我们的世界并非一成不变 Our world is not always the same.
我们的眼前就隐藏着另一个世界 Hidden from our view lies a different world.
片源&字幕源：
xiaofriend&YYeTs
那里的生物与我们截然不同 Creatures utterly unlike us,
时间轴&特效：
SuMM.BuG
仿若来自外星 almost alien,
它们是世上数量最庞大的生物群体 yet they are more numerous than any other group on the planet.
压制&封装：
SuMM.BuG
欢迎来到美妙的节肢动物世界 Welcome to the fascinating world of the arthropods.
蜘蛛、蝎子和昆虫 Spiders, scorpions and insects.
如今我们有了先进的摄像技术 Today we have new camera techniques
这使得我们可以比以往更为细致地 that will allow us to review in greater details
研究它们的生活 than ever before of their lives.
它们争斗、进食 The way they fight and feed
和繁殖的方式 and reproduce.
本系列运用专门开发的3D摄像技术 This series uses specially-developed 3D camera technology
分别从野外和人造环境 to study the micro world
对这个微型世界 in extraordinary detail,
进行极其详尽的研究 both on location and in specially-constructed environments.
我们研究它们的诞生 We'll witness their birth,
它们所面临的挑战 the challenges they face,
以及它们命悬一线的时刻 and the moment when their lives hang in the balance.
这或许有助于我们理解 And that may help us understand how it is
为什么如今全世界80%的动物 that today over 80% of all animal species on this planet
都是节肢动物 are arthropods.
我们在本系列中将会了解到它们是 In the series, we will see the way they have evolved
如何从比较简单的马陆发展成 from the comparative simplicity of the millipede
包含数百甚至数百万个体的群体 to vast colonies that contain hundreds, even millions of individuals.
我们将目睹动物王国最非凡的变化 We'll witness the most extraordinary transmissions in the animal kingdom.
我们将会看到蚂蚁耕作 We will meet ants that farm,
蜘蛛抛网捕猎 spiders that can cast their webs
虫子利用猎物遗体伪装自己 and the bug that wears the bodies of his victims as a disguise.
欢迎来到这个奇异而危险的世界！ Welcome to a strange and dangerous world!
大卫·爱登堡
微型怪物
求 偶
非洲的热带雨林里 The tropical rainforests of Africa
充满了各式各样的昆虫 are teeming with a huge variety of insects.
这么多的虫子 And with so many bugs around,
或许会让你觉得找寻配偶会很容易 you might think that finding a mate would be easy.
那你就错了 But you'll be wrong.
求偶往往是复杂 Courtship is often complex,
漫长而且奇妙的 protracted, fascinating,
对有些虫子来说甚至是残酷的 and, for some, even brutal.
这是大角金龟 This is a Goliath beetle,
大型昆虫中的一种 one of the biggest of all insects.
我知道它是雄性的 I know that he's a male
因为它的前额有两只这样的角 because he's got these two horns on the front of his head
这是它争夺雌性的武器 with which he battles for females.
大角金龟是世上最强壮的一种昆虫 Goliaths are among the strongest insects in the world.
这只雄性 This male
能举起自身体重850倍的物体 can lift 850 times his body weight,
相当于你或我 the equivalent of you or me
举起十头大象 lifting ten elephants.
它需要使尽浑身解数 He'll need all his strength
去赢得交配的权利 to win the right to mate.
雌性没有角 The female has no horns.
它并不需要角 She doesn't need them.
只有雄性才参与打斗 It's the males that do the fighting.
它们要对决 They face off,
各自在计算对手的危险系数 each accessing the threat the other may pose.
这是一场恶战 It's a savage battle
它们都想把角伸到对方的壳下 with each trying to hook his horn under the other's shell.
如果其中一只雄性把对手扔下树枝 If one of the males flips his opponent off the branch,
它就能独占这只雌虫 he'll have the female to himself.
失败者离开了 The loser retreats.
对决已经结束 And with the dual over,
胜者赢得了配偶 the winner gets the mate.
在这片南美森林的地面上 On the floor of this South American forest,
一切都依赖于触觉和嗅觉 it's all about touch and smell.
视力对于生活在灌丛中的 Sight is not much use to bugs
虫子们来说作用不大 that live in the undergrowth.
这只雄性智利红玫瑰狼蛛 This male Chilean rose tarantula
几乎是瞎的 is almost blind.
它依靠嗅觉来寻找配偶 He searches for a mate using smell
当它离得够近时 and when he's close enough,
就用触觉 by touch.
现在它正在追寻一只雌蛛的踪迹 Right now, he's on the trail of a female
它是有备而来的 and he's come prepared.
在出发前 Before he set out,
它织了一个丝垫 he wove a silk mat,
把精液喷在上面 deposited his sperm on it
然后把精液吸进它的一条触须里 and then sucked his sperm into one of his palpus -
就是它嘴巴附近的指状物 a finger-like appendage close to his mouth.
这只雌蛛释放出的性激素 This female has signaled her presence to him
为它指明了方位 by emitting the sex hormone.
雄蛛靠了过来 And he approaches.
它将自己推到雌蛛身下 He pushes himself beneath her.
它前腿上特别的钩子 Special hooks on his front legs
把雌蛛的毒牙挡到一边 hold her fangs aside
以防自己被咬到 to prevent her biting him.
它的动作还会刺激到 His movements also stimulates
雌蛛身下敏感的体毛 sensitive hairs on her underside.
这些动作让雌蛛顺从了 And with this, she yields
接着它用触须让雌蛛受孕 and he uses his palpus to fertilize her.
当雌蛛产下卵时 When she lays her eggs,
那将全是它的后代 the offspring will all be his.
在北美洲 In North America,
有种雄性寻找配偶的时间非常少 there's a male with far less time to find a mate.
它是一种金小蜂 He is a Nasonia jewel wasp
还没火柴头大 and is no bigger than a match head.
它只能活上两天 He only lives for two days,
所以它短暂的一生 so his entire short life
都用于交配 is devoted to mating.
由于时间如此急迫 And with so little time,
它有一种用于确保成功的特殊方法 he has an unusual way to ensure that he's successful.
当它找到雌蜂时 When he finds a female,
就把性激素涂到雌蜂的触角上 he smears the sex hormone on her antenna.
如果它觉得兴奋 If she finds it stimulating,
就会和雄蜂交配 she'll let him mate.
这只雌蜂没感觉 This female doesn't
它立刻把雄蜂的 and wipes his scent off
气味擦掉了 as fast as he smears it on.
雄蜂不能浪费时间 He has no time to waste
继续寻找其他的雌蜂 and moves on to look for another female.
这儿有一只 Here's one.
这只雌蜂喜欢它的气味 This female likes his scent
它进行了交配 and he mates.
大功告成 Success.
但为了确保它不会和其它雄蜂交配 But to make sure that she doesn't mate to any others,
雄蜂爬上了它的背部 he climbs back onto her
抹了更多激素 and smears on more hormones.
现在其它雄蜂无法发现它可以受孕 Now, other males will not find her receptive.
而雄蜂的基因基本可以 And he will be almost certain
确保被传递下去 to pass on his genes.
至少下一代中会有一些 At least some of the next generation
是它的孩子 will be his.
在非洲森林里 In the African forest,
有一种特别危险的虫子 a particularly dangerous bug
为了赢得配偶而演化出了 has evolved a surprisingly balletic way
惊人的婀娜舞姿 to win his mate.
蝎子有两千多个品种 There are over 2,000 species of scorpion
其中只有大约20种 and while only around 20 of them
对人类来说是危险的 are dangerous to humans,
但对其它虫子来说它们都是致命的 all of them are deadly to other bugs.
坦桑尼亚红爪蝎和所有蝎子一样 These Tanzanian red-claws, like all scorpions,
主要是夜间活动 are mainly nocturnal.
它们的求偶仪式通常在夜间举行 Their mating rituals generally take place at night.
但它们身体会在紫外线下发出荧光 But their bodies fluoresce under ultraviolet light
这就让我们有可能 and that makes it possible for us
看到它们最私密的行为 to watch their most intimate behavior.
当一只雌性找到雄性 When a female finds a male,
它们非同寻常的仪式开始了 their extraordinary ritual begins.
它们开始起舞 They dance.
雄性通过 He arouses her
爱抚雌性的口器激起它的情欲 by caressing her mouth parts.
在雄性试图让雌性兴奋的同时 While he tries to stimulate her,
雌性也在测试它的力量 she is testing his strength.
雌性顺从了 She yields.
现在雄性开始领舞 Now he is leading her.
最终 它在地上留下精液 Eventually, he deposit his sperm on the ground
并温柔地把雌性牵到上面 and gently pulls her onto it.
雄性证明了自己的力量和灵敏 He's proved his strength and agility
而雌性则为孩子们选择了 and she has ensured the best possible father
最出色的父亲 for her young.
节肢动物有着许多奇妙的求偶仪式 Arthropods have many fascinating courtship rituals -
从蝎子的舞蹈 from the dance of the scorpion
到大角金龟的力量之战 to the Goliath beetle's battle of strength
和狼蛛的亲密拥抱 and the tarantula's intimate embrace.
但对于一些生物而言 But for some creatures,
求偶过程更加暴力 courtship is more violent
哪怕它们属于最小的世界 and this happens in even the smallest worlds.
培养皿中 This dish
就是一整群心结蚁 contains a complete colony of tramp ants.
它们非常小 They are minute.
每一只都比一粒沙子还小 Each individual is less than the size of a grain of sand.
要想能看清楚它们 So to see them properly,
我们需要用到高倍放大 we have to use huge magnifications.
但它们值得一看 But they are worth watching
因为其雄性首领有种确保只有自己 because the dominant male has a really brutal way
才能繁殖后代的残酷方式 of ensuring that only he breeds.
在放大200倍后 200 times magnification
就能看到这个微小蚁群的内部运作 reveals the intimate workings of this tiny colony,
几百只蚂蚁都在忙活 a few hundred ants all at work.
带翅膀的雌蚁是蚁后 The winged females are queens
它们已经准备好交配了 and they are ready to mate.
这两只雄蚁正为了交配的权利 And these two males are fighting for the right
而大打出手 to mate with them.
蚁群现任雄性首领 The colony's current dominant male
是其中比较黄的那只 is the yellower of the two.
它需要设法把其它雄蚁都赶出巢穴 He must somehow drive all the other males out of the nest
让自己成为唯一能交配的雄性 leaving him as the only male that can mate.
但它还没有强壮到能亲自杀死对手 But he's not strong enough to kill the other males himself.
但它会让其它蚂蚁来为它效劳 Instead, he gets other ants to do his dirty work.
它在对手身上涂上强烈的气味 He smears the rival male with a powerful scent.
这让对手闻起来像是入侵者 This makes it smell like an invader.
蚁群中负责警戒的蚂蚁 The colony's stand-out ants
代替雄性首领发动了进攻 attack it on the dominant male's behalf
将它切成了两半 slicing it in two.
至少在这个蚁群 In this colony at least,
暴力带来了回报 violence pays.
在印度的森林地面上 On the forest floors of India,
另一种昆虫寻找配偶所采取的方法 another insect is taking a much gentler
要温柔得多 but no less devious approach
但却同样狡猾 to securing a mate.
这些热带雄性家蟋蟀 These male tropical house crickets
正在摩擦双翅发出声音 are chirruping by rubbing their wings together
希望能够吸引雌性 in the hope of attracting females.
它们的声音很大 Their calls are so loud
雌性在20米外就能听到 that the females can hear them from twenty meters away.
这只雌性做出了选择 This female has made her choice.
不过雄性有一个伎俩 But the male has a trick
能提高精子让雌性受孕的几率 to increase the chances of his sperm fertilizing her.
它会送雌性一个礼物 He will give her a present.
雌性坐在雄性身上 She sits on top of the male
用触角感受雄性 and tastes him with her antennae
确认自己没有跟它交配过 to make sure she hasn't mated with him already.
它的回应是产生一包 He responds by producing a parcel of sperm
裹着浓稠糖浆的精液 wrapped in a rich syrup.
雄性离开后 As he leaves,
精液包还粘在雌性的性器官上 the parcel sticks to the female's sex organs.
雌性吃下糖浆 She eats the syrup.
而雄性的精液还附着在雌性身上 And his sperm remains attached to her sex organs.
这个美食礼物令雌性在受精的同时 The gift of food distracts the female
有些分心 as fertilization takes place
这让它再去寻找 and makes her far less likely
其它雄性的可能性大大降低 to go off searching for another mate.
这只雄性的礼物确保 The male's gift has ensured
它会成为雌性孩子的父亲 that he fathers her offspring.
在整个热带地区 Throughout the tropics,
有一种昆虫代表着动物界中 one insect has come to symbolize the extremes
一些成员寻求配偶的极致 that some animals will go to in order to mate.
螳螂是技艺高超的掠食者 Praying mantises are highly skilled predators
它们靠视力狩猎 and they hunt by sight.
但它们仅能听到一种声音 But their hearing is limited to just one sound.
它们能探测到蝙蝠的声纳 They can detect bat's sonar
以免被吃掉 to avoid being eaten.
螳螂英文名的由来 Praying mantises are so named
是出于它颇像祈祷的姿势 because of their pious looking posture.
但这些虫子既不柔顺 But these bugs are neither meek
也不温和 nor mild.
它们是凶残的掠食者 They are voracious predators.
螳螂主要捕食蝗虫和蟋蟀 They mostly eat locusts and crickets,
但也能捕食远大于自身的猎物 but have been known to eat creatures far larger than themselves.
这只雄性螳螂正向中意的雌性爬去 This male mantis climbing up towards his potential mate
它对自己将遭遇的危险一无所知 can have little idea of the danger that he's in.
也许是被雄性的步步紧逼惹恼 Perhaps put off by the unwelcome advances of the male
也许仅仅是因为饿了 or simply driven by hunger,
这只雌螳螂开始进食它的追求者 the female mantis begins to eat her suitor.
它用左钳夹住雄性的上半身 Holding his upper body in her left claw,
开始咀嚼雄性的胸部 she starts to chew through his thorax
直到雄性的身体 until the halves of his body
前后仅剩一线血肉相连 are only held together by a thread of flesh.
最后，雄性的头掉了下来 Eventually his head drops away.
但惊人的是 But remarkably
这只雄性还没死透 this male isn't entirely dead.
它开始让雌性受孕 He's begun to impregnate her.
雌性咬掉了雄性的头 The female has removed his head
控制它身体的脑细胞也随之死去 and with it the brain cells that control his inhibitions.
但雄性腹部有独立的神经细胞 But his abdomen has its own nerve cells.
这些细胞控制着活性计算 Cells that control the active calculation
这让雄性在被死神亲吻之时 and they allow him to pass on his genes
还能将基因传递下去 even in the throws of death.
从繁殖的角度来说 In reproductive terms,
这只雄性成功了 this male has succeeded.
但它的死亡象征着节肢动物世界 But his death is a symbol of how strangely unfeeling
是有多么地冷酷 the arthropod world can be.
每种动物都必须繁殖 Every species of animal must reproduce.
否则就会面临灭绝 If it didn't, it would become extinct.
节肢动物为此演化出了各种方式 Arthropods have developed many different ways of doing so -
有些奇妙 some fantastic,
有些暴力 some violent.
而它们的成功让它们成为了 And their success has led them to becoming
地球上最繁多的动物生命形式之一 one of the most abundant forms of animals on this planet.
为了找到配偶 Bugs will dance, fight
虫子们会跳舞、搏斗 and even sacrifice their lives
甚至祭上生命 just to find a mate.
求偶是它们成功的关键 Courtship is key to their success.
但是更重要的 But more important still
还在后面 is what happens next -
后代的到来 the arrival of offspring,
新一代的诞生 the birth of a new generation.
在下一集里 In the next program,
我将见到不用异性进行繁殖的生物 I'll meet the creatures that do without sex all together
它在短短一夏就能产生数十亿后代 and produce billions of young in a single summer,
观看数千只小蜘蛛的降生 watch the arrival of thousands of baby spiders
并且目睹动物世界里 and look at perhaps the most remarkable transformation
最非凡的转变 in the animal kingdom -
进食机器毛毛虫 the moment when the feeding machine
变成繁殖机器 that was a caterpillar
成年蝴蝶 becomes the breeding machine
这样的美妙时刻 that is an adult butterfly.