淹没大陆架 And all that water started to inundate the continental shelf
工业化国家消耗化石燃料的速度 Industrialised nations have been burning fossil fuels
夜视相机拍到的着陆画面 Night-vision cameras probably give us
淹没了这片开阔平坦的土地 and start to flood this vast, flat landscape.
似乎比实际着陆的动作还更灵巧一些 better pictures of their landing ground than they seem to have.
已经达到令人惊恐的级别 at an alarming rate.
都发生在一个人一生的时间里吗 And in one man's lifetime?
全球变暖正在缓慢地使地球升温 Global warming is slowly heating up our planet
没错 Absolutely.
所以住在这里的人们必须向后撤退 So, people living here are going to have to retreat?
这会对我们造成巨大的问题 and threatens to cause huge problems for us all.
没错 那是个动荡不安的时代 Absolutely. It would have been a dramatic time for them.
他们应该是跟着海岸线不断移动 They would have been following the coastline
我们产生的二氧化碳 Around 30% of the carbon dioxide we produce
随着大陆架不断被淹没 as it prograded further and further back
有30%会被海洋吸收 is absorbed by the ocean.
海岸线也在不断地向内陆推进 as the water was flooding the shelf.
这种变化速度非常快 The rate of change was so great
它们用来拍打海水的的腿 Their legs with which they paddle over the surface of the sea
在这块平坦开阔的区域 that in these very flat areas here,
因此海洋的温度和酸度都在上升 As a result, we're seeing an increase in the temperature and acidity of our seas.
在身体很靠后的位置 are placed far back on their body,
海岸线每年都要向内推进数百米 the coastline would have moved back by hundreds of metres every year.
令它们走路很笨拙 and that makes them clumsy walkers.
-每年吗 -每年 - Every year? - Every year.
两者都在伤害大堡礁的居民 Both are killing the inhabitants of the reef.
它们飞行了6400公里才到达这里 These birds have travelled an extraordinary 4,000 miles to get here.
天 这真可怕 Gosh! That's formidable.
但是伤害的速度有多快呢 But how quickly is it being damaged?
在海上待了几个月之后 After spending months feeding at sea,
它们得上岸繁殖了 they've had to come to land in order to breed.
为了找到答案 To find out,
我出发去见奥韦·赫格博格教授 I'm heading to meet Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
一旦结成夫妻 它们就是忠诚的夫妻 Once paired, they're devoted couples
雄鸟和雌鸟共同承担作为父母的责任 and both male and female share the tasks of parenthood.
我们的故事讲的就是海平面上升 So our story is about the sea rising.
他正在研究气候变化对珊瑚礁的影响 He's studying the effects of climate change on coral.
远处那边曾经是悬崖 And there used to be a cliff further out.
悬崖之外才是大海原本的位置 And past the cliff is where the ocean used to be.
蜥蜴岛
尽管这里有树木 Even though there are trees here,
奥韦居住在苍鹭岛上 Ove is based on Heron Island,
真是太不可思议了 Now, that's really remarkable.
曳尾鹱还是喜欢在地下筑巢 the shearwaters prefer to make their nests underground.
靠近大堡礁的最南端 near the southern end of the Great Barrier.
因为西方科学才刚刚开始有发现 Because Western science is just beginning to make discoveries
苍鹭岛
苍鹭岛是一座海拔低的沙岛 Heron is a low, sandy island,
它距离陆地大约80千米 50 miles out from the mainland,
表明大约在一万年到两万年前 that seem to suggest that the sea,
就在珊瑚礁上 right on the reef itself...
在巢的底部 它们三周大的雏鸟 At the bottom of the nest hole, their three-week-old chick
这片海应该在更远的地方 10,000, 20,000 years ago, was way, way out there,
正在等待下一顿食物 is waiting for its next meal.
因此它的科学考察站位置极佳 So its research station is very well-placed.
而这恰好和你们讲的故事吻合 which is exactly what your story says.
-真有意思 -没错 - Extraordinary. - Yes.
远古故事通过部落的记忆口耳相传 A folk memory of an event that happened all that time ago.
奥韦在这里开展了一项实验 Here, Ove is carrying out an experiment
来观察大堡礁如何应对气候问题 to see how the reef is going to cope.
是的 保存这段记忆的唯一方法就是 Yeah. And the only way we can keep it alive is through
为鹱父母是一项很辛苦的工作 Being a shearwater parent is a demanding job.
在科学考察站 At the research station here,
我们做的实验 the experiment we're running
通过我们的歌曲和舞蹈 our song and our dance.
事实上是加速了的气候变化 is really climate change sped up.
一直在我们的文化中流传 Just to keep that going through our culture.
雏鸟需要不断进食 Their young requires constant feeding.
因为其实人们也不是非常清楚 Because it's often hard for people to really get their heads around
传统才能一直延续 So the tradition lives.
它们吃的食物之多 It consumes so much food
接下来几十年全球气候会如何变化 when you talk about global change over decades
-是的 -这真是太棒了 - Yes. - It's wonderful.
以至于最终它们会长得比父母还重 that eventually, it'll outweigh its own parents.
以及这对珊瑚礁的影响 and what might happen to coral reefs.
我们在实验中 We have, essentially, in these experiments, sped things up
真是让人难以置信 It is truly astounding to think that
但它们对食物的渴望迫使父母 But its demands compel the adults to continually fly out to sea
本质上是把过程加速 so that you can literally, over a year,
这个故事在经过那么久的时间 this story has survived for so many years
这样就能在一年中 see the impacts of what might be occurring
那么多代人还能够流传下来 and across so many generations.
不停地飞往海上捕鱼 带回更多食物 and come back again with more food.
看见未来一百年可能发生的变化 over the next hundred.
它们的起飞就和着陆一样笨拙 And their takeoffs are often just as clumsy as their landings.
而且与科学家们如今 And that it coincides with what scientists
每一个这样的水缸都装着一块缩小的珊瑚礁 Each of these tanks contains a miniature coral reef
对大堡礁形成年代的判断不谋而合 are now discovering about the age of the Great Barrier.
里面的珊瑚种类都是一样的 with the same species of coral.
但每个水缸都设置了 But each is being subjected to slightly different conditions
建造大堡礁的珊瑚虫们初抵时都还是虫卵 The polyps that built the reef arrived as spawn,
稍有不同的温度和酸度 of temperature and acidity -
这两个因素 the two factors that are
它们是被洋流卷到这里来的 swept here by the ocean currents.
是最容易随着气候变化而改变的 most likely to alter with climate change.
珊瑚虫并不是地球上的新物种 Corals are not new to the planet.
它们至少已有五亿年的历史 They've been around for at least 500 million years.
通过这些水缸 科学家证明了 Using these tanks, scientists have shown that
较高的酸度会阻止硬珊瑚 increasing acidity restricts hard corals
建造石灰石骨架 from building their limestone skeletons.
新出现的珊瑚礁为成千上万的动物提供了家园 The new reefs provided homes for thousands of animals,
温度的升高 And a rise in temperature -
对于雏鸟来说 幸运的是 Fortunately for their nestlings,
哪怕只是比正常温度高一摄氏度 a single degree centigrade warmer than normal -
很快一个全新的珊瑚群落开始建立 and very quickly, a whole new community began to establish itself.
夏季的几个月里不缺鱼 there's no shortage of fish in the summer months.
都会引起珊瑚进入应激状态 can cause corals to become so stressed
它们会吐出体内光合作用的藻类 that they eject the photosynthesising algae
科学家最近才发现其中的原因 And scientists have only just discovered why that is.
如今 大堡礁已是地球上物种最多样的群落之一 Today, the Great Barrier Reef has one of the most diverse communities of animals on the planet.
而这些藻类是它们生长和呈现颜色的关键 that enable them to grow and give some colour.
于是它们白化了 变得非常苍白 So they bleach, turning ghostly white.
苍鹭岛附近的水域中 In the waters just beyond Heron Island,
而我下一步想要了解的 And it's the story of these remarkable reef residents
有一个富有营养的旋转水流 there's a rich, swirling current
名叫南回归线涡流 known as the Capricorn Eddy.
正是这些不可思议的珊瑚礁居民们 that I want to investigate next.
为此 艾露西亚号 To do that, the Alucia
将带我北上来到一个非常特别的地方 is taking me north to a very special place.
它顺时针旋转 将深处的冷水往上吸 As it spins clockwise, it pulls up cool waters from below,
如果回溯历史 If you go back in time,
你就会发现 you can see the big swings
冰川期和温暖期之间珊瑚礁的周期变化 between ice ages and the warm periods
蜥蜴岛 Lizard Island.
也将海底的营养带上海面 which bring rich nutrients to the surface.
大堡礁会逐渐消失又重新生长 where the Great Barrier Reef disappears and regrows
它供养了大量微小的浮游生物的生长 That fuels the growth of huge blooms of tiny marine creatures, plankton,
这已经发生了无数次了 and that's happened numerous times.
蜥蜴岛
变化一直存在 So, we've always had changes,
它是零星分布在大堡礁的 It's one of the 600 continental islands
但在那些情况下 这种变化花了一万年 but we're talking about changes over 10,000 years, in those cases.
它们正是是海洋食物链的基础 the foundation of the entire marine food web.
六百个大陆岛中的一个 scattered across the Great Barrier Reef.
但现在我们在几十年间就经历了同等的变化 But we're now seeing is the equivalent in a few decades.
因此大堡礁的这片水域中 鱼类特别丰富 So this part of the reef is particularly rich with fish.
这当然超过了生命的适应能力 And that, of course, is stretching life's capacity to keep up.
它浅浅的泻湖更是 And its shallow lagoon is known
而它们是饥肠辘辘的幼鸟的重要食物 Vital food for the hungry young.
以其举世罕见的生物多样性而闻名 for its exceptional biodiversity.
鸟儿们选择了苍鹭岛作为筑巢地点 By choosing Heron Island as a nesting ground,
艾露西亚号停泊在深水区 With the Alucia anchored in deeper water,
微生物和生态系统都落后于世界的变化 Organisms, ecosystems are falling behind as the world changes,
可以给它们的后代最好的起点 the birds can give their nestlings the best possible start in life.
我们将乘坐更小巧的交通工具 a more modest mode of transport
前往海岸边 will be needed to reach the shore.
这个变化比悠远的历史中发生过的都要快 faster than it has in this enormous amount of time.
我第一次来到蜥蜴岛是1957年 I first visited Lizard Island in 1957.
我第一次来大堡礁时 When I first came to the Barrier Reef,
人们对这些季节性的访客知之甚少 we knew very little about these seasonal visitors.
在这里 我们证明了 It's been shown here
温度仅仅上升两摄氏度 that a rise of just two degrees centigrade
那时候的这里还杳无人烟 Then, it was completely uninhabited.
我们只能猜测它们为什么会来这里 We could only speculate as to why they came here
就能使健康的珊瑚礁死亡 will turn a healthy reef into a decimated one.
以及它们从哪儿来 and where they came from.
那时的我也完全想不到这个人迹罕至的孤岛 Little did I know how important this remote outpost would become
如果我们继续保持现在的行事方法 And such a rise will almost certainly happen in these seas
对我们的珊瑚礁研究多么有帮助 in helping us to understand the coral reefs.
现在 新的研究让我们更加清楚地理解 Today, new research is enabling us to understand more clearly
这些海域中的水温必定会升高 if we continue to do what we are doing.
为什么每年会有特定生物会选择特定地点繁殖 why, every year, particular species come to specific locations to breed.
但今天 But today,
这却正是这个了不起的地方举世闻名的原因 that's exactly what this remarkable place is world-renowned for.
但某些大型动物 But there are still large animals
过去的几十年这里有一个科研工作站 Here, for the past few decades, there has been a research station
它们的行为仍然是一个迷 whose movements remain something of a mystery.
奥韦的实验说明 As Ove's tests suggest,
科学家们可以在这里 where scientists can study continuously
这一人类造成的问题已经严重到 this man-made problem has reached the point
蝠鲼是大堡礁的游牧民 Manta rays are the nomads of the reef.
需要人为解决的程度 where it needs a man-made solution.
对构成珊瑚礁的复杂动物群落 and in detail the full complexity of the community of animals
它们体型巨大 They're huge creatures.
身宽可达15英尺 也就是5米 They can measure 15 feet, five metres across
进行持续而详细的研究 that makes up the reef.
我回到澳大利亚大陆 I'm returning to mainland Australia
体重高达1.5吨 and weigh almost one-and-a-half tonnes.
来见正在试图以一种全新方式 to meet the scientists who are approaching this problem
它们来到大堡礁 捕食浮游动物 They come to the reef to feed on plankton,
每年在蜥蜴岛都有 Every year, Lizard Island hosts
苍鹭岛
解决这一问题的科学家 in a radically new way.
一百个不同的研究项目在同时进行 100 different research projects.
它们也把这里当作庇护所 but they also use it as a sanctuary,
澳大利亚海洋科学研究所 The Australian Institute of Marine Science, AIMS,
可以在这里繁殖 或者好好地做一次清洁 where they can breed, or get a good clean.
澳大利亚 海洋科学研究所
在这里 科学家们正逐渐揭开 Here, scientists are shedding new light
珊瑚礁居民们的生活状态 on the lives of the reefs' residents
坐落在昆士兰东北部海岸上 is based in northeast Queensland, right on the coast.
埃利奥特夫人岛
以及这个复杂群落的运转机制 and the way in which this complex community works.
它们很多来到位于大堡礁最南端的 Many make their way to the waters
埃利奥特夫人岛周围水域 that surround Lady Elliot Island on the southern end of the Great Barrier.
埃利奥特夫人岛
在这里 前沿研究正在拓展珊瑚科学的领域 Here, pioneering research is pushing the boundaries of coral science.
多亏了他们的研究 Thanks to their research,
我们现在知道了珊瑚礁 we now know that coral reefs rival rainforests
就其物种之丰富可以匹敌雨林 in the vast numbers of species they support.
对于来访的蝠鲼来说 这里就是天堂 For the visiting manta rays, this is a paradise.
每天有超过三百万升过滤后的海水 Over three million litres of filtered seawater
是一个这些海洋巨兽享受服务的地方 A place where these ocean giants can get a little pampering.
但首先 这种丰富的多样性是怎么来的呢 The first question is, where does all that diversity come from?
被泵进这些水缸里 are pumped through these tanks every day.
于是科学家就可以研究 So, it's possible for scientists to study
能够影响珊瑚健康的 the minute and often very complex changes
蜥蜴岛珊瑚礁的丰富多样 Lizard Island reefs owe their richness
这里是大堡礁的美容沙龙 These are the beauty salons of the reef.
都多亏了这种生长在海边的特殊植物 to the special plants that, in places, fringe the shores.
最细微而复杂的变化 that can affect coral's health.
一般是由一对隆头鱼夫妇经营的 And they're often run by a pair of wrasse,
这种小鱼身上有一条从头至尾的条纹 small fish with a stripe running from head to tail.
它们连接大海与陆地 They link land and sea
他们还在研究 So, here, they're also conducting research to see
对珊瑚礁的生物群落至关重要 and they're vital to the coral reef community.
是否可能研发出新技术 whether it might not be possible to devise techniques
它们就是红树林 They're mangroves.
使已经受到伤害的珊瑚礁恢复健康 of restoring damaged reefs back to health.
这些敬业的清洁鱼 These committed cleaners
定期地接待不同的客人 regularly tend to a host of different creatures.
成千上万条形态各异的幼鱼 Taking shelter amongst the roots
在这些水缸里 他们可以模拟出 In these tanks, they can simulate
把它的根系当做庇护所 are thousands of juvenile fish of all shapes and sizes.
与大堡礁完全一样的环境 the exact conditions of the reef.
它们提供一项重要的服务 They provide a vital service,
大部分小鱼看上去纯良无辜 Many of these little fish look harmless enough,
他们模拟得非常成功 They've been so successful that remarkably,
清除客人体外甚至体内的死皮和寄生虫 removing the dead skin and parasites from outside and even inside their clients' bodies.
以致于这些珊瑚的季节性生理变化 the corals respond to the same astronomic and seasonal rhythms
但等它们长大后 but when they grow up,
其中的一些将成为大堡礁中最凶猛的捕猎者 they will become some of the most ferocious predators on the reef.
都与海洋中的珊瑚一样 as those out in the ocean.
实际上 红树林的存在 Indeed, the existence of these mangrove nurseries
这看起来是一项没有回报的工作 It may seem like a thankless task,
是大堡礁中鱼类的多样性和数量 is one of the reasons why the fish populations of the reef
这有助于一项实验的实施 And that is proving useful for one particular experiment.
但清洁鱼可以借此饱餐一顿 but the cleaner fish are getting a good meal out of it.
傲视全球的原因之一 are among the most varied and richest in the world.
如果给予珊瑚足够的时间 Corals are usually able to adapt to changing circumstances,
在所有的顾客当中 And of all their clients,
它们就能够适应变换的环境 given enough time.
蝠鲼是它们的明星客户 the manta rays are their star customers.
红树林不仅是幼鱼的托儿所 也是游乐园 The mangroves are not only nurseries, they're playgrounds.
一部分是因为它们繁殖的方式 And that is partly due to the way they reproduce.
栖身于此的唯一目的就是安全渡过幼年期 The aim of the game here is to survive
生意繁忙时 它们耐心地排队等候 When business is brisk, they patiently wait in line.
对任何动物来说这都是最脆弱的时期 the most vulnerable stage of any animal's life, being a juvenile.
在十月份的第一次满月之后 After the first full moon in October,
一场大型的珊瑚繁殖盛宴开始了 the great synchronised coral spawning event begins.
就像等待降落的飞机一样 Like planes in a holding pattern,
小海龟 Baby turtles...
它们一直盘旋直到机会到来 they circle until an opportunity arrives.
小魟鱼 甚至小鲨鱼都把这里当做庇护所 rays and even sharks take refuge here.
这些小黑鳍鲨只有几周大 These juvenile blacktips are just a few weeks old.
等轮到它时 When it's their turn,
它们的体型只有成年鲨的六分之一大 And only one sixth of the size they will be
蝠鲼就会完全放松自己 the manta rays surrender themselves completely.
到那时它们才会离开此地去珊瑚礁 when they make it out on to the reef as adults.
这是一年一度的重生大典 It's a wonderful, annual rejuvenation.
仅仅几秒 一群鱼就冲到它身边 Within seconds, a host of fish rush to their side.
在它们生命的第一年里 For the first year of their lives,
红树林对于它们的安全来说至关重要 the mangroves play a vital role in keeping them safe.
蝠鲼很少会被晾着等很久 Manta rays are rarely left waiting for long.
小鲨鱼很容易成为大型鲨鱼的猎物 As infants, they're vulnerable to predation from larger sharks.
上百种珊瑚把精子和卵子释放到海洋中 Hundreds of species release sperm and eggs into the ocean.
但错综复杂的红树林根系能防止捕猎者入侵 But the tangle of mangrove roots keeps the big predators out
每条鱼清理蝠鲼的特定部位 Each fish tends to a very specific part of the manta's body.
正如植物的花粉被风吹往远处一样 Just as pollen from plants is blown far and wide by the wind,
并阻止它们捕食幼鱼 and stops them making meals of the youngsters.
珊瑚卵也会被海洋的洋流带走 so coral spawn is swept away by the ocean currents.
清洁工作可以持续整整一小时 And the cleaning can last a full hour.
当幼鱼成熟时 When the young are ready,
而同时 在同一月光下 And at the same time, under the same moonlight,
它们最终会离开这片庇护所 they will eventually leave this sheltered world behind
通常 它们的服务是一流的 For the most part, the service is second to none.
珊瑚将在这些实验箱中产卵 the corals will spawn here in the laboratory tanks.
离开红树林 向大堡礁游去 and make their way to the reef beyond the mangrove roots.
有时 清洁工也会有点分心 But occasionally, the cleaners can get a little carried away.
为了不打扰这一过程 科学家们用红灯观察 Using red light, so as not to disturb the process,
它们的下一个挑战是 The next challenge will be
等待着释放的那一刻 scientists wait for the moment of release.
一只雌隆头鱼咬了一小口蝠鲼的肉 A female wrasse has taken a nibble out of the manta ray's flesh.
在地球上最拥挤的生态系统中寻找容身之地 to find their place in one of the most crowded ecosystems on the planet.
她坏了规矩 就要付出代价 She's broken the rules, and there's a price pay.
她的伴侣追逐着她 Her partner chases after her.
这对清洁工鱼来说代表这严厉的斥责 It's the cleaner fish equivalent of a stern telling off.
在这里寻找居所并不简单 Getting on the property ladder here is no easy feat.
当这一刻终于到来时 And when it finally happens,
科学家认为雄鱼这么做是为了保护未来的生意 Scientists believe males do this to protect future business.
他们快速地收集精子和卵子 they move fast to collect the sperm and the eggs.
这也是为什么大堡礁最著名的生物们 Which is why one of the reefs' most celebrated characters
在此形成了一种特殊的关系 has developed a very special relationship.
如果下不为例 蝠鲼会回来 If the bite is a one-off, the manta ray will return.
这是他们唯一的机会 It's their one chance to get all the samples
研究发现如果客人经常被咬伤 But research has shown that if it happens too often,
小丑鱼解决过度拥挤问题的方法是 Clownfish deal with the problem of overcrowding
来收集一整年研究所需的样本 they need for a year's worth of research.
这对夫妻就会丢失回头客 the pair risks driving regular visitors away.
和另一种生物共享空间 by sharing space with another creature,
但是他们到底要用这些样本来做什么呢 But what exactly are they planning to do with them?
就是这巨型海葵 gigantic anemones.
幸运的是 她的毛手毛脚 Fortunately, it seems her indiscretion
玛德琳·凡奥彭博士一直在进行选择育种 Here, Dr. Madeleine Van Oppen has been selectively breeding them,
并没有吓跑客人 hasn't put their client off.
它们之间形成一种互利共生的关系 They've formed a relationship in which both parties benefit.
蝠鲼回来了 生意回归正轨 The manta is back and business has resumed.
她所用的技术 using much the same techniques
与我们在陆地上 that we've used to produce crops on land
海葵的触角上有刺细胞 Anemones have tentacles that are packed with stinging cells.
培育抗旱抗病庄稼的技术差不多 that are resistant to drought and disease.
如此多的蝠鲼聚集于此 Manta rays come here in such numbers
大部分鱼接触海葵后会被严重刺伤 Most fish touching one get a very nasty sting,
这是人类第一次把选择育种的技术 It's the first time that selective breeding
使这座岛成为一个研究项目的焦点 that the island has become the focal point for a research project.
运用到海洋保育上 has been used in marine conservation.
但小丑鱼不会 but not the clownfish,
因为它体表的黏液可以保护它 thanks to the protective layer of mucus that covers its body.
它们成堆释放精子和卵子 They release their sperm and eggs in bundles
凯西·汤森博士在过去的七年里 Dr Kathy Townsend has been tracking the manta's movements
这一堆堆精子卵子都漂到水箱的水面上来 and those bundles float to the surface of the tank.
小丑鱼通过清理海葵上的有害寄生虫 The clownfish keeps the anemone in good health
然后我们不断搅动以便从精子中分离出卵子 We then agitate that to separate the eggs from the sperm.
追踪蝠鲼的迁徙和数量 and numbers for the last seven years.
使海葵保持健康状态 by removing unwanted parasites.
作为回报 海葵给小丑鱼提供安全居所 And in return, the anemone offers security.
我们基本上就是用这些样本 And we use that to set up
来进行试管受精实验 our specific in vitro processes, basically.
海葵的刺细胞将 Its stinging cells ward off the sort of creatures
小丑鱼的天敌避之门外 which would otherwise threaten the clownfish.
埃利奥特夫人岛对于澳洲东海岸的蝠鲼而言 Lady Elliot Island is like the centre of the universe
在海洋里 不同品种的珊瑚 In the ocean, there is the potential
就像宇宙的中心 for manta rays on the east coast of Australia.
可能会互相交配繁衍 for different species of coral to breed with each other.
当到了小丑鱼的繁殖期时 When the time comes for a pair to breed,
我们一次又一次地回来 We come back time and time again
因为这里有很大的蝠鲼种群 because we get large aggregations of these animals.
这种保护变得更为重要 that protection will be vital.
所以 科学家们想知道 So, here, scientists wonder
他们是否能够培育出一种新型珊瑚 if you might be able to produce a new kind of coral
我们正在针对蝠鲼进行几项研究 We are doing several things with the manta rays.
更能适应大堡礁变化的水底环境 that proves more successful in the changing waters of the reef.
首先我们试图了解 First of all, we're trying to understand
一只雌性小丑鱼 A female may lay up to 1,000 eggs
这里可能有多少条蝠鲼 how many there are potentially here.
能在海葵下方的岩石上产下1000个卵 on the rock beneath her anemone home.
为此我们必须给它们打上标记 And to do that, you need to do some sort of tagging.
珊瑚现在面临的问题是 The problem that corals are facing now is that
环境变化极其迅速 the change of the environment is extremely fast
凯西在追踪这些温柔的海洋巨兽时 This is a key part of Kathy's work
空前地迅速 much faster than ever recorded
就在她小心地产卵时 As she delicately attaches them,
这是她工作中的主要部分 in tracking these gentle ocean giants.
所以我们要在实验室里帮帮它们 so we need to help them a little bit in the lab.
雄性小丑鱼紧随其后 the male follows closely behind,
团队已经为很多需要研究的动物 And the team has already attached acoustic tags
我们要加快它们自然进化的进程 We need to speed up those natural processes of evolution.
给卵子受精 fertilising the eggs as he goes.
打上了声波标签 to a large number of study animals.
我们在埃利奥特夫人岛周围 We have six acoustic listening stations
凡奥彭的目标是 Van Oppen's aim is to use selective breeding
小鱼孵化需要一周的时间 A week will pass before the young are ready to emerge.
有6个声波监测站 around Lady Elliot Island.
用选择育种培育出一种珊瑚 to produce strains of coral
当动物进入监测站500米半径范围内 And as an animal goes past, within a 500-metre radius of this listening station,
可对抗最糟糕的气候变化 that are able to withstand the worst effects of climate change...
孵化只发生在晚上 Hatching only happens at night,
信号会被捕捉到 我们就知道有动物经过 it picks up the tag and we know that that animal's been past.
因此为了拍摄 我们得使用红外摄影仪 so to record it, we have to use infrared cameras
然后通过它们 ..And to use them to bring life back
令受影响最严重的珊瑚礁恢复生机 to worst-affected part of the reef.
在特殊的环境下记录整个过程 in a specialised filming environment.
这揭示了很多蝠鲼沿澳大利亚东海岸 That has revealed that many of the mantas have travelled
可能五年后 Maybe in five years or so,
这是这种行为第一次被拍摄到 This is the very first time that this behaviour has been filmed.
一路向北数百公里到达这里 hundreds of miles up the eastern coast of Australia to get here.
我们就能把这些珊瑚 we will be allowed to place those corals
植入到真正的珊瑚礁中 被破坏的珊瑚礁中 onto a real reef, a disturbed reef -
在它们父亲温柔的鼓励下 With gentle encouragement from their father,
并进行试验 然后这些选择育种的珊瑚 and test that and use these selectively-bred corals
研究蝠鲼时 它们最可爱的地方之一 One of the lovely things about working with manta rays
幼鱼们努力挣脱鱼卵 the young are helped on their way.
就能更快地修复好那片珊瑚礁 will be able to restore that reef faster.
是它们的强烈好奇心 is that they're extremely curious
它们特意来找你 观察你要做什么 and they'll seek you out to come and see what you're up to.
你要知道 这是我们最坏的打算 And you have to realise, this is really a last resort option.
如果珊瑚礁有能力自我修复 We wouldn't want to do that
我们就不会这么做 if the reef is able to restore itself.
这些幼鱼孵化后 就完全要靠自己了 Once the little larvae are set free, they're on their own.
它们生命的前几周 They'll spend the first few weeks of their life
但是珊瑚礁真的能够 But is there a chance that the reef,
要在宽广的海洋中成长 developing in the open ocean.
在被我们人类破坏之后 damaged by our activities,
这真是不寻常的行为 It's really unusual behaviour.
无需我们帮助便自我修复吗 could restore itself without our help?
大部分的鲨鱼和魟鱼 Most sharks and rays have no interest
但年幼的小丑鱼在海中漂流数公里后 But how will the young clownfish find their way back to the coral reefs
没兴趣和任何人类互动 in having any interaction with people whatsoever.
我们认为在大堡礁最遥远神秘的境域 Well, we now think that there may be clues
但不管因为什么原因 But for whatever reason,
要怎样返回珊瑚礁呢 after drifting many miles out to sea?
可能藏有回答这个问题的线索 in the reef's most distant and mysterious regions.
蝠鲼是极具好奇心的生物 manta rays are highly-curious creatures
它真的会和你四目相对 and will basically look at you eye to eye.
蝠鲼好奇的天性对凯西很有利 The manta ray's inquisitive nature works to Kathy's advantage.
为了理解这点 我们需要动用另一种感官 To understand that, we will have to tune into a sense
大堡礁中仍有一些地方 There are still parts of the Great Barrier Reef
这意味着她可以靠的足够近 It means she can get close enough
通常不会将这种感官与多彩的水下世界相关联 we don't normally associate with this colourful underwater world.
几乎从未被探索过 that are virtually unexplored.
去拍照辨认它们 to photograph them for identification.
不过今天 我们有了这么一台神奇的潜水艇 But today, we have got remarkable new underwater vessels, like this submersible,
拍照最好的地点之一 And one of the best places to do that
就是在清洁站 is at the cleaning stations.
声音 Sound.
它可以带领我们 that can take us to places
去人类在无保护情况下无法到达的地方 where no unprotected human being could possibly go.
意想不到的是 珊瑚礁是个喧闹的地方 Coral reefs are surprisingly noisy places.
没有人知道在那下面会发现什么 What they will find down there, nobody knows.
鱼类和无脊椎动物能发出一系列的 Fish and invertebrates produce a whole range of
但是我很幸运能够成为 But I'm lucky enough to be one of those
下潜去探索的人员之一 who's about to go down to find out.
敲击声 咕噜声 和拍打声 clicks and grunts and snaps.
我们需要到蝠鲼的下方去 We need to get in underneath the animal
从下方给它们拍照 and take a photograph from below.
珊瑚礁越健康 The healthier the reef,
栖息在这里的物种越丰富多样 the more varied and numerous its inhabitants
在珊瑚礁的外围 At the outer edge of the reef,
每一条蝠鲼都有非常独特的斑点图案 Each individual has a very unique spot pattern
大陆架下冲两千多米直达海床 the continental shelf plunges down over 2,000 metres to the seafloor.
这里也就越喧闹 and the louder this chorus is.
这伴随它们从出生到死亡 that stays with them from birth until they pass away.
这对我们而言很方便 That's very handy for us.
我们现在知道 鱼像鸟一样 We now know that fish, just like birds,
在黎明和黄昏时分鸣叫 vocalise most at dawn and dusk.
艾露西亚号把我们带到了这个悬崖的边缘 The Alucia has brought us over the edge of the drop-off,
七年前蝠鲼项目开始的时候 When Project Manta began seven years ago,
在珊瑚海离岸140千米的地方 90 miles out into the Coral Sea...
雀鲷用叫声保卫领地 Damselfish call to defend their territory.
人们认为到埃利奥特夫人岛来的蝠鲼 it was thought that fewer than 40 individuals
鱼鹰礁
只有不到40条 came to Lady Elliot.
鱼鹰礁 ..out to Osprey Reef.
时至今日 Today,
凯西和她的团队已记录到了800多头 Kathy and her team have catalogued more than 800.
海马用敲击声吸引异性 Seahorses click to attract a mate.
在鱼鹰礁 海床深度的急剧变化 Here at Osprey, this sheer vertical drop of the seafloor
我认为对蝠鲼的研究相当重要 I think manta ray research is quite important
让我们能够观察不同深度的珊瑚 enables us to see corals at a variety of depths.
其他鱼类通过履行日常工作 Others create a very different soundscape
首先因为这是一种 because first of all, this is a very large-bodied animal
水下100到150米之间 Between 100 and 150 metres down,
发出与众不同的声音 simply by carrying out their daily duties.
我们知之甚少的大型动物 that very little information is known about.
阳光非常微弱 daylight is reduced to a glimmer.
世界上很多地方 Various places around the world,
这便是中光区 This is the mesophotic zone.
蝠鲼的种群数量已经急剧减少 the manta ray populations have declined dramatically,
鹦鹉鱼经常咬坚硬的珊瑚 Parrotfish crunching through the hard coral
虽然上方的珊瑚礁受到了破坏 Here, a mysterious community of corals is thriving,
以至在濒危物种名单中 to the point where they've now been listed as threatened
发出嘎吱的声音 are a constant on the reef.
但一种神秘的珊瑚种群在这里蓬勃生长 despite the damage being done to the reef above.
被列入受威胁物种 on that list for endangered species.
大堡礁是一个超越一切的奇迹 The Great Barrier Reef, it's a marvel beyond marvels.
鱼类通过两种不同的途径接收声音 Fish perceive sound in two different ways.
对于到访的蝠鲼来说 For the visiting mantas,
上百万种物种共生在这片区域 It's a million species living in this symbiotic tangle,
大堡礁实为一个避难所 the Great Barrier Reef really is a sanctuary.
许多鱼有内耳 Many have internal ears,
但在水下它们还可以通过振动来感知声音 but underwater, they can also feel sound as a vibration.
在这里这种海洋巨兽得到妥善的保护 Here, this ocean giant is properly protected.
而其中的一半我们仍然未知 half of which we don't know.
到达中光区时你会发现 I mean, when you get to mesophotic depths,
我们对那里的物种知之甚少 we know very few of the species down there.
在这片海域中 While they're in these waters,
噪声很重要 The noise is a key indication
它们远离了其他地方威胁着它们的捕鱼业 they're safe from the fisheries that threaten them elsewhere.
这的确是生物学上最后的前沿阵地之一 It literally is one of the last frontiers of biology,
它表示群落的健康状况良好 that the community is in good shape.
要如何探索这个系统 to understand this system.
实际上 一个珊瑚礁越喧闹 In fact, the louder the noise on a reef,
对新成员就越有吸引力 the more inviting it is to newcomers,
蝠鲼不是唯一在这里寻找庇护的动物 Manta rays aren't the only animals that find refuge here.
科学家们开始思考 Scientists are now beginning to wonder
比如幼年的小丑鱼 newcomers like the young clownfish.
这些珊瑚是否有修复受损珊瑚礁的潜能 if these corals might have the potential to restore the damaged parts of the reef.
大堡礁用不同的方法保护着它的访客们 The Great Barrier protects its visitors in many different ways.
大概下降100米 '..Down about 100 metres...'
这只雄性小丑鱼只有一颗纽扣大小 This little male is no bigger than a button,
但现在正是它寻找栖息地的时候 but the time has come for him to find his place in the big city.
当你俯视这片礁石就更显而易见了 That becomes clear when you look at the reef from above.
我们最先进的潜水艇 Our state-of-the-art submersible
即将带我去探索这些深海珊瑚 is going to take me to see these deep corals for myself
澳洲处在热带的这部分 This part of tropical Australia
甚至带回样本 and even bring back a sample.
在这个阶段 At this stage,
就在季节性飓风的路径上 lies right in the path of regular seasonal cyclones.
虽然它的游泳技能还有待提高 his swimming abilities leave something to be desired,
从这里你能看出大堡礁提供了 And from up here, you can see what valuable protection
娜迪尔已就位 Nadir in position.
多么有用的保护 the reef can provide.
可以排气了吗 Are we clear to vent?
但它的听觉十分敏锐 but his hearing is so sensitive.
你们可以排气了 可以排气了 You are clear to vent, clear to vent.
这些犬牙交错的石灰岩壁 This tangle of limestone walls
它可以分辨出几百米外的珊瑚礁 He can tell over hundreds of metres
是否适合居住 if a reef is suitable.
收到 开始排气 Roger. Venting now.
是面对大海的一道屏障 acts as a barrier against the open ocean.
从这里到陆地之间的水域既浅又温暖 Between it and the land, the waters are warm and shallow.
它的旅途可以持续好几天 His journey can last days.
为了躲避猎食者 The final approach is usually made at night
是房客们的理想避风港 An ideal haven for visitors.
最终的入住通常在夜间进行 to avoid predators.
鱼类如何听到健康珊瑚礁发出的声音并进行反馈 How fish hear and respond to sound of a healthy coral reef
冬季有许多生物来这 In the winter, many creatures come up here to escape
我们正在潜入朦胧地带 We are descending into the twilight zone.
躲避南极洲冰冷的气候 the freezing temperatures of the Antarctic.
这是蜥蜴岛上的一项主要研究 is a major area of study here on Lizard Island.
科学家们有一种简单的方法 And the scientists have a simple way
来捕捉这些鱼类来进行研究 of collecting these fish for study.
在我们慢慢从珊瑚礁面下沉的过程中 As we drop down the face of the reef,
在蜥蜴岛 像这样的一个灯光捕鱼器 A light trap, like this one at Lizard Island,
座头鲸也是其中一员 Among them are humpback whales.
光线也慢慢变得昏暗 light begins to dim.
是评估珊瑚礁状况的一种方法 is one way of assessing the way that the reef is working.
如同飞蛾扑火 灯光也可以吸引幼鱼 Like moths to a flame, the young are attracted by the light.
在水下大概100米的地方 At about 100 metres,
我们进入了中光区 we enter the mesophotic zone.
通过对群落的新成员进行取样 By sampling the newest members of the community,
"中光"的意思就是"中度的光线" "Mesophotic" literally means "Middle light".
科学家测算出 scientists can figure out
幼鱼为了找到一个合适的家园会游多远 how far these juvenile fish are willing to travel for a good home.
这里的珊瑚开始变得与众不同 The corals here are beginning to look very different.
体重高达40吨的座头鲸 Weighing up to 40 tonnes,
是大堡礁最庞大的访客 they're the largest of the Great Barrier Reef's visitors
对于这条小丑鱼来说 In the case of the clownfish,
虽然这里明显缺少阳光 Despite the apparent lack of light down here,
它们不辞万里来到此处 and they have also travelled great distances to get here.
它在找到栖息处之前已经游了400公里 juveniles have been known to travel 250 miles before they find a reef.
但是光线仍然足以让一些珊瑚 there's still enough for some corals to photosynthesise,
像它们靠近水面的亲戚们一样进行光合作用 just like their relations closer to the surface.
为此它们长成了宽扁的盘状 And to do that, they've formed these flat, broad plates
幸运的是 大多数幼鱼 Fortunately, for the majority,
去收集微弱的光线 to collect what little light there is.
通常不需要游这么远 it's usually a much shorter journey.
每年座头鲸辛苦跨越9600公里 Each year, they make an exhausting 6,000-mile-round trip
往返南极洲和大堡礁 from the Antarctic and back again.
中光区珊瑚大多处于 Mesophotic corals lie mostly out of reach
虽然它们几乎不会回到 While they rarely return to the particular anemone
远离飓风和"白化"现象的地方 of cyclones and "bleaching".
孵化地旁的海葵上 beside which they hatched,
仍有60%的幼鱼在同一片珊瑚礁里安家 60% find a new home on the same reef.
令人惊奇的是 有两万头座头鲸会如此迁徙 Incredibly, 20,000 of them do it.
因此 科学家们面临的其中一个问题是 So, one of the big questions facing scientists is,
这些深层的珊瑚 could these deeper corals
真的可以自然修复上面的受损珊瑚礁吗 naturally repopulate the damaged reefs above?
在这片温暖安全的水域里 Here, in these warm and sheltered waters,
对于小丑鱼和海葵来说 For the clownfish and the anemone,
共生是在这个摩肩接踵的环境中生存下去的关键 cooperation is the key to success in this extremely crowded environment.
它们生养哺育新生的小座头鲸 they give birth and suckle their newborn calves.
但除此之外 我们依然不知道 But in fact, we still know very little about
我们已经下降到中光区之下 We've now passed beyond the mesophotic zone.
它们在这儿还会干些什么 what else they do once they get here.
然而其它居民则用完全不同的方法 Other residents, however, take a very different approach.
光线开始完全消失 The light begins to disappear completely
它们不但不与其它物种共享栖息地 Rather than share their home,
它们在大堡礁时到底去了什么地方呢 Where exactly do they go during their time on the reef?
而珊瑚又变得不一样了 and the reef changes again.
而且还誓死保卫自己的领地 they fiercely defend their territories.
正因为不知道 The fact that we don't know
这就是虾蛄 This is a mantis shrimp.
提醒着我们这片野生水域有多么广阔 is a reminder of just how vast this great wilderness is.
成功侦查对手 战斗就赢了一半 Spotting the competition is half the battle.
绝大部分阳光经过海水过滤后 Most of the light that filters down from above
但不是所有鲸都如此难追踪 But not all whales make the task of tracking them so hard.
至剩下光谱中的蓝光 comes from the blue end of the spectrum,
虾蛄有很多不同的种类 There are many different species of mantis shrimp
因此在我面前的岩石表面看起来很阴暗 so the rock surface ahead of me looks very dull.
但它们都有一个共同的特征 but they all have one thing in common,
事实上 有些鲸鱼恰恰相反 In fact, there's one species which does quite the opposite.
拥有绝佳的视力 superb vision.
虾蛄的视觉系统拥有四亿年的进化史 The 400 million-year-old visual system of the mantis shrimp
但是开灯之后它就会变得不一样 But turn on the lights and it looks very different.
难以置信的是 这种鲸鱼主动接触 Incredibly, this whale actively seeks out the scientists
是整个动物界里最复杂的 is the most complex in the entire animal kingdom.
想要研究它们的科学家 who are trying to study them.
它的双眼相互独立地立在头部 Its eyes are mounted on two stalks,
这使得两只眼睛拥有独立的视野 giving it independent vision,
我们人类的眼睛是双眼视觉 but whereas our eyes produce binocular vision,
而虾蛄的每一只眼都能产生三种不同的图像 each one of theirs produces three different images.
这种讨人喜欢的小东西就是侏儒小须鲸 This endearing little character is the dwarf minke whale.
不仅如此 我们的眼睛里只有三种光感受器 Not only that, whereas we have three photoreceptors in our eyes,
令人吃惊的是 它一直到1980年代 And surprisingly, it was only first observed
而虾蛄眼睛里有16种 the mantis shrimp has up to 16,
才第一次在大堡礁被观测到 here on the reef in the 1980s.
虽然它们身处偏远 Despite their remoteness,
这些建造大堡礁的珊瑚的远房亲戚们 these strange relatives of reef-building corals
它能看到我们人类看不到的光谱范围 giving it access to parts of the spectrum that we can't even see,
但从那时起 我们发现 But since then, we've realised
仍是大堡礁系统中的一部分 are still part of the great reef system.
它们是极其忠实的访客 that they're extremely faithful visitors,
更不用说想象了 let alone imagine.
为了了解它们之间的联系 To understand how they're connected,
每年都回到大堡礁北部的相同地点 returning every year to the same location on the northern reef.
我们要仔细研究一下 we need to study them closely.
它们可以利用强大的视力发动毁灭性的攻击 And they can use their amazing vision to devastating effect.
这看上去是个采集样本的好地方 So, this seems an excellent place to collect a sample.
有些虾蛄以矛武装自己 有些则用棍棒 While some are armed with spears, others carry clubs.
但是操纵我们八吨的潜水艇 But manoeuvring our eight-tonne submersible
我们还不知道它们为什么这么做 Why they do so, we still don't understand.
靠近岩石表面 close to the rock face
是一项精细的操作 is a delicate operation.
但研究正在揭开它们身后的故事 But research is beginning to reveal their story.
还有许多是拳击冠军 Many are champion boxers.
阿利斯泰尔·毕图斯博士 Dr Alistair Birtles knows more about
它们的出拳速度 They can deliver a punch
可以媲美0.22口径的子弹 that accelerates faster than a .22 calibre bullet.
比任何都更了解这一仍然神秘的物种 this still-mysterious species than anyone else.
所以他的外号叫须鲸教授 So he's affectionately known as Professor Minke.
这种重拳用来击晕猎物 These powerful blows are used to stun their prey
为了仔细观察这种鲸鱼 To observe the whales in detail,
他必须进入它们的世界 he has to step into their world.
太好了 Oh, that's great.
并保护它们的洞穴 and defend their burrows.
我第一次下水的时候 The very first time I got in the water, um...
虾蛄是大堡礁中 Mantis shrimps are one of the more
有一些顾虑 也非常兴奋 was with a degree of apprehension, great excitement.
最以屋为豪的居民之一 house-proud residents on the reef.
这很有可能是 The chances are that this could well be a species
事实上 它们有洁癖 In fact, they're compulsive cleaners.
从未有人见过的品种 that no-one has ever seen before.
我从没在水中和一头鲸鱼共处过 I don't think I'd ever been in the water with a whale before.
首先你看到的是白色的肩部 And the first thing you see is the white shoulder, um...
但是事情并不一帆风顺 But things don't go quite to plan.
接着身体其他的灰色部分渐渐浮现 and then the rest of the grey animal emerges around it.
它们总使自己的洞穴保持一尘不染 They keep their burrows meticulously neat.
-不 -我们得去捞回来 - Oh, no! - We're going to have to go and fetch that.
在水里 在这些动物自己的生活环境中 It's very special being in the water
如此费心尽力 With all that effort,
也难怪它们对自己的领地保护欲极强 it's hardly surprising that they're fiercely territorial.
与之共处感觉很特别 with these animals in their own environment.
这是种非凡的体验 It's an extraordinary experience.
实际上 虾蛄的这种行为 In fact, mantis shrimps have earned themselves
为自己赢得了火爆脾气的名声 a reputation for being somewhat ill-tempered.
阿利斯泰尔和他的研究团队 Every year, Alistair and his research team
在那里 There it is.
每年都要回到这里观察和侏儒小须鲸 return to spend time with the dwarf minkes.
但科学家们发现了 But scientists have discovered that
这些"猛男"的另一面 there's another side to these macho males.
每年的重逢开始揭露越来越多 These annual reunions are beginning to reveal more and more
这个年轻的虾蛄 This young hopeful
正在努力吸引异性的目光 is trying to catch the eye of a potential mate.
关于这种迷人生物的秘密 about these fascinating creatures.
它从秀自己水浆状的触角开始 He starts by showing off his paddle-like antennae.
它们一生中大部分时间 It seems that they spend most of their lives
棒极了 Oh, terrific!
似乎栖息在开放海域 out in the open ocean,
过着外人眼中的独居生活 leading what's thought to be a solitary existence.
虽然它的撩妹技能并不能打动我们 His technique may not be very impressive to us
成功 Success!
但实际上 它在向母虾蛄传递秘密信号 but he is, in fact, sending the female secret signals.
但意料之外的是 当它们来到大堡礁时 But surprisingly, when they get here, on the Great Reef,
它们积极地与人类接触 they actively seek human contact.
这是很有可能的 And that is possible
因为虾蛄能看到并反射出一种特殊的光 because mantis shrimps can see and reflect a kind of light
当我们下降超过200米的时候 As we descend past the 200 metre mark,
而这种光是世界上我们已知的任何生物 that absolutely no other creature in the world
这样的行为其他任何地方都没有发生过 Behaviour like this happens nowhere else.
珊瑚终于完全消失 the coral finally begins to disappear altogether.
包括人类自己 that we know of can see...
将它们吸引来的完全是好奇心 It is entirely the world's curiosity that brings them in.
都无法看到的光 including us.
我想我们对它们来说是很奇怪的东西 I think we're a rather strange object.
这只雄性虾蛄的表演 The male's display is a
其实是私下邀请这只雌性虾蛄一起跳舞 private invitation for this female to dance.
水面 水面 这里是娜迪尔 Surface, surface, Nadir.
我们是闯进它们世界的访客 We're a visitor into their world.
我现在的深度是300米 完毕 My depth now, 300 metres. Over.
我很确信它们想知道 I'm sure they're wondering exactly
我们到底是什么 what we are
在这样的深度之下 At this depth,
我们在做什么 and what we're doing,
潜水艇球体外面所承受的压强 the pressure bearing down on the submersible's sphere
就像我们想了解它们一样 just as we're wondering what they're doing.
目前为止 一切顺利 So far, so good.
是水面压强的30倍 is more than 30 times that at the surface.
她翩翩走进舞池 She makes her way to the dance floor.
对毕图斯而言 这里有好多熟面孔 For Birtles, there are many familiar faces here.
他给几位常客都取了昵称 And he has his own pet names for regular visitors.
高达3102千帕 That's an incredible 450 pounds per square inch.
本托 八年来我每年都见到它 Bento, I have seen every year for the last eight years.
如果雄性虾蛄的表现能够打动雌性虾蛄 If the male can impress the female with his performance,
这里是一块从上面飘下来的沉淀物 Here, there's a sediment that is drifting down from above,
她会选择他一起繁衍后代 she will choose him to father her offspring.
她的背鳍弯曲 She has a bent-over dorsal fin
覆盖在珊瑚礁的表面 cloaking the surface of the reef.
我认为可能是被鲨鱼严重咬伤造成的 from I think where she was fairly savagely mauled by a shark.
这意味着对于任何生物来说 That means it's very difficult for any organism
依附在这岩石上都是很困难的 to get a hold of the rock,
我们去年的相遇相当特别 And last year's encounter was a particularly special one
因为它不断被水流冲刷 because it's continually being swept down.
因为她带着一条幼鲸 because she had a calf with her.
沉淀物本身就是 The sediment itself is the result of
这只雄性虾蛄似乎走对了每一步 It seems that this male has all the right moves.
这是八年来第一次 That's the first time in eight years
遥远上方的珊瑚虫骨架中腐蚀剥落的 the erosion of the coral skeletons from high above,
我们知道她生了一头宝宝 that we've known she had a calf.
还有被鹦嘴鱼咀嚼和排泄的珊瑚残骸 but also from the remains of coral that parrot fish have munched and excreted
是一头雄性幼鲸 这是一次特别的互动 And it was a little male and it was a very special interaction.
然而 交配的最后一步通常发生在 The final phase of courtship, however, usually takes place
我们无法看到的虾蛄洞穴里 out of sight, within their burrows.
它们慢慢沉到这里 and it's slowly drifting down here.
这里非常深 So, this is so deep,
几乎一片荒芜 it's almost barren.
毕图斯和他的团队想要研究 What Birtles and his team want to discover
平日里独居的鲸鱼 is why this usually-solitary whale
虾蛄可以说是大堡礁中最绚丽的生物 The mantis shrimp is arguably one of the reefs most colourful characters
为什么一来到这儿就变得特别乐于交际 suddenly becomes so extremely social when it gets here.
它们代表了在此生存的关键 and typifies the key to survival here.
但仍有例外 But not quite.
他们找到了一些线索 There are a number of clues.
我们知道它们不是来觅食的 We know they're not feeding.
几乎在我们下潜的最深处 At almost the deepest point of our dive,
这里的每个居民 Each resident species
我们从没见过它们进食 We've never seen them feed.
都要赢得各自的位置 has had to carve out its own particular niche
但我们观察到许多交际行为的发生 But we see a lot of socialising going on.
有东西来拜访了我们 something pays us a visit.
这就是大堡礁具有格外多样性的原因 and that is what has created this extraordinary diversity.
小须鲸被称作安静的鲸鱼 Minkes were known as the silent whale
你右手边有一条鱼 大卫 There's a fish to your right, David.
当我们开始研究它们时 when we began working on them
没人录到过侏儒小须鲸的声音 and there were no recordings of dwarf minkes.
-在你肩膀边 -快看 - On your shoulder. - Look at this!
在这里 生命进化的速度 Here, life can evolve 50% faster
我们研究了很长的时间 才听到了它们的声音 It went on for quite a while before we heard any sounds.
比其他海洋环境快50% than in other marine environments.
这是一条深海石斑鱼 It's a deep-water grouper.
这些微小生物建造出了如此非凡的生态系统 The tiny creatures that have built this remarkable ecosystem
从未有人在这种深度如此近距离地见过它们 No-one has ever seen them up close like this, at this depth.
并创造了一个纷繁复杂的栖息地 have created a habitat so complex
接着它们发出了神奇的声音 And then there's an extraordinary sound they make
向所有的生物提供栖息之地 that it supports all kinds of life.
整理标记这个声音的研究员 which the researcher who labelled it
将其取名为星球大战之声 called it the Star Wars sound.
但如果缺少了一项真正伟大的生物活动 But none of the reef's residents would be here
它似乎对潜水艇及其中的人很感兴趣 It appears to find the sub and its occupants fascinating.
我觉得更像贝多芬的第五交响曲 I thought it was a little more like Beethoven's Fifth
大堡礁就不会有任何居住者 without one truly extraordinary event.
因为是三次短节拍接着一个长音 because it's got a triple beat and then a long shwang
这家伙很大呀 And he's big, this boy.
它每年只发生一次 It occurs just once a year
他可能有... He must be...
他觉得这像是光剑的声音 that he thought was the lightsaber.
是自然界伟大奇观之一 and is one of the greatest of all natural spectacles.
所以是哒哒哒 当 So it goes, da-da-da-dang.
四五英尺 也就是一米多长 four, five feet long - a couple of metres, almost.
直到上世纪八十年代 It wasn't until the 1980s
你好 Hello.
科学家们才在大堡礁发现这个奇观 that scientists discovered it, here on the Great Barrier.
天啊 Oh, gosh!
当你在水下听到时 When you hear it underwater,
这声音在你胸口回响 it kind of reverberates through your chest.
非常有震撼力 It's a very powerful sound.
在一年中的某几个夜晚 On a few nights of the year
他为何在这里出现 他在寻找什么 And why he is down here, what he's looking for
当一切时机成熟之时 when the conditions are just right,
在整个大堡礁上 all along the length of the reef,
谁知道呢 who knows?
不同种类的珊瑚虫们突然一夜爆发 corals of many different species suddenly erupt.
只有雄性会歌唱 The song is only produced by males
科学家认为歌唱与求爱有关 and it's thought to be related to courtship.
这就是壮观的珊瑚虫产卵 It's the great spawning event
他游上去了 He's going up.
也是自然界的奇迹之一 and it's one of the wonders of the natural world.
有趣的是 阿利斯泰尔遇到的鲸鱼中 Curiously, two thirds of the individuals
我们也是 So are we.
有三分之二的个体还是青少年 Alistair encounters are adolescents.
一年中只有这一次 It's the one time in the year
珊瑚虫们不仅通过分枝生长 when the corals themselves don't just grow by branching,
有一个推论说 One theory is that
也通过交配繁衍 but reproduce sexually,
鲸鱼来这里是为了寻找伴侣 the whales are coming here to find potential mates
而这对大堡礁的生存至关重要 and it's vital for the survival of the reef.
并学习小须鲸社交行为准则 and learn the dos and don'ts of minke social behaviour.
在我们上升的过程中 As we ascend,
近些年来 我们已经知道了很多 In recent years, we've learned a great deal
光线和色彩重回到我们身边的珊瑚礁上 light and colour returns to the reef around us.
有很多因素会影响产卵的时刻 about the many factors that influenced the moment of spawning.
尽管在过去的几十年中毕图斯的团队 Though Birtles' team has amassed
已经累积大量数据 a huge amount of data over the decades,
无疑还有许多需要研究 there is clearly still much to learn.
但尽管我们知道这发生 But even though we know it occurs within days
在十月或十一月的满月期间 of the full moon in October or November,
例如 社交集会后鲸鱼都去了哪里 Where, for example, do the whales go after this social gathering?
触发产卵的因素还是难以确定 the trigger that starts it all is still a mystery.
但现在有一个全新的标记项目 But now, a brand-new tagging programme
月光或许是最有影响力的因素 The light of the moon is, perhaps, the most influential,
能让我们进一步了解它们每年的旅程 is shedding more light on their annual journey.
但还有很多其他因素 but there are many other factors,
包括水的温度和潮汐的情况 including the temperature of the water and the state of the tides.
打标并不容易 Tagging is not easy.
当接近产卵时刻 And as the moment approaches,
珊瑚礁的四周 all along the length of the reef,
潜水员要潜入合适位置 The diver has to get into position,
都会慢慢热闹起来 there's a mounting sense of excitement.
选定目标然后射出标记 choose his mark and then discharge the tag,
全在一口气内完成 all on a single breath.
鱼和其他的捕食者汇聚到一起 Fish and other predators gather.
容不得犯错 There's no room for error.
这是一场难得的盛宴 This will be an opportunity for a feast.
我们的随船珊瑚科学家 贾斯丁·马歇尔教授 Our on-board reef scientist, Professor Justin Marshall,
正在现场取回我们在黑暗中采集的样本 is on hand to retrieve the sample we gathered in the darkness.
-你觉得怎么样 -太好了 - What do you reckon? - Well, it's fantastic.
这是在鱼鹰礁采过最深的样本之一 This is one of the deepest samples ever from Osprey Reef.
产卵时刻必须要很精确 The timing has to be exact.
好极了 能存活吗 还会活着吗 It's wonderful. Will it survive? Will it still live?
每一种类的珊瑚有各自的触发因素 Each species of coral has its own particular triggers,
能存活下来 我们会把样本 It will still live and we'll take samples back
但它们必须互相同步 but they must synchronise their behaviour
-带回昆士兰大学进行研究 -好的 - to the University of Queensland and work on it there. - Great.
来确保自己的成功 to ensure their success.
在最初的惊吓后 After initially taking fright,
在盛宴开始前的半小时 Just half an hour before the big event,
事实上 他们认为这株珊瑚 In fact, they think this coral
鲸鱼回到了潜水船附近 the whale comes back to the dive boat.
从未在这个地区被发现过 has never been reported in this part of the world before
最初的产卵现象开始出现 there is the first sign of the spawning to come.
似乎小须鲸不是很反感标记过程 It seems that minkes aren't too distressed by the process.
也许还是科学上的新发现 and may be new to science.
小束的精子和卵子从珊瑚虫中突出来 Small bundles of sperm and eggs bulge from the polyps.
要找到解决大堡礁所面临威胁的办法 We are a long way off from having a solution
这个团队正在收集的跟踪数据 The tracking data the team is now collecting
我们还有很长的路要走 to the threats which now face the Great Barrier Reef.
也许能补上至今依旧缺失的答案 may reveal the piece of the puzzle that, until now, has been missing.
当到达了合适时刻 会有大量精子卵子释放出来 When the moment is right, there is a mass release.
近20年我们一直在研究 So for 20 years, we've been studying what the whales do
但是在这些深海样本中 But in these deep water samples
在科学家们的实验水箱中 and in the scientists' experimental tanks,
鲸鱼来大堡礁的这片区域做什么 in this area of the Great Barrier Reef.
我们仍有一丝希望 there is a small glimmer of hope.
我们知道它们只停留几周 We know they're only here for a few weeks
但我们不知道它们在此逗留结束后 and we had no idea where they went when they left the Great Barrier Reef
不过时间并不留情 But time is not on our side.
离开大堡礁都去了哪里 at the end of their sojourn here.
我一路上所遇见的科学家们 ..An opinion shared by many of the scientists
我们现在知道 它们的旅程非常漫长 It really is an extraordinary journey that we now know that they make.
都有一个共识 I've met along the way.
2013年 史博特成为第一头 Spot, the young male that was the first ever minke
你担心大堡礁的未来吗 Are you fearful for the future of the reef?
拥有卫星定位标记的雄性小须鲸 to have a satellite tag attached in 2013,
变化终究会发生 There will be change, for sure.
我是说 在我们自己的一生里 I mean, we're seeing change
它旅行了7000多公里 he travelled over 7,000 kilometres
就能看到大堡礁在不断变化 within our own human lives' timescales now.
沿着海岸线几百公里的范围内 珊瑚虫都在爆发 For hundreds of miles all along the coast, the corals erupt.
深至亚南极区 deep into the Subantarctic.
那么你觉得一百年后 And what's your prediction about
大堡礁会是什么样子的呢 what it's going to look like in another hundred years?
对一头小型鲸鱼来说 That's an extraordinary journey for
海平面肯定会更高 The sea levels will be higher.
这是一趟非凡的旅程 what is a little whale, to make.
我们想知道 从科学家的角度出发 We want to know - as a scientist, we want to know
定位标记让我们知道 The tagging tells us
大堡礁会如何应对 how the Great Barrier Reef will respond.
哪些地方鲸鱼们会匆匆游过 where the whales are travelling fast
哪些地方又会多逗留些时间 and where they're spending extra time.
它是否能适应未来的气候变化 Whether it has the resilience to bounce back
它们在澳洲东海岸和巴斯海峡的几个地点 There's a few places along the east coast of Australia and Bass Strait
有能力复原还有待观察 with the future changes to the climate remains to be seen.
会逗留一两周 甚至三周时间 where they may spend one, two or even three weeks of time
它们盘旋逗留 可能是在觅食 milling around, probably feeding.
只有到天亮后你才能看到它真实规模 Only with daybreak can you see the true scale of the event.
在大堡礁 Here on the Great Barrier Reef,
我们可能发现了 So we may have discovered
从二十世纪八十年代早期开始有近半的珊瑚消失 we've lost about 50% of the coral since the early 1980s.
几处侏儒小须鲸迁移途中的觅食点 some of these feeding sites for the dwarf minke whale along their migration path.
珊瑚为上百万物种提供栖息地 Coral provides a habitat for over a million species.
珊瑚虫的卵犹如巨大的丝带般漂浮在海面 Great ribbons of coral spawn drift over the surface of the sea.
对毕图斯来说 For Birtles,
这并不只是为了解开鲸鱼去向之谜 it's not just about solving the mystery of where the whales go.
它是大海至关重要的一部分 This is such a fundamental part of our oceans
我很担心它们离开大堡礁之后会遇到什么 I am worried about them when they leave the reef.
而它将在我们的眼皮底下消失 and the fact that it's going to disappear on our watch,
这些侏儒小须鲸 The dwarf minkes are well protected
这简直难以置信 it's incredible.
在大堡礁被保护得很好 when they're in the Great Barrier Reef,
在珊瑚虫产卵之后 After the coral has spawned,
但它们一旦离开这里 but when they leave there,
无数生长中的幼虫被潮汐和海流 the billions of developing larvae are swept far and wide
它们会遇很多威胁和危险 they face many threats and dangers
冲刷到遥远的地方 by the tides and the currents.
它们必须穿过繁忙的航道 and they have to cross major shipping channels.
其中绝大部分会被鱼类和其它生物吃掉 The vast majority will be eaten by fish and other creatures,
还有各种各样来自捕鱼业的威胁 There are all sorts of threats from fishing.
但少数幸存者必须找到地方定居 but the few survivors must then find a place to settle,
如果南冰洋的商业捕鲸再度开放 I mean, if commercial whaling is resumed in the Southern Ocean,
当大堡礁开始严重退化时 When the Great Barrier Reef starts to go seriously backwards,
可能是在现有珊瑚礁中的空地中 either on a newly-vacated site on an existing reef
目前日本人正在进行的一项研究 which is the objective of the research that's going on
我们的下一代将会发问 the next generation is going to say,
也可能建造一个新珊瑚礁 or perhaps to found a new one.
"为什么你们不在还有机会的时候 "Why didn't you guys do something about it
就是为了开放捕鲸 at the moment from the Japanese,
做点什么呢" when you had a chance?"
那么这些鲸鱼们就危险了 then these whales would be at risk.
他们很可能会这么质问我们 And well may they ask that
因为是我们没有做到应该做的事情 because we're not doing what we should be doing
我们会为此付出代价的 and we're going to pay the price.
新的珊瑚虫会继续它们祖先 The newest coral recruits will continue the work
希望这项最新的标记项目能帮助我们了解 It's hoped the new tagging programme may help us understand
延续了一万年的事业 their ancestors began almost 10,000 years ago.
如何能有效地全年保护这些鲸鱼 how best to protect these whales throughout the entire year.
冒险进入鲸鱼们的水下世界 By venturing into their underwater world,
毕图斯和他的团队得以发现 Birtles and his team are discovering
更多关于它们的宝贵新知识 valuable new facts about these whales.
它们是整个珊瑚礁赖以生存的生命体 They are the essential organisms on which the whole reef depends.
但他们的研究还只是刚刚开始 But their research has only just begun.
大堡礁正处于极度危险之中 The Great Barrier Reef is in grave danger.
气候变化带来的双重危害 The twin perils brought by climate change
对来到大堡礁的这些生物了解愈多 The more we learn about the creatures that come here,
海水温度及酸度的上升 and increase in the temperature of the ocean and in its acidity
大堡礁之所以如此壮观 The Great Barrier is what it is
我们愈发意识到大堡礁 the more we discover just how important
是因为小小的珊瑚虫从未停下工作 because the tiny coral polyps never stop building.
威胁着它的生存 threaten its very existence.
对它们的生存有多重要 the Great Barrier Reef is to their survival.
如果海水温度及酸度持续按现在的速度上升 If they continue to rise at the present rate,
它们创造出了 And what they have created
大堡礁浩瀚无边 The reef is immense.
珊瑚礁将在几十年内彻底消失 the reefs will be gone within decades.
自然世界的一大奇观 is one of the wonders of the natural world.
数百万的访客跋涉千里来到这里 Millions of visitors travel great distances to get to it.
而那将是一场全球性的大灾难 And that would be a global catastrophe.
到这里觅食 安营扎寨 寻找伴侣 And there, find food, shelter and an opportunity to meet a mate.
全球所有鱼类物种中的四分之一 About one quarter of the species of fish in the world
下一集 我们会在大堡礁的各处 Next time, we'll cross the Great Barrier Reef
都要在珊瑚礁中生活一段时间 spend some part of their lives in the reefs.
一个全球性的动物群落都依赖着这片野生宝地 A global community of animals rely on this great wilderness.
与来此嬉戏的神奇生物相见 to meet its extraordinary visitors.
如果珊瑚礁不在了 这些鱼类也将消失 If the reefs go, the fish will also disappear.
它也因此成为地球上 And that makes it one of the most important
而这将影响全世界范围内 And that could affect the livelihood
最重要最具影响力的自然栖息地之一 and influential habitats on the planet.
人类社会的生存和饮食 and diet of human communities worldwide.
我将见到的海龟 I will meet turtles
可能已经又过了几千公里才到达这里 that may have travelled thousands of miles to get here
但我们应该保护这些珊瑚礁 But there's surely another reason
还有努力帮助动物们免于灾祸的伟大人类 and the remarkable people who are trying to save them from disaster.
下一集 也是本节目的最后一集 Next time, in our final programme...
并不只有这个原因 why we should protect the reefs.
它们是地球上最丰富多样 They are among this planet's richest,
我们将调查 We'll investigate the dangers
威胁大堡礁及其居民们生存的危险 that now threaten the reef and its inhabitants.
最美丽多彩的生态系统 most complex and most beautiful ecosystems.
我还会与珊瑚礁中最强大的猎食者四目相对 I will come face-to-face with the great predators of the reef.
那真是一条大鲨鱼 There's a huge shark.
我们将拜访一群了不起的人 We'll meet the extraordinary people
它们在水里真美 They are so beautiful in the water.
他们竭尽全力 who are doing everything in their power
来保护这片海洋天堂 to protect this marine paradise.
这是地球上最壮丽的生态系统之一 It is one of the most magnificent ecosystems on the planet.
我们还会见到主动和人类接触的鲸鱼 And we'll meet a whale that seeks out human contact,
但让人震惊的是我们可能还来不及真正了解它 What's really quite shocking is that we may lose it
这种行为在地球上的其他地方都看不到 a behaviour that happens nowhere else on Earth.
我们对我们赖以生存的地球 Do we really care so little about the Earth
就可能会彻底失去它了 before we truly understand it.
真的如此漠不关心吗 on which we live
有些生物从开阔的海洋游来 Some come from the open ocean,
我们将展开目前为止最具挑战的一次深潜 And we'll attempt our most ambitious dive yet.
以至于我们不愿意保护它最伟大的奇迹之一 that we don't wish to protect one of its greatest wonders
有些生物从近海岸的陆地来 others from the land immediately inshore
没有人曾在大堡礁潜到这么深过 Nobody has ever dived as deep as this before on the Great Barrier Reef.
免受我们自身活动的侵害吗 from the consequences of our behaviour?
还有些生物从天上飞来 and still others from the sky,
让这个本就复杂的群落变得更加多元 to complicate still further the intricate community
我们探索新物种 As we search for new species
这就是我们都知道的大堡礁 that is known as the Great Barrier Reef.
同时也试图预测 and try to predict
大堡礁的未来 what the future holds for the Great Barrier.
大堡礁日记
在本节目中 For this series,
摄制组决定用全新的方式 the production team were determined
这部节目中 For this series,
来展现大堡礁 to show the Barrier Reef in a new way,
摄制团队给自己设下了一个野心勃勃的挑战 the production team set themselves an ambitious challenge.
本集中 我们的一个水下摄制组 For this episode, one of our underwater teams
通过拍摄大堡礁最偏远的一些地方 by filming in some of its most remote areas...
来到了南部的埃利奥特夫人岛 travelled to Lady Elliot Island in the south.
他们想要我探索 They wanted me to experience
大堡礁从未被探索之处 the Great Barrier Reef as never before.
因此让我有幸遇见 ..And allowing me to meet
它的一些非常不寻常和令人惊讶的居民 some of its more unusual and surprising inhabitants.
生活在大堡礁的蝠鲼 Here, the reef's majestic manta rays
要实现这点 To achieve that,
依靠小小的清洁鱼清理死皮和寄生虫 are stripped of dead skin and parasites by tiny cleaner fish.
我们用了一艘十分特别的调查船 we teamed up with a very special research vessel...
于是我们来到了苍鹭岛的一处珊瑚礁顶部 'This took us out onto the top of Heron Island's reef,
艾露西亚号 The Alucia.
这里只在低潮时才会露出水面 'which is only exposed at low tide.
摄影队的目标是要拍摄一种不寻常的行为 The crew's goal was to film a rare behaviour.
世界上很少有能像这样的船 There aren't many boats like this in the world and
这对我们来说就像魔毯一样 it's a kind of magic carpet for us.
安东尼·格芬
系列片制片人
但我们必须非常小心地走 'But we had to tread carefully,
清洁鱼不遵守规则 The moment when the cleaner fish breaks the rules
它让我们能在珊瑚礁附近漂荡 It allows us to float around the reef
有向导跟着我们 accompanied by guides,
确保我们不会伤害到这些珊瑚 'to ensure that we didn't damage any of the coral.'
让大卫能讲述不同部分的故事 and for David to tell different parts of the story.
反咬蝠鲼的瞬间 and bites a manta ray's flesh.
所有要上岸的人听着 一开始会有点奇怪 Anybody who's coming on here, it's weird at first,
为了拍摄这个镜头 To film the story,
在船上 有最先进的科技 On board, all the latest technology,
摄制组和海洋生物学家 the team worked closely with marine biologist,
但请试着在死珊瑚上走 硬的那部分就是 but just try and walk on the dead coral - the concrete stuff.
直升机 一个实验室 helicopters, a laboratory
凯西·汤森博士密切合作 Dr Kathy Townsend.
我们来这里拍摄一种非常难找的生物 We were there to film an elusive creature
和先进的测绘系统 and advanced mapping systems.
它只在退潮时到这块特殊的 that feeds in this special habitat
蝠鲼会经常主动来找潜水员一起玩耍 Manta rays will often seek out and spend time with divers,
栖息地上觅食 when the tide is out -
它就是肩章鲨 the epaulette shark.
因此和它们在水中共处是很有趣的 which, of course, makes them amazing animals to be in the water with.
在艾露西亚掌舵的是 At the helm of Alucia,
那里有尾巴露出来了 第一只就在那里 There's one with a tail - the first one is there.
法兰克·阿里卡船长 Captain Frank Alika.
蝠鲼也许好奇心很重 Manta rays may be inquisitive,
他的责任是将科考船航行至指定地点 The task of getting the ship into position
-跑掉了 -跑到那下面去了 - Just gone. - It's gone under there.
但它们也很容易被吓跑 but they can easily be spooked.
供潜水艇首次下潜 for the first big submarine launch rests on his shoulders.
吉莉安·伦肖教授 Professor Gillian Renshaw
摄影师麦克·皮茨最大的挑战 The challenge for cameraman, Mike Pitts,
二十年来一直在研究这种鲨鱼 has been studying these sharks for 20 years.
就是要让自己越不起眼越好 was to make himself as unobtrusive as possible.
某些区域的地图不如其他地方精准 Some parts are charted less well than others,
肩章鲨总是很难被发现 It's very hard to see the epaulettes
特别是这一段 有很多危险的地方 but this particular bit, there's quite a lot of bombies
因为它的外表与裸露在 because they're cryptically coloured
你块头又大又笨拙 You are bulky and clumsy,
一些东西很可能会突然蹦出来破坏船底 and things out there that are likely to jump up and bite you on the bottom,
礁坪外的珊瑚枝丫的颜色 and blend in very well with the fingers of coral
还带着笨重的摄像机和灯光 you've got large cameras, lights.
这可不是我们想要的 and that's really not what you want.
你绝对不想妨碍到蝠鲼 So what you don't want to do is to obstruct the manta ray.
完美融合 that are rising out of the reef platform.
在这里拍摄很有挑战 It's a challenging location,
如果影响到蝠鲼 它就会游走 The manta ray might get disturbed and it'll just swim off.
幸运的是 他比我1957年 Fortunately, he's a lot more hands on
尤其是因为我们在此的停留时间很短暂 not least because 'it's only accessible for short periods of time.'
第一次来时的船长更加亲力亲为 than the skipper was on my first visit in 1957.
我一般是把身子压得越低越好 I generally keep as low as possible.
将身形隐藏在珊瑚礁中间 So your profile sort of matches in with the reef.
我们大概只有40分钟时间 We've got probably about 40 minutes
然后过了一会儿你就会发现 And so what you notice after a while is
来拍摄我们所有需要的镜头 to get all of the shots that we need,
但当时技术很落后 But it was very primitive.
蝠鲼会离你越来越近 越来越近 the manta rays will come closer and closer and closer to you.
当时的摄像机需要用发条上弦 The camera was wound up by clockwork
所以我真的不应该在这里和你闲聊的 so I shouldn't really be talking to you,
麦克·戴维斯
系列片导演
我们应该去干活了 we should be getting this.
当时水下只有我和16毫米焦距的摄像头 and it was just me and the chap with a 16mm camera
我可以 And I can literally...
好了 大家安静 开始拍了 OK, quiet please! Camera's rolling.
感觉到它们从我头上游过时擦过我头顶 I feel them brushing over my head as they go.
我自己进行摄像 and I did the recording.
开始 大卫 And action, David.
虽然摄制组的目标是为了拍摄清洁站 While the team's objective was to film the cleaning station,
肩章鲨即使在退潮时 The epaulette shark remains on the reef,
那或许拍得很普通 It may have been a modest shoot
但在那个年代是具有突破性的录像 but it was, in its way, ground-breaking.
但在拍摄的第四天 on the fourth day of the shoot,
也会一直呆在珊瑚礁里 even when the tide goes out.
他们拍到了一幕出人意料的画面 they were treated to something truly unexpected.
我们拍摄了从未有人拍摄过的珊瑚礁 We worked on locations on the reef where film crews had never been before.
当然 因为只有一点点水 Of course, with so little water,
它没有办法获得通常情况下需要的氧气 但是 it doesn't get as much oxygen as it requires normally, but...
我们当时快要结束潜水了 We were close to the end of the dive
我们58分钟里都没看到什么可拍的东西 and we hadn't really seen anything for about 58 minutes
60年后 他们告诉我 60 years later, I'm told
虽然我的镜头已经拍好了 'Although my piece is done,
但接着我发现了一对蝠鲼 and then I spotted a pair.
摄制组还需要拍摄肩章鲨独特的行走镜头 'the team must now film the shark's unique walking behaviour.'
我们准备好要再创造一次历史 we are poised to make history once again.
安东尼·格芬
系列片制片人
海水正不断涌上来 打湿了设备 The water is literally pouring in around the equipment
我看见凯西突然游走让我们跟上她 I saw Kathy and suddenly she zoomed off and we followed.
这次 要到达大堡礁从未被探索过的地方 This time, to reach new areas of reef,
淹过了我们的脚 and over our feet.
我们还有大概十到十五分钟来拍完这组镜头 We've got about 10 to 15 minutes to get this sequence finished
我必须依靠崔坦牌潜艇 I'll have to rely on the Triton submersible.
我可以看到远处 And I could see out in the distance,
有一只雄性蝠鲼游在一只雌性上方 there was a male above a female
回到船上 以免真的被海水切断退路 and get back in the boats before we're literally cut off
它非常灵活 And she's very flexible
这只雄性蝠鲼紧紧跟随着雌性 and he was following her every move
不管我们去到多浅的海域都是一样 in terms of how shallow we can come, as well.
那样我们就回不去船上了 and we can't get back to the boats.
在水中游动的每一个动作 as she moved through the water.
它在1000米的水下运行良好 She'll work in 1,000 metres happily,
但在白浪区也能工作 but we can also work in the splash zone,
凯西非常兴奋 Kathy got really excited.
潮水悄悄地包围了我们 'The tide creeps in around us.'
所以它的平衡装置非常棒 so her actual trim system is very good.
这是我从来没见过的行为举动 They were undergoing behaviour I'd never seen before.
视野也非常棒 你去试试就知道了 Amazing visibility, as you'll see when you get in.
我见过不少求偶行为 I'd seen various types of courtship behaviour
它现在走得真优雅 快看 He's walking beautifully, now. Look at that.
对 她看起来是有点炫啦 Yes, she's a little bit flash.
有像开火车一样的 that involves having trains,
一只雌性蝠鲼游在前面 where there's a female at the front
我们再拍一段它在水里的镜头吧 Let's try and get it in the water a bit.
后面跟了好几只雄性 followed by several males.
距离第一次深潜只有几个小时了 With just a few short hours before the first big dive,
肩章鲨的表现真是太棒了 Really nice performance from the epaulette shark.
但这对蝠鲼现在的行为真的很独特 What was happening between these two was really quite unique.
船上的人们既兴奋又紧张 the excitement and pressure is building on deck.
雄蝠鲼显然是在向雌性求爱 The male was obviously trying to court her,
现在我们该赶紧从珊瑚礁上撤退了 'Now, it's a race against time to get off the reef.'
但它求爱的方式很不寻常 but in a very unusual way.
这是工作人员检查摄像装备 This will be the last opportunity for the crew to check the camera gear
他在用他的头鳍 He was taking his front cephalic lobes
大家好准备好上船了吗 Are we ready for the boat, now?
杰拉尔丁 我们能先让大卫上船吗 Geraldine, can we get David on, please?
轻抚雌性蝠鲼的后背 and he was actually stroking her on her back.
确认一切完好的最后机会 and make sure everything is perfectly in place.
显然是想要诱惑它 像是对它说 Obviously trying to entice her to say,
"听着 我就是你的真命天子" "Listen, you know, I'm the one for you".
我们忙了一早上了 It's been a busy morning already.
是的 看起来好极了 值了 Yeah, looked stunning. Worth the stress.
我们有音效师 摄影师 We've had soundmen, cameramen
马克"巴克"泰勒
潜水团队队长
但雌性蝠鲼却不是很热情 She, on the other hand, was not quite enthusiastic
都在努力把所有的设备塞进潜水艇 trying to fit all their gear into the sub.
这次旅程让我们从珊瑚礁的顶部 'This trip took us from the very top of the reef
我们快没有地方坐人了 We're sort of running out of space for bodies.
对这只雄性的求偶动作反应不大 about the attention that he was bestowing upon her.
一直探索到它的最底端 'down almost to its bottom...
要让88岁高龄的主持人进到这种机器里 There are lots of worries when you put your 88-year-old presenter
然后突然间 And all of sudden,
本节目中最具野心的一段镜头 'For our most ambitious sequence of the series
它一翻身把雄性甩了开来 she'd just fling up into the air to shake him off
可不是个容易事 in something like this.
像是在说 "不 我还没准备好" and say, "No, it's not ready for that yet".
它的顶部只有一个很小的进入口 I mean, it's got a very small area at the top to get into.
潜入大堡礁最深处 '..To attempt the deepest dive in this area
接着它又恢复平静优雅地游动着 And then she would settle back down.
并采集生长在那里的 'and collect a sample of
有很多地方都可能会出问题 There are all sorts of things that can go wrong.
神秘珊瑚样品 the mysterious coral that survives there.
我们一直都要非常小心 We're always very cautious.
这就要靠我们的摄影师鲍尔·威廉姆斯 'And it's down to cameraman Paul Williams
就算最灵巧的潜水艇操作员 And even the most limber of sub operators
独自拍摄整个任务过程 'to film our mission single-handedly.'
进入潜水艇也很困难 will struggle getting in the sub.
我知道这一幕很不寻常 I knew it was something very special because,
大卫非常有活力 身体也健康 David's incredibly active and fit,
麦克·戴维斯
系列片导演
因为我看到了凯西的反应 seeing Kathy's reactions to what was going on,
在下面就只能靠自己了 I'm on my own down there.
但他已经88岁了 所以我们还是有点担心 but he's 88 and so we were slightly worried about
我在脑子里不断演练 I've gone over it and over it again in my mind,
他该怎么进潜水艇 how he might get into the sub.
她非常兴奋 兴奋到直冒泡 she was so excited about it, she was bubbling.
我们要做什么以及我们该怎么做 about what we're trying to do and how we're going to do it,
太棒了
对 就是这样 Yeah, that's it, that's the one.
我想我已经记牢了 so I think I've got it locked in.
有时候等了一辈子就是为了眼前这一刻 You could wait a lifetime to see something like that.
希望不要忘了什么东西 I hope haven't forgotten anything.
好 所以我们只要... OK, so we're just going to...
看到那个梯子了吗 踩着梯子就能下去了 See that landing, he'll guide you right in.
潜水艇里装进鲍尔的所有摄影器材 'It's something of a squeeze in the sub,
非常珍稀的一刻 Just a very rare event.
就真的有点儿挤了 'with all of Paul's filming equipment.'
然后你把脚放在那 大卫 And then you can put your foot there, David.
在遥远的北方 另一组野生动物摄制组 In the far north, another wildlife crew had their sights set
能麻烦您帮我稍微拿一下这个吗 Do you mind if I just give you that for a moment?
继续 快到了 就是这样 棒 Keep coming. Nearly there. That's it. OK.
把目标锁定到了一位非常特殊的季节性访客 on filming a very special seasonal visitor.
但我们的第三位成员却是绝对不能少的 'But our third crew member is essential.
你需要的话可以靠着我 You can rest against me if you want.
我差点坐到驾驶员头上 Nearly sat on the pilot!
他是我们的驾驶员 巴克·泰勒 'He's the pilot, Buck Taylor.'
每年冬天侏儒小须鲸都会在大堡礁 In winter, dwarf minke whales come to the reef
-没事 我习惯了 -他就是给你坐的 - That's all right, I'm used to it. - That's what he's there for.
短暂停留几星期 for just a few short weeks.
大卫如往常一样颠覆了我们的思维 David, as usual, defied all our thoughts
我坐着 肩上扛着一台摄像机 I'm sitting with a big camera on my shoulder
野生动物摄影师迪恩·米勒 Wildlife cameraman, Dean Miller,
他毫无困难就坐进去了 and just went straight in without any trouble
15年来一直在拍摄这些鲸鱼 has been documenting these whales for 15 years.
潜水艇外还装着两台摄像机 and two other cameras, which were outside the sub,
好像他才25岁一样 as though he was a 25-year-old.
各由一台电脑控制 controlled by laptops
-把它搁在你膝盖上 可以吗 -可以 - Rest it on your lap. Is that OK? - Yep.
两台电脑都放在我的膝盖上 which were both on my lap.
有时候跳入海中看到一头重七吨 It's a little bit unnerving sometimes jumping in
长七米的动物从海水深处向你游来时 and seeing a seven-tonne, seven-metre animal
录音设备放在巴克的脚下 The sound kit was under Buck's feet.
所以 舱口封闭了 So, that's hatch secure
确实会有些紧张 come out from the gloom.
里面真的很挤 It was tight in there.
你会祈祷希望来的是鲸鱼 And you're hoping that it is going to be the whale
我们准备好了 and we are ready.
而不是别的什么牙齿更多的动物 and not something with a few more teeth.
潜水艇重达约八吨 The sub weighs almost eight tonnes
拍摄动物行为时 Every animal presents a very different challenge
进入水中是一项大工程 and getting it into the water is a major operation.
不同的动物总会带来不同的挑战 when it comes to filming behaviour,
大卫 能麻烦你一下吗 David, do you mind?
但几年下来 but over the years,
你可以拿一下毛巾 Would you get your towel
-擦一下那边吗 -好的 - and just give that a little wipe there? - Yup.
迪恩学会了不少拍摄小须鲸的窍门 Dean has learned the minke tricks of the trade.
对在甲板上的我们而言 There's something quite extraordinary about
谢谢 先生 Thank you, sir.
崔坦潜艇入水是有非常重大的意义的 the Triton being launched, standing here on deck.
突然之间 船的后甲板那里就热闹起来了 Suddenly, the whole back deck area of the ship comes alive.
有时候就像是玩猫捉老鼠一样 It's sometimes a game of cat and mouse, in a way.
这次潜水的第一程 'For the first part of the dive,
因为当你不看它们的时候 Because if you're not looking,
将由水下摄影师拍摄潜水艇的下潜 'underwater cameramen filmed the sub's descent.
你能看到工作人员跑来跑去 You've got people running around.
它们反而会靠得更近 they tend to come a lot closer.
一切都被非常详细地认真地计划过了 Everything's incredibly detailed and carefully planned,
所以如果我看到远处有头鲸鱼要游过来 So if I can see a whale approaching in the distance
但在大约六十米处就到了他们的极限 'But at about 60 metres, they reached their limit.
但当绳索绞动 潜艇开始向前移动时 but you're sort of caught in a whirlwind
我又觉得这次可以拍到好东西的话 and I know it's going to be a good approach this time,
我会故意不理会它 I'll purposely hold off
感觉就像被卷入了旋风中一般兴奋 as ropes fly and the submarine starts to move forwards.
将摄影机球型罩转过来 and turn my dome around
这个是非常令人兴奋的时刻 You know, this is a very exciting moment.
只有在潜水艇的保护下 'It's only possible to venture further
通过球形面罩上的倒影 and actually see in the reflection of the dome
这是一个重要的日子 You know, this is a big day,
人类才有可能继续下潜 'within the protection of the submarine.
来观察鲸鱼向我靠近的情况 the whale coming to me
哪怕对大卫·爱登堡来说也是这样 even in the world of David Attenborough.
然后 当我觉得 and then, when I think
它大概离我只有五六米远时 it's probably about five to six metres away,
当我们进入中光区 大概一百米深处 'As we enter the mesophotic zone, around 100 metres down,
我会转过身 I'll turn around
拍到一天中最好的一个镜头 and get the best shot I've had all day.
我们就只能靠自己了 'we're on our own.
它们会偷偷靠近你 They sneak up on you.
当我们从海面消失 As we disappear beneath the waves,
久而久之 它们会越来越有信心 Over time, they build up that confidence
在外面的一艘后勤船上 out on a support vessel,
然后一次比一次靠得更近 and they just really, really try to edge much closer
为了拍下珊瑚礁最好的镜头 'To get the best shots of the reef beyond,
水下摄影师史蒂夫·赫森 underwater cameraman Steve Hudson
鲍尔让巴克的驾驶技巧发挥到了极限 'Paul requires all of Buck's skill as a pilot.'
在潜水艇探索珊瑚礁时会对其进行拍摄 prepares to film the sub as it explores the reef.
好看清楚你 each and every time and get a good look.
你想试试其他灯光效果吗 Do you want to try some other light options?
我当然还有别的技巧 I do have other tricks, as well.
-你还有什么选择 -我可以给你这个 - What have you got? - I can give you that.
尼克和我要跳进水里 So, Nick and I are going to jump in the water,
我会用呼吸管唱歌 I'll sing through my snorkel.
会下潜至最深约30米处 descend to a maximum depth of about 30 metres
不错 把高光打开 低光关掉吧 Yeah, put the higher ones on, take the lower ones off.
在潜水艇驶向珊瑚礁时 and shoot exterior shots of the submarine
你可能每天要在水里待七八个小时 You can be in the water for seven, eight hours a day
-这样呢 -好的 这样看上去很不错 - How's that? - Yes. Actually, that looks better.
对其外部进行拍摄 as it cruises over the reef.
但有时候一整天可能只有两只鲸鱼路过 and you might only get two of these passes for that whole day.
真棒 不是吗 Isn't it lovely?
但每次遇到这样的机会 And when they happen,
充满了每个角落和缝隙 Probably full of nooks and crannies.
这会非常累 It can be pretty tiring.
都会觉得这真是太美妙了 they're just mind-blowing.
潜水艇驾驶员巴克真是太棒了 Buck, the sub driver, was brilliant.
你必须要游到潜水艇的上下左右 You have to swim in front of it, swim behind it, swim beneath it, swim above it,
能亲眼看见这么庞大的动物 You've got this big, big animal.
他发现了一股水流 He'd find a drift in the currents
一头像小巴士一样大的动物游过来观察你 I mean, it's the size of a minibus, coming to look at you.
我们只要跟着水流飘过珊瑚礁就可以了 and then we'd just drift across the coral.
来拍摄到不同角度的画面 trying to get a multiple of shots.
最棒的是我可以看见这堵墙 What's nice is, I can actually see the wall.
-这个角度很棒 -是吗 - That's a very good angle for me. - Is it?
一天结束当你出水上船时 You can get out at the end of a day
但今天海流汹涌 能见度很差 But today, because of the strong currents, visibility is poor.
脸上会有最灿烂的笑容 and just have the biggest smile in your face.
可以往右舷的方向偏一点吗 So, just let us drift a tiny bit to starboard.
我曾经在水里看过一次日落 I've just watched the sunset from in the water.
一头鲸鱼与我擦肩而过 A whale nearly touched me.
开始 大卫 And...action, David.
这真是再美妙不过了 It just doesn't get any better.
我面前的这堵石墙 This wall of rock ahead of me
一开始 史蒂夫要尽力 At first, Steve struggles
在浑浊的海水中找到潜水艇的位置 to locate the sub through the cloudy water.
其实是鱼鹰礁的侧翼 is actually the flank of Osprey Reef -
生命的绿洲 an oasis for life.
当我们的水下摄制组们 While our underwater crews
享受着与动物们的奇妙交流时 were rewarded with spectacular interactions,
但我们潜到这里并不只是为了看 'But we weren't down here just to look.
我们还想为深水珊瑚科学家们采集一些样品 'We also wanted to collect samples for deep reef scientists...
我有机会前往苍鹭岛 on Heron Island, I had the opportunity
去拜访我最喜欢的一位访客 to meet one of my favourite visitors.
当然说起来容易做起来难 'And that proved easier said than done.'
黑燕鸥 The noddy.
不 我们得去捞回来 Oh, no! We have to go and fetch that.
它们随性的天性和对巢穴的依恋 The birds' relaxed nature and attachment to their nests
终于 他看到了潜水艇 Finally, he makes visual contact.
这段可以放进片子里 We'll take that on film.
让我们可以站在它们旁边录像而不打扰到它们 meant we could tell their story without disturbing them.
当我们下潜至250米深处 'As we descended beyond 250 metres,
我们进入了一个人类绝少亲眼看见的神秘之地 'we entered a landscape rarely seen with the naked eye.
而不是抛弃自己的巢 Without deserting their nest.
我们在继续下潜至他不能到达的地方之前 Before we descend deeper and beyond his reach,
史蒂夫必须拍到他需要的潜水艇外部的图片 Steve must get his exterior shots of the sub.
你好 Hello.
能够在此探索就是一个绝佳的机会 'It was the perfect opportunity simply to explore.'
但当摄影师麦克·皮茨三个月后 But when cameraman, Mike Pitts returns
回到这里想要拍摄幼鸟孵化的镜头时 to film the hatchlings three months later,
首席摄像师鲍尔·威廉姆斯 Lead cameraman Paul Williams
这是首次人工操作的潜水艇 This is the first time that manned submersibles
在舱内进行拍摄 captures the action from inside the vessel.
他抵达的当晚 灾难袭击了这座小岛 disaster hits the island on his first night.
在这个深度工作 have worked at this depth
贾斯丁·马歇尔教授
昆士兰大学
它给了我们一个仔细观察这里的机会 and it gives one the ability to look and observe
为了拍到最好的镜头 To get the best footage,
潜水员需要和潜水艇内队伍进行配合 the divers need to coordinate with the sub team.
只是进行一些由好奇心驱动的研究 and just do curiosity-driven research.
感觉太妙了 It's fantastic.
说起来容易做起来难 It's a task easier said than done.
这里的能见度太棒了 不是吗 The visibility down here spectacular, isn't it?
我们就是在一个泡泡里 We're literally in a bubble.
鲍尔·威廉姆斯
摄影师
这是百分百的纯净 It's absolutely pure, yeah.
我们无法与舱外的潜水员交流 We can't talk to the divers outside.
有许多次 There were many times
我们就用很粗糙的手势沟通 We had this rather crude hand signal.
我不得不把视线从目镜前移开 when I had to take my eye away from the eyepiece
就像是 You know, it's like,
因为我必须亲眼看一看这里的景致 because I just had to look with my own eyes,
别挡着镜头 "Get out of shot," or, you know,
第二天早上 The following morning,
麦克发现风暴摧毁了 Mike discovers that the storm has destroyed
这样它才能以正确的方式 so it goes into the brain properly
往那边移一点 "Well, just move over that way a bit."
我上次拍摄的地方 the very spot where I had filmed.
留在我的脑海中 in the right perspective.
很快我们就到了目标深度 'Soon, we reached our target depth.'
到处都支离破碎 就像战场 It was shattered. It was like a warzone.
你想象中的热带岛屿都是平静美好的 You think of these idyllic, tropical islands
就是这儿了 300米深 There it is. 300.
但现实与你的想象差得十万八千里 and you couldn't be further from the truth.
没有人曾潜到大堡礁 Nobody before has ever been as deep as this
这么深的地方过 on the Great Barrier Reef.
你能看清他的手势吧 Can you see his hand signals, yeah?
我喜欢 I like it.
你还在拍吗 Are you still rolling?
你可以看到许多树木被刮倒了 You can see that many of the trees are down.
虽然我们的设备还没接受到 还是290米 So, it hasn't even come up on here - 290 metres,
树上的幼鸟和鸟巢也被刮了下来 And it's brought down the chicks with them and the nests.
但我们听到他们已经抵达300米深处了 but we've heard that they've just reached 300 metres.
鸟蛋都摔碎了 幼鸟也奄奄一息 Eggs are smashed, chicks are dying.
又一件可以加入 Another thing to add to
侥幸活下来的幼鸟 And the chicks that have survived
"大卫曾在地球上做过的事"的记录了 the things that David's done on this planet.
娜迪尔
纬度
经度
深度
他在说"谢谢" He's saying, "Thank you."
现在都独自待在树干和树枝间 are now on these trunks and branches
我们这次破纪录的旅行 'The purpose of our record-breaking trip
谢谢 还有... Thank you and...
或者待在森林的地上 and on the ground of the forest itself,
我们现在要下潜了 We're just going to do the descent now.
是为了提高大家对珊瑚礁脆弱性的意识 'was to raise awareness of the reef's fragility.
希望它们的父母能找到它们 hoping for their parent birds to find them
幸运的是 当节目组继续制作本片时 'Fortunately, while production continued on the series,
给它们带来食物 and bring the food they need.
但黑燕鸥父母们都糊涂了 But the parent birds are so confused
这次潜水引起了一位总统的注意 'the dive caught the attention of a president.'
因为原本的树木都不见了 because so many of the trees are gone.
这一幕让人看着很揪心 It's very disheartening to see it,
当潜水艇下潜到更深处 As the vessel dives deeper,
-总统先生 -我听说你曾经潜过一次水 - Mr President. - When I heard that you had gone down,
很悲哀的一幕 and, er...it's a real sad sight.
我们欣赏到了很壮丽的景色... we're treated to some spectacular sights...
然后你又再次潜入大堡礁 you dove into the Great Barrier Reef again...
太美了 Oh, how beautiful.
我从未见过被猛烈的风暴袭击后的惨状 I'd never seen the aftermath of such a strong storm.
这也说明了为什么大堡礁 Which show why the reef is
这次离你第一次潜水有60年了 ..60 years after the first time you did it?
是世界上最惊人的栖息地之一 one of the most dazzling habitats on the planet.
但当然这种时候总是情感占上风 But, of course, your emotions always get the better of you.
-是的 -真厉害 - Yes. - That impressed me.
但这次我是做潜水艇 Ah, but I was in a sub.
我乘坐的是一台非常厉害的科研潜水艇 I mean, I was in a very, very remarkable research sub
我们潜到了水下300深处 and we went down to over 300 metres.
你还能看到幸存者 它们待在鸟巢里 You still see survivors, just sitting on the nest,
看看 这么多鱼 Oh, look at this lot.
你们潜得可真深啊 Oh, so you went really deep.
能让我这个年纪的人这么自如地 It's jolly nice that someone of my age
简直是不能再棒的体验了 And that was just mind-blowing.
在水下活动是非常令人欣喜的 can be taken down in fantastic comfort.
保护着鸟蛋或幼鸟 protecting the egg or the chick.
它们的坚韧不拔真的很让人佩服 It really is quite amazing, their resilience.
这次深潜绝对是我的一次难忘的体验 The deep dive proved a truly memorable moment for me
那有条黑尾真鲨 Grey reef shark there.
呼吸顺畅 言谈自如 No problem about breathing. No problem about talking.
并为我们提供了一次难得的机会 and allowed us the unique opportunity
如果把大堡礁看做一个整体的话 It puts the whole reef into a context
行动自如 No problem about your movements.
揭开大堡礁不为人知神秘地带的面纱 of revealing a part of this great reef that has never before been seen.
你见证的是生命的节奏 whereby you're following the rhythms of life.
那还有一条 There's another.
我们在那里只能拍摄并记录事实 We were there to record it and film it
你只要坐在那儿 You're just sitting there
观赏地球上一处最非凡的所在 and looking at one of the most extraordinary places on Earth.
这也是大堡礁故事的一部分 and that's part of the Great Reef story.
这是难得的荣幸 a privilege given to very few.