它落单了 Alone.
这只小红毛猩猩缺乏经验 Inexperienced.
面临艰巨的生存难题 Life has never been tougher for this young orang.
为了找到足够的食物 She will have to go to extraordinary lengths
它不得不攀上参天大树 To find enough food.
三分之一的红毛猩猩会从高处坠落 骨折 A third of her kind will fall and break bones,
甚至丧命 Or worse.
在这个凶险难测的世界里 只有强者才能攀到最高处 In this hostile world only the strongest make it to the top.
水深火热的星球
瓢泼大雨 热带高温 Torrential rain, tropical heat
蚊虫肆虐 And the relentless assault of insects.
如果没有万全准备 丛林会活生生地吞噬你 If you're not prepared, the jungle will eat you alive.
然而尽管条件恶劣 生活在丛林的物种数量 But these conditions have created a home for more
却远超地球上的任何地方 Species than anywhere else on the planet.
你也许觉得丛林是动物的伊甸园 You might think it's an animal eden.
其实丛林更像是一片狂野的战场 But it's more like a wildlife war zone.
在这个非凡的世界中 雨水养育了 Now that the rains, the lifeblood of these
一切生命 但如今降雨更加难以预测 Extraordinary worlds, are becoming more unpredictable.
生存之战由此进入白热化阶段 The battle for survival has never been fiercer.
雨林地区同样存在旱季 Even rain forests have dry seasons.
丛林中的动物从四面八方聚集到河边 Rivers become the focus of jungle life.
一只美洲豹出现了 它是南美洲的顶级猎食动物 A jaguar, south america's apex predator.
美洲豹从不挑食 Jaguars will hunt anything;
它既会袭击秃鹫 也会捕食蟒蛇 From a vulture to an anaconda.
但没有任何猎物可以手到擒来 But nothing's guaranteed.
这只雌性美洲豹已经好几天没有进食了 It's been days since she's eaten.
美洲豹是水性最好的大型猫科动物 Jaguars are the most aquatic of all big cats.
它在水中的胜算更大 She'll have more success in the water.
一群水豚出现了 Capybara.
这可是个好机会 A big opportunity.
还有很多其它目标 There are other options.
但这里也不乏竞争对手 But there's also competition.
一只雄性美洲豹出现了 A male.
十多年来 它一直在这片领地狩猎 He's hunted here for over a decade,
既不怕危险的猎物 也不怕其它美洲豹 Taking on dangerous prey and other jaguars.
丛林生活并非易如反掌 Life here isn't getting any easier.
随着旱季气候越发极端 As dry seasons become more extreme,
对猎物的争夺也愈加升级 Competition for prey increases.
水中的对手寥寥无几 这里是觅食的最佳选择 Better for her to hunt in less contested waters.
然而 水中潜伏着一位史前杀手 Where prehistoric killers lurk,
正等着将猎物拖入深渊 Waiting to drag their victims under.
美洲豹每前进一步 都有可能误入陷阱 With each step, a trap could snap shut.
美洲豹一旦准确咬中 With the right bite,
利齿足以刺穿头骨 让猎物无力还击 She'll pierce skull and immobilize it.
这只凯门鳄可不是一道小菜 But this caiman is much more than a mouthful.
人们很少记录到美洲豹袭击这么大的鳄鱼 A kill this big has rarely been recorded.
这顿大餐够它享用几天了 It will feed her for days.
对其它动物来说 旱季在丛林高处觅食 For other animals, finding food at the height of the
更是难上加难 Dry season is much more of a struggle.
在这只小红猩猩的日常饮食中水果占了六成 Fruit makes up around 60% of this young orang's diet.
它的脑海里必须形成一张复杂的地图 牢记水果成熟的时间 To survive she must form a complex mental map of where
以及分布的位置 And when to find it.
这需要花上许多年的时间 This takes years.
在高高的树冠上 它眼前只有茂密的枝叶 Up here there's nothing but leaves.
这里的降水量减少了三分之一 Rainfall has dropped by a third
旱灾更加频繁 And droughts are more frequent.
丛林世界变幻莫测 它该如何判断 How can she predict where to find food when the world
觅食的最佳地点 Around her keeps changing?
搜索的范围越大 它就越容易陷入危险 The more she searches, the more she risks.
在远离树冠的地面上 Far below, on the forest floor,
只有2％的阳光可以穿过枝叶直射下来 Only 2% of sunlight penetrates.
阻碍种子生长的因素不是水 而是阳光 It's not water that limits life, it's light.
每10万颗种子中 只有一颗可以生根发芽 For every 100,000 seeds, only one will survive.
能够长成参天大树的就更少了 Fewer still will ever reach the canopy.
它们必须争夺阳光下的一席之地 They have to fight for their place in the sun.
区区一厘米的差别 也许就决定了它的结局 Just half an inch can mean the difference
是生存 还是死亡 Between life and death.
每株植物都有自己的生存之道 Each plant has its own strategy to get ahead.
植物间的斗争使丛林成为地球上 This struggle makes the jungle one of the most competitive
不折不扣的战场 Environments on earth.
在这场斗争中 每一片叶子都至关重要 A war in which every leaf matters.
旱季中 In the dry season,
食物稀缺 There's not much else to eat.
植物长出尖剌 分泌毒液进行防御 Plants fight back with spikes and poison.
植物叶子中含有毒素 Loading their leaves with toxins.
食草动物啃食得越多 中毒就越深 威胁生命 With each bite their victims become sicker and sicker.
中毒是有解药的 但想得到解药 There is an antidote, but to reach it,
这些食草动物必须面对最危险的猎食动物 They must face the jungle's most dangerous predators.
这群吃下有毒植物的动物 Poisoned by the plants they eat;
必须找到解药 These animals must reach the antidote
这可是一项危险的任务 But it's a dangerous mission.
虎猫 美洲豹 Ocelot, jaguars,
和美洲狮都在虎视眈眈 And puma are waiting.
这是一场致命的捉迷藏游戏 而它们寻找的解药 A deadly game of hide and seek and at its heart,
看似平淡无奇 A most unlikely cure.
泥土 泥土富合矿物质和盐分 Clay, it's rich in the minerals and salts needed
能够中和毒素 To neutralize the toxins,
旱季持续的时间越长 But the longer the dry season,
它们前往泥潭的次数就越多 The more they must visit the clay lick.
林地生活可谓是险象环生 With so much danger on the forest floor,
一些动物不得不避开地面活动 It pays to keep off the ground.
这只红毛猩猩90％的时间都停留在树上 This orang spends 90% of her time in the trees.
作为世界最重的树栖动物 As the heaviest arboreal species in the world,
红毛猩猩充分利用了这一优势 Orangs let their weight do the work.
摇曳的树技能为它的林间穿梭 Tree swaying saves half the energy
节省一半的体力 She would normally use to climb.
旱季里食物短缺 A shortage of food in the dry season
它被迫减少活动 Forces her to rest more.
到了下午 它用树枝搭成一个窝 Each afternoon she makes her bed,
铺好的“小床” 可以让它 Weaving branches into a nest that will keep her
安然过夜 Safe through the night.
丛林里的树木提供的不仅仅是食物和住所 And these trees provide more than food and shelter.
更重要的是 这些树木直接影响着丛林的气候 Remarkably they also help create the jungle's weather.
旱季行将结束时 阳光最为强烈 By the end of the dry season the sun is at its most intense.
与其它时间相比 Trees pump out more water vapor
这时树木的蒸腾作用更加剧烈 Than at any other time of year.
在这片丛林中 树木每天蒸腾的水汽约有200亿吨 In this jungle, almost 20 billion tons every day.
如此庞大的水汽总量形成了这里的雨季 All this water creates the wet season here.
但是丛林面积正在逐渐缩小 But this jungle is shrinking,
造雨功能也因此削弱 And its rain making power is fading.
每十年 旱季到雨季的过渡都会延后一个星期 Every decade the change from dry to wet comes a week later.
暴雨即将形成 A mighty storm is brewing,
但在大雨来临之前 一场杀戮一触即发 But before it strikes there's a killing to be made.
白天 动物对食物的争夺非常激烈 Competition for food is so intense during the day,
于是一些动物转而在夜间出没 It has forced some creatures into the night.
这是西里伯斯跗猴 又称眼镜猴 Spectral tarsiers.
它们进化出了比大脑还大的眼睛 To thrive in the dark,
更好地适应黑暗环境 They've evolved eyes bigger than their brains.
它们的夜间视力在所有灵长类动物中首屈一指 And the best night vision of any primate.
但它们仍然需要外界的帮助 But they still need a little help.
秋日的满月 A hunter's moon.
有了这一轮明月 这群西里伯斯跗猴可以捕获更多的猎物 When it's full, this family can catch more.
它们觅食的时间也延长至原来的两倍 So, they hunt for twice as long.
但当月光被云层遮挡时 But when storm clouds obscure the moon,
它们又可能落入其它动物的魔掌 Others are better equipped to kill in the shadows.
这条蟒蛇依靠热量和味道 This python sees with heat,
可以感知周围的环境 And smells with taste.
然而风云突变 The tables turn again.
群居生活的西里伯斯跗猴能为彼此站岗放哨 Living in a group means these tarsiers can look out for each other.
偷袭计划被彻底打乱 这条蟒蛇失去了机会 With no element of surprise, the python has no chance.
丛林生活此时将变得更加艰难 But life is about to get tougher.
雨季终于到来了 The wet season has arrived.
动物们面临着一场前所未有的严峻考验 And it's hitting harder than ever before.
雨季席卷了这片丛林 The wet season breaks.
丛林是地球上遭遇雷击 There are more lightning strikes in jungles than
最多的地方 Anywhere else on earth.
有人预计到2050年 丛林遭遇雷击的次数将增加三分之一 By 2050 some estimate they will increase by a third.
丛林树木促成的暴雨 The storms that these trees help create
也会让它们轰然倒下 Can also be their downfall.
一棵大树的死亡对丛林里的物质循环 The death of an emergent tree is an essential part
有着重要的意义 Of the cycle of life.
雨季湿度的增加引发了一系列 The increased humidity during the wet season
连锁反应 Sets off a chain reaction.
真菌和粘菌竞相分解丛林地表上的 Fungi and slime molds race to decompose dead matter
枯枝落叶 On the forest floor.
在丛林 生物的腐烂速度很快 Rot and decay run rampant,
远超其它地方 Faster than anywhere else on earth.
在一些丛林中 真菌种类 In some jungles species of fungi outnumber plants
是植物的33倍 33 to one.
它们一边以动植物残体为食 一边回收关键的营养物质 As they feed on the dead they recycle critical nutrients
供森林成长 Which the forest uses to grow.
许多真菌通过孢子传播 Many spread by releasing spores,
它们每秒喷出的孢子可达30000个 Up to 30,000 a second.
如果其中一个孢子 在适宜的地方落脚 If just one of these spores lands in the right place and
它就可以覆盖一片新区域 Takes root, it can colonize a whole new area.
但并非所有真菌都以残枝败叶为食 But not all fungi feed on the dead.
几天前 一个孢子落在了这只蚂蚁身上 Days ago, a spore landed on this ant.
现在这只蚂蚁行为怪异 Now she's acting strange.
真菌的菌丝渗入了蚂蚁的肌肉 A network of roots has infiltrated her muscles.
它的身体已被虫草接管 Her body has been taken over by cordyceps,
这是一种寄生真菌 A parasitic fungus.
化学物质占据了蚂蚁的大脑 蚂蚁中毒了 It floods her brain with chemicals, drugging her,
大脑被操控着 走进了真菌理想的生长环境 Compelling her to head where conditions are perfect.
这里的阳光恰到好处 Just the right amount of light.
湿度也恰恰有利于体内寄生真菌的 Just the right amount of humidity for the parasite
生长 Growing inside.
寄生真菌夺走了这只蚂蚁的生命 It forces her to clamp down in a death bite.
虫草显示出它可怕的本性 And cordyceps reveals its gruesome nature.
经过三个星期的生长 After three weeks of growth,
虫草可以释放自己的孢子 Cordyceps can release its own spores,
感染其它蚂蚁 释放更多的孢子 Infecting more ants, releasing more spores,
感染更多的蚂蚁 Infecting more ants...
释放更多的孢子 感染更多的蚂蚁 Releasing more spores, infecting more ants,
更多的蚂蚁 Infecting more ants, more ants.
虫草可以让整个蚁群毁于一旦 Cordyceps can wipe out entire ant colonies.
危在旦夕的不仅仅是蚂蚁 But more than just ants are at risk.
世界各地的虫草 There are over 600 species of cordyceps
有600多种 Spread across the world.
大部分都出现在丛林中 它们的受害者 Most are found in jungles where they prey on a whole
数不胜数 Host of victims.
在雨季树冠上硕果累累 The wet season brings a flush of fruit to the canopy.
白掌长臂猿如果来晚一步 树上的果实就没了 Lar gibbons must move fast before it's all gone.
它们以每小时56公里的速度掠过树梢 They fly through the trees at 35 miles an hour,
身上还攀附着一只白掌长臂猿宝宝 Even with a baby on board.
它们可以一跃跨过12米的距离 They can cover 40 feet in a single leap.
然而并非每次跳跃都是十拿九稳 But they don't get it right every time.
这群白掌长臂猿 This family of lar gibbons
生活在一个危机四伏的世界里 Lives in a dangerous world.
它们居住的丛林正在变得四分五裂 Their forest is being fragmented.
有一天 它们所面对的距离可能将难以逾越 One day they may face a jump they can't quite make.
如今 这里的雨季气候多变 它们很难找到食物 Food is harder to find as the wet season grows more erratic.
每当大雨袭来 降水的持续时间变得更短 And when the rain comes, it can fall in shorter,
强度则要更大 More intense bursts.
如果雨太大 还是老实待着为妙 If it's too wet, it's best to sit tight.
这只红毛猩猩从妈妈那里学到了很多本领 This orang has learnt a lot from her mother
例如 如何制作一把“雨伞” How to make a jungle umbrella.
身处世界最为潮湿的环境中 这把“雨伞”非常实用 It comes in handy in the rainiest environment on earth.
瓢泼大雨影响了许多动物的活动 For many animals, heavy rain stops activity.
但对有些动物来说 它们不能停歇 But for some that's not an option.
这只雄性盘尾蜂鸟始终挣扎在 This male booted racket-tailed humming bird lives on the
饥饿边缘 Brink of starvation.
超出两个小时不摄入花蜜 它就可能死掉 Just 2 hours without nectar and he could die.
蜂鸟是世上新陈代谢速度最快的动物 Humming birds have the fastest metabolisms on earth.
有些蜂鸟每天需要光顾2000朵花 Some need to visit 2,000 flowers a day
才能活下去 Just to keep going.
像这样越发潮湿的山地丛林 This mountainous forest is one of the few jungles
已经非常罕见了 That is getting wetter.
这里的雨越下越大 在轻若鸿毛的盘尾蜂鸟眼中 Heavy rain is predicted to increase and when you weigh
雨滴如同炸弹一样危险 Less than a nickel, raindrops are a bombardment.
沾上雨水的羽毛放慢了它的速度 Waterlogged feathers slow his progress.
空中悬停则要耗费更多的体力 Staying airborne becomes more demanding.
这只盘尾蜂鸟饥肠辘辘 生命正随着时间流逝 But he's running on empty and the clock is ticking.
即使冒着倾盆大雨 Even during a downpour,
蜂鸟对鲜花的争夺也很激烈 Competition for flowers is fierce.
一只黄尾冕蜂鸟 A buff-tailed coronet,
想要独占满是花蜜的 Intent on keeping the nectar-filled flowers
花朵 For himself.
盘尾蜂鸟不是黄尾冕蜂鸟的对手 The racket-tail is no competition for the coronet.
它只能等待下次机会 He must wait for another opportunity.
雨势逐渐变小 As the rains slow,
花蜜引来了超过40种蜂鸟 Over 40 species fight for their nectar hit.
黄尾冕蜂鸟面临着更为严峻的战斗 With the coronet facing bigger battles,
盘尾蜂鸟可以借机啜饮一番 This is a racket-tail's chance to sneak a sip.
和其它动物的活动相比 It takes more energy to hover
蜂鸟的觅食过程极耗体力 Than almost any other activity on earth.
这相当于我们人类每分钟要喝一罐苏打水 We'd have to drink over a can of soda a minute to keep up.
另一只盘尾蜂鸟出现了 Another racket-tail.
面对势均力敌的对手 它不会退缩 Evenly matched, he won't back down.
它展开尾巴 伸出双爪 打算大战一场 Tail splayed, feet forward, he means business.
获胜方赢得了一切 但它还不能休息 The winner takes all, but he can't rest,
还有很多鲜花的花蜜等着它采集 He still has a lot of flowers to visit.
下一场大雨肯定很快又要到来 And the next downpour is never far off.
安第斯山脉的降水改变了1600公里内 Rainfall in the andes transforms life
所有动植物的生活 Over 1,000 miles away.
亚马孙盆地积聚了大量的地下水 So much water collects in the amazon basin below that the
地壳下沉了8厘米左右 Earth's crust sinks by 3 inches.
这是一片被河水淹没的丛林 A drowned forest.
这种极端环境变化将持续几个月 This extreme change takes months.
即便如此 这也会影响到一些行动缓慢的 Even so, it can creep up on those who live their life
动物 In slow motion.
树懒难以在树木之间行动 Moving between the trees becomes challenging.
下一顿饭还没有着落 She needs to find her next meal,
它发现自己身陷重围 But she's surrounded.
蜘蛛一年中大部分时间都生活在地表 Creatures that spend most of the year on the forest floor
而现在却漂浮于深达9米的水面上 Now find themselves floating 30 feet above it.
树木是动物们唯一的避难所 Their only refuge is in the trees.
但这只树懒却必须试探深水 But she must brave the deep.
这只树懒的家园被大水淹没了 This sloth's home is flooded.
它只有游泳前进寻找食物 To find her food she must swim.
它对水下的凶险毫无防备 Defenseless against what lies beneath.
像这里的大多数动物一样 Like most animals here,
树懒适应了一年一度的洪水 Sloths are adapted to get through this annual flood.
它的胃里满是发酵的叶子产生的气体 Fermenting leaves fill her stomach with gas
能帮助它漂浮在水面 That helps keep her afloat.
它在水中的速度比在地面快三倍 She's three times faster in water than on land.
洪泛森林为动物们展现了一个全新的世界 When the forest floods, it opens up a whole new world.
粉色亚河豚的活动范围比美国亚利桑那州的面积还大 Pink river dolphins can explore an area larger than arizona.
他们回声定位可以在黑暗中寻找鱼。 They echo-locate to hunt for fish in the murk.
它们的回声定位频率高于其它水生动物 Using higher frequencies than their marine cousins to see
因此有着更为优越的准确度 With superior definition.
最近这些洪泛森林的水位 Recently these floods have been reaching
创下了历史新高 Record breaking highs.
但它们也遭遇过绝望的低水位期 But there have also been devastating lows.
随着世界不断变化 干旱成为全球各地的丛林 And as our world changes, drought is the greatest
共同面对的自然威胁 Natural threat to jungles worldwide.
澳大利亚曾经覆盖着 Australia was once covered by a jungle
比亚马孙雨林面积更大的丛林 Larger than the amazon rainforest.
而现在那里的水资源所剩无几 Now barely 1% survives,
只有1％的丛林保留了下来 Clinging to what little water remains.
小红狐蝠的命运依赖于这条河流 And little red flying foxes cling on with it.
气温已经达到40摄氏度 It's 104 fahrenheit.
再高两摄氏度 这只雄性小红狐蝠将死于中暑 Just 4 degrees more and this male will die of heat shock.
它必须找个地方遮阳 He needs to escape the sun.
但是它的栖息地已经挤满了成千上万的蝙蝠 But with hundreds of thousands of bats in the colony,
它很难赢得一席之地 The shadier spots are hard won.
在阳光下暴晒 小红狐蝠脱水 危及生命 Exposed, he's dangerously dehydrating.
这条河是这群蝙蝠唯一的救星 The river is their only salvation.
但也有可能断送它们的性命 But it can also be their ruin.
这片水域充满凶险 These waters are infested.
澳洲淡水鳄占据这里 Fresh water crocodiles.
小红狐蝠不敢靠近 Better to stay away.
想尽力坚持到夜幕降临 Try and hold out till nightfall.
但它每呼吸一次 就会失去更多的水分 But with every breath, he loses more water.
越来越多的蝙蝠口渴难耐 朝河面飞去 More and more bats give in to their thirst
想必这只也不会坚持太久 And he won't last much longer.
集体行动有可能分担风险 It's safer to share the risk.
为了汲取水分 蝙蝠们必须将皮毛浸入河中 To collect water they must dip their fur in the river.
但它们都不愿第一个下水 But no one wants to be first.
小红狐蝠安然无恙 Safe!
但在降雨到来之前 它每天都必须在河面上铤而走险 But he must brave this river every day until the rains arrive.
再过50年 这片栖息地可能变得过于炎热干燥 Over the next 50 years it could get too hot and dry for
令动物们难以生存 This colony to survive at all.
其它地区的丛林 未来会不会和这里一样？ Could this be the future for jungles around the world?
美不胜收的丛林能够产生氧气和雨水 These amazing forests not only create oxygen and
滋养我们的星球 Rain that nourish our planet,
在这里生活的动物形态万千 They're also home to a greater diversity of animals
种类冠绝于世 Than anywhere else on earth.
丛林动物有着非凡的本领 These creatures are super specialized to survive all
能够适应极端复杂的丛林生活 The complexities of life in the jungle.
但在这个变化莫测的时代 But in times of change,
它们的生存岌岌可危 That also leave them highly vulnerable.
红毛猩猩需要数年时间才能学会 It takes years for an orang to learn how to
如何在丛林之中辨别方向 Find its way in these forests
眼下不断变化的气候让它们的生活变得更加艰难 And today's changing climate makes life even tougher.
除此之外 摆在它面前的难题还有很多 And that isn't all she has to contend with.
世界各地的雨林正以前所未有的速度 Rainforests around the world are disappearing
消失 Faster than ever before.
这只红毛猩猩的未来 就像丛林的命运一样 Her future, like that of all jungle life,
都是未知数 Has never been less certain.
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